环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Arsenic and zinc cycling in Cambodian rice fields of the Tonle Sap floodplain","authors":"Yasmine A. Farhat ,&nbsp;E-Nieng Muth ,&nbsp;Chou Cheythyrith ,&nbsp;Lyda Hok ,&nbsp;Gordon W. Holtgrieve ,&nbsp;Soo-Hyung Kim ,&nbsp;Rebecca B. Neumann","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cambodians heavily rely on rice as an essential staple food crop and source of income. The Tonle Sap floodplain is one of Cambodia's largest rice-producing regions. Natural flooding and irrigation on paddies within the floodplain likely influence the cycling of important trace elements such as zinc (Zn), an essential and often limiting micronutrient, and arsenic (As), a toxin for both humans and plants. We explored temporal and chemical factors that govern As and Zn deposition, availability, and uptake in Tonle Sap rice fields in the context of changing flooding dynamics. To this end, we collected surface soils, flood sediment, and plants across four cropping cycles in Steung Saen Municipality of Kampong Thom Province. We found that sediments deposited during the flood season acted as a source of labile As, Zn, and iron (oxy)hydroxide minerals that carry both As and Zn. However, it was not until soils dried between the two seasons that actual Zn uptake into plants increased. No such relationship was observed for As. Soil bioavailable Zn (i.e., DTPA-Zn) strongly predicted the transfer of Zn from soil to leaves and grains. Leaf concentrations of Zn and As were associated with less efficient translocation from vegetative tissue to grain, as measured by their respective grain/leaf concentration ratios. We also observed signs of differential uptake pathways for Zn into grain in response to seasonal differences in Zn availability. Lastly, our findings suggest that Zn may be involved in the in-plant translocation of As, presenting an important trade-off in breeding high-Zn and low-As rice varieties. Our work shows the interconnected nature of hydrologic cycles, agriculture, and food/nutritional security in the Tonle Sap Floodplain as it relates to trace elements. These findings can help to predict and manage changing Zn and As dynamics in this important and vulnerable region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179261"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continental declines in North American small mammal populations","authors":"Alec Medd ,&nbsp;Amanda E. Martin ,&nbsp;Adam C. Smith ,&nbsp;Lenore Fahrig","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We initially speculated that non-tropical North American (USA and Canada) small mammal abundances might have increased over the past several decades due to declines in mammalian predators. To test this idea we assembled from small mammal researchers 818 time series of small mammal abundances, containing a total of 5317 individual abundance data points, for 66 species in 21 genera. The resulting database is the largest collection of multi-year abundance data for North American small mammals. We then used a hierarchical Bayesian modelling approach to estimate an overall abundance trend. Contrary to our initial speculation, we found strong support for an overall decline in North American small mammal abundance, with an estimated annual decrease of 3.6 %. Sixty species trends were negative while only six were positive. Given this decline and given that small mammals are important for ecosystem function as prey items, as predators, and for seed dispersal, we suggest conservation efforts should be directed to this generally neglected group. In particular, we need further work to uncover the causes and consequences of small mammal declines, and to develop mitigation strategies to avoid further declines in North American small mammals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 111109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the animals’ health risk arising from Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn content in fodder corn grown in a farm treated with municipal solid waste compost—Case study: Iran","authors":"Mojgan Yeganeh,&nbsp;Seyed Majid Mousavi,&nbsp;Zahra Khanmohammadi,&nbsp;Farhad Moshiri","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13910-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13910-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transference of heavy metals from forage to feeding animals is a crucial animal welfare issue. In this article, the effects of using municipal solid waste compost in corn cultivation on animal’s health were assessed. The study was run at the Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran and followed an incomplete strip block design composed of six treatments and three repeats. The treatments were control, with no fertilizer or municipal solid waste compost, multiple combinations of N, P, and K chemical fertilizers, and municipal solid waste compost which were used either once or twice a year. Mature corn plants (Single Cross 704) from the lowest collar were sampled during the end of summer 2019. Corn samples were examined for cadmium, lead, nickel, and zinc concentration. Using the Oracle Crystalball software, health risks were estimated for sheep, dairy cows, beef, broiler, and laying poultry. The highest exposure to cadmium, nickel, and zinc was observed in sheep feeding corn cultivated in T5 treatment, but the highest exposure to lead was observed in sheep fed with corn cultivated in T2 treatment. Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn exposure and related risk indices were lower than the reported reference values. It can be concluded that the quality of fodder corn grown in the treatments in this study was within the safe range in terms of heavy metal content and did not threaten the health of the investigated animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in seafood consumption and health risk associated with trace element exposure in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground, China: A questionnaire-based study","authors":"Jiaqi Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianya Lu ,&nbsp;Yang Luo ,&nbsp;Dehui Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;You Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study determined the concentrations and health risks of trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) in 184 samples of 13 seafood species (8 fish, 2 shrimp, and 3 crab) collected from Zhoushan Fishing Ground (ZFG), during October and December 2020, and April and June 2021. To address the limitations of evaluating risk using regional average consumption, 399 questionnaires (359 valid) were collected to analyze how residents' consumption patterns influenced individual health risk. For all the samples, exceedances of national safety limits were observed for Pb (1.09 %), Cd (5.43 %), and As (21.20 %), and crabs exhibited the highest trace element concentrations. Species and body size further played a role in determining the concentrations. Seafood consumption frequency was the strongest predictor of consumption rates (IR), following the pattern IR_fish &gt; IR_shrimp &gt; IR_crab. In addition, age, gender, and residence duration influenced IR_fish and IR_shrimp. While the risk of most trace elements was acceptable, average Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values of As exceeded 1, and both Cd and As exceeded the carcinogenic risk threshold of 10⁻⁴. The findings suggested that As and Cd posed certain health risks, especially in crabs (with the highest concentrations) and fish (with the highest IR). These results highlighted that differences in both element concentrations and individual consumption together affected the health risks associated with seafood. Future efforts should focus on enhancing the detection of trace elements, especially Cd and As, and promoting balanced seafood consumption to protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 117900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature and salinity on CO2 fluxes dynamics and respiration metabolism in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)","authors":"Yaoping Mei ,&nbsp;Yuling Xu ,&nbsp;Qinfeng Gao ,&nbsp;Zhao Li ,&nbsp;Shuanglin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming has led to higher temperatures and extreme precipitation events, significantly affecting the physiological status of sea cucumbers and causing substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. This study explored the effects of high temperature (HT), low salinity (LS), and their combination (TS) on CO₂ fluxes at the water-air interface, energy allocation, and the expression of respiratory metabolism-related genes in sea cucumbers. The results showed that HT and/or LS treatments reduced growth performance by 8.37–21.64 % and increased respiratory metabolic carbon content by 17.85–57.68 %. Respiratory metabolizable energy increased by 22.59 % (HT) and 25.87 % (TS). Enzyme activities and gene expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), and hexokinase (HK) in respiratory tree were significantly higher than in body wall in response to high temperature stress. Conversely, activities and gene expression of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were significantly higher in body wall in response to low salinity stress. These results indicate that the respiratory tree is more responsive to high temperature, while low salinity primarily affects the body wall. CO₂ fluxes positively correlated with respiratory metabolizable energy, respiratory metabolic carbon content, and LDH activities (R &gt; 0.51, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but negatively correlated with OGDH activity and specific growth rate (R &gt; 0.50, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The respiratory tree's specific functions resulted in higher CO₂ fluxes in HT group compared to LS group. Furthermore, the combined stress resulted in highest CO₂ fluxes, suggesting an additive effect on the physiological metabolism of sea cucumber. This study provides insights into the adaptation mechanisms of aquatic animals to environmental stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 117928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Effects of Climate Change and Land-Use Changes on Extreme Discharge in the Western Watershed of Lake Urmia, Iran","authors":"Ghasem Farahmand,&nbsp;Behzad Hessari,&nbsp;Hossein Salehi","doi":"10.1111/jfr3.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impacts of climate change and land-use changes on peak discharge and runoff behavior in the western watersheds of Lake Urmia, Iran. Employing machine learning algorithms (e.g., SVM), stochastic models (e.g., CA-MARKOV), ERA5 reanalysis climate data, and the large-scale hydrological VIC model, we assessed these effects across multiple sub-basins. Our analysis revealed that a 2°C rise in average minimum winter temperature over the past 50 years has reduced frost days by nearly 80 days, diminished mountain snow volume, and shifted precipitation from snow to a mix of snow, rain, and snowmelt. Consequently, peak discharge timing has advanced from May to March and April, amplifying flood intensity and frequency, with some sub-basins showing up to 30% higher peak flows. Furthermore, land-use change assessments indicated that expanding orchards and irrigated and rain-fed agricultural lands will significantly elevate future peak discharge, with differences exceeding 10 m³/s in sub-basins like Nazlochay and Barandozchay, driven by reduced infiltration and increased runoff rates. Modeling with these tools confirmed that climate and land-use changes synergistically alter flood dynamics, a pattern consistent with regional studies. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate these factors into flood management strategies for this flood-prone region, offering a robust framework for sub-basin-scale hydrological planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flood Risk Management","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfr3.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-phase conversion process of ethylene glycol and the mechanism of synergistic extraction of lithium in subcritical water system","authors":"Yayun Ma ,&nbsp;Bei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Juan Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Tang ,&nbsp;Yaguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Junqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhongbing Wang ,&nbsp;Fanyun Su ,&nbsp;Jinyue Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient recovery of lithium in spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of key significance to alleviate the resource utilization of lithium in solid waste. Herein, a ethylene glycol (EG) assisted subcritical method is proposed for the selective recovery of lithium. Under the optimal conditions with reaction temperature of 270℃, reaction time of 3 h, rotational speed of 300 r min⁻¹, L/S ratio of 10:1 mL g⁻¹, and EG dosage of 60 %, lithium can be leached with efficiencies of up to 98.4 % while the transition metals remain in the residue phase as oxides (NiO and CoO) or carbonate (MnCO₃). The subcritical lithium extraction mechanism indicates that the hydroxyl functional group of EG and the pyrolysis gas played a synergistic role in reducing the cathode powder. The EG-assisted subcritical lithium extraction system greatly improves the recovery efficiency of lithium under more environmentally friendly conditions, and lays a good foundation for the subsequent low-acid leaching of lithium extraction residue. This process provides a novel approach to the green and selective recycling process of spent LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 114776"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of trace metals and microplastics on the gene expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis from estuaries","authors":"Alvaro Gutierrez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Christian Herresanchez-Herresanchez,&nbsp;Marta Pilar Ortiz-Moriano,&nbsp;Carolina Gomez-Diaz,&nbsp;Eva Garcia-Vazquez,&nbsp;Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the effects of emerging and legacy pollutants such as hazardous microplastics (hMP) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) were investigated in wild Mediterranean mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> (n = 40) from three estuaries with different anthropogenic uses in the Asturias region (SW Bay of Biscay). The expression levels of six candidate genes related with oxidative stress and/or heavy metal detoxification (<em>sod1, sod2, cat, hsp70, mt10 &amp; mt20</em>) were measured using qPCR. The relationship between their expression levels, the Condition Index (CI), and the concentration of these concurrent pollutants was assessed through linear mixed models (LMM).</div><div>PERMANOVA revealed significant differences between polluted and clean locations for both pollutants and gene expression levels in mussels. However, no differences were found between Nalón and Sella estuaries despite their distinct historical uses and pollution levels, suggesting recovery in post-mining times. Overall, the expression of the antioxidant gene <em>sod2</em> and the detoxification genes <em>mt10</em> and <em>mt20</em> were upregulated in mussels from the most industrialized and heavy metal polluted estuary of Avilés, with Cd and Pb significantly predicting <em>mt10</em> and <em>mt20</em> increase. Hg and the hMP content significantly explained the expression patterns of <em>sod1</em> and <em>sod2</em> genes.</div><div>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining the combined molecular effects of legacy and emerging pollutants on wild populations of the bioindicator Mediterranean mussel. Additionally, it represents the first application of this molecular approach to monitor the ecological status of estuaries in the region that could be applied elsewhere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 144375"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Links between international market trends, agricultural intensification and extreme sedimentation rates in a transboundary South American coastal lagoon","authors":"C. Bueno ,&nbsp;A.S.P. Ávila ,&nbsp;J.M. Durán ,&nbsp;L. Perez ,&nbsp;C. Rodríguez-Pérez ,&nbsp;G. De León ,&nbsp;M. Medina-Elizalde ,&nbsp;L. del Puerto ,&nbsp;H. Inda ,&nbsp;R.C.L. Figueira ,&nbsp;P.A.L. Ferreira ,&nbsp;I. Etchevers ,&nbsp;C. Cuña-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;P. Velázquez ,&nbsp;L. González ,&nbsp;E.H.L. Fernandes ,&nbsp;G.L.L. Pinho ,&nbsp;F. García-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to global food demand, crop cultivation in the South American Pampa Biome rapidly expanded, intensifying erosion linked to land-use change and mechanisation. In Uruguay and SE Brazil, the most significant expansion occurred after 2000. This study examines the economic, environmental, and productive changes in an agricultural basin over the past two decades, focusing on the expansion of the primary sector of the economy, particularly soybean cultivation. It also investigates the cause of not only maximum but also abnormally extreme sedimentation rates (SR) observed between 2005 and 2009 CE.</div><div>Findings indicate that SR trends reflect land-use changes in the basin. A notable shift occurred in the 1980s after the lagoon was converted to a freshwater system, leading to a twofold increase in SR. The peak in SR observed in core MIR2 (i.e., 400 % increase) was recorded around 2005–2009 CE, alongside a 2000 % increase in terrestrial palynomorphs (pollen, spores, and other organic-walled microfossils from terrestrial sources) in core MIR4. For this period, changes in sediment grain size distribution appear to resemble drastic shifts in land cover. This coincided with the approval of glyphosate-resistant seeds (2005/2006 harvest) and a rise in soybean prices post-2006. The extreme sedimentation rate likely resulted from soybean expansion and intensified unsustainable practices like ploughing, which increased the export of fine terrestrial material. Our findings highlight how both land-use changes and climate variability (particularly extreme precipitation events) contributed to the observed SR anomalies, thus suggesting a reinforcing interaction between agricultural expansion and hydrological extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179281"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the 'Small Population' Paradigm: The Effects of Stochasticity on Evolutionary Change and Population Growth in a Bird Metapopulation","authors":"Yimen G. Araya-Ajoy,&nbsp;Tor Hansson Frank,&nbsp;Hamish Burnett,&nbsp;Jørgen S. Søraker,&nbsp;Peter S. Ranke,&nbsp;Debora Goedert,&nbsp;Thor-Harald Ringsby,&nbsp;Henrik Jensen,&nbsp;Bernt-Erik Sæther","doi":"10.1111/ele.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Habitat loss is leading to smaller fragmented populations, increasing their susceptibility to stochasticity. Quantifying the effects of demographic and environmental stochasticity on population dynamics and the contribution of selection versus drift to phenotypic change is essential to assess the potential consequences of environmental change. We examined how stochasticity influenced population growth and body mass changes over 22 years in 11 insular house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) populations. Environmental stochasticity induced synchrony in growth rates across populations while also causing substantial island-specific fluctuations. Additionally, demographic stochasticity led to larger annual growth rate fluctuations in smaller populations. Although heavier individuals generally had higher fitness, we detected non-directional evolutionary change in body mass, driven by drift rather than selection. Our study provides a unique quantitative assessment of the ‘small population’ paradigm, highlighting the importance of theoretically driven analyses of long-term individual-based data to understand the drivers of phenotypic evolution and a population's long-term viability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":161,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Letters","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}