Quang Loc Nguyen, Huy Nguyen Lai, Hong T.M. Nguyen, Le Long Pham, Andrei Herdean, Nature Poddar, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Ai Nguyen, Mathieu Pernice, Peter J. Ralph, Phong H.N. Vo
{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting rare earth elements leaching from secondary resources","authors":"Quang Loc Nguyen, Huy Nguyen Lai, Hong T.M. Nguyen, Le Long Pham, Andrei Herdean, Nature Poddar, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Ai Nguyen, Mathieu Pernice, Peter J. Ralph, Phong H.N. Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139479","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) presents significant mining and extraction challenges. Extraction of REEs from secondary resources such as mine tailings, electronic waste, and industrial by-products becomes an alternative solution. This study introduces an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to (i) predict the leaching efficiency rates and (ii) provide real-time explanations of the key extraction factors during the leaching process, while also recommending condition adjustments to optimize the leaching efficiency of REEs from secondary resources. Trained on 572 experimental datasets sourced from the Web of Science database, the system enhances leaching performance by offering explainable recovery rates and identifying influential process parameters. The results showed that silica concentration is the most critical factor, followed by REEs classification (light vs. heavy). In contrast, acid strength (pH), aluminum content, and temperature exhibited moderate but comparatively lower contributions to the overall leaching performance. By identifying suboptimal parameters and suggesting adjustments that lead to improvements in the predicted recovery (R<sup>2</sup>=0.81), the approach exemplifies how explainable AI can bridge the gap between empirical data and process innovation. This methodology offers a broadly applicable framework for enhancing decision-making and process efficiency in the complex extraction systems, with the potential to extend beyond REEs into other resource- and energy-intensive industries.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Xu , Zhiyi Yang , Sanjun Bai , Fuqing Han , Tianhao Wang
{"title":"Evaluation on effect of spraying ecological concrete on vegetation restoration of highway masonry slope","authors":"Hua Xu , Zhiyi Yang , Sanjun Bai , Fuqing Han , Tianhao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional highway slopes are typically stabilized using masonry structures such as frame beams, arch grids, and shotcrete. However, over time, exposure to weathering from rainfall, sunlight, and temperature fluctuations can lead to deformation, sliding, and even structural failure which often result in cracking, damage, rockfalls, or collapses. Additionally, the impermeable nature of masonry structures restricts the exchange of water and air between the slope soil and the surrounding environment, creating significant challenges for vegetation restoration on highway slopes. At the entrance of a tunnel on the Yunmao Expressway, a field experiment utilizing sprayed ecological concrete for slope stability and vegetation restoration was conducted. The physical and chemical properties of the slope, along with plant communities and slope stability, were monitored and analyzed over 1080 days. The results indicate that ecological concrete vegetation restoration technology significantly enhances the vegetation performance of masonry slopes. It possesses superior physical properties and chemical properties to soil underlying masonry slopes, providing support for seed germination and long-term plant growth. This technology successfully reconstructs a multi-layered “grass-shrub-flower” vegetation structure on the masonry slopes. Furthermore, it improves slope stability, enhancing the erosion resistance and preventing weathering and peeling of the masonry slope. An evaluation system was established to assess vegetation restoration effectiveness. The system is composed of four main criteria layers: physical properties of ecological concrete, chemical properties of ecological concrete, plant communities, and slope stability comprising a total of 16 indicator layers, was established based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP), The evaluation results indicate the vegetation restoration effectiveness as “excellent”, which is consistent with the field conditions. The findings demonstrate that ecological concrete technology effectively addresses the challenges of vegetation restoration and slope stability on masonry slopes, offering significant potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Fauzi Haris , Norita Md Norwawi , Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa , Muhammad Rawi Mohamed Zin , Mohd Zaid Hassan Abdul Rahman , Haizum Ruzanna Sahar , Azlai Ta'at
{"title":"Systematic study on the relationship between Beryllium-7 concentration with dynamics of northeast monsoon activity","authors":"Mohd Fauzi Haris , Norita Md Norwawi , Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa , Muhammad Rawi Mohamed Zin , Mohd Zaid Hassan Abdul Rahman , Haizum Ruzanna Sahar , Azlai Ta'at","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several radionuclide stations established by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty (CTBT) have provided a unique opportunity for systematic study in the investigation of Beryllium-7 (Be-7) concentration for environmental applications. These stations are located along wind pathways during the Northeast Monsoon season. The cosmogenic radionuclide Be-7, also detected by these stations, serves as a tracer for atmospheric processes, particularly precipitation dynamics influenced by monsoonal patterns. This research explores the correlation between Be-7 concentration and the two types of surges during the Northeast Monsoon in Malaysia, encompassing Easterly (ES) and Meridional surges (MS). The Northeast Monsoon, a significant climatic phenomenon in Southeast Asia, impacts regional weather patterns and precipitation levels. Understanding the correlation between Be-7 concentration and these two surges could provide insights into atmospheric transport mechanisms, rainfall variability, and potential implications for climate and environmental studies. The Granger Causality test is applied to examine the relationship between Be-7 concentration and key monsoonal dynamics represented by the Meridional Surge (MS) and Easterly Surge (ES) indices. Significant predictive lags (2–11 days) are identified at several radionuclide stations, indicating Be-7's potential as a leading indicator of monsoonal rainfall timing and intensity. These results align with existing evidence that Be-7 concentrations are influenced by atmospheric factors such as humidity, dryness, and precipitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 107775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubing Dai , Jiaxin Liu , Naibing Liang , Zhangpeng Guo , Jing Jin , Congjie Bi , Haijun Zhang , Ningbo Geng , Jiping Chen
{"title":"Phase partitioning and toxicity prediction of metals in blood plasma, platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes","authors":"Yubing Dai , Jiaxin Liu , Naibing Liang , Zhangpeng Guo , Jing Jin , Congjie Bi , Haijun Zhang , Ningbo Geng , Jiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma and blood cells may exist different phase partitioning of elements due to their distinct properties and functions, while the distribution patterns of other elements across plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes remain largely unexplored. This study developed a method to rapidly separate these fractions of human blood and quantify 22 elements in each fraction. Notably, elements like Fe, Zn, and Rb were higher in erythrocytes, whereas Cd, Cr, V, and Sr were concentrated in leukocytes. Most metals detected in plasma account for < 40 % of the total concentration in blood, particularly toxic metals, with Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb accounting for 63–75 % in blood cells, suggesting plasma-based assessments may underestimate actual exposure. Metal concentrations in plasma were positively correlated with those in whole blood (<em>ρ</em> ≥ 0.48), except for Fe (<em>ρ</em> = 0.13). We derived empirical ratios to estimate the internal exposure levels of elements from plasma to blood. Finally, we prioritized the assessment of potential acute and non-cancer risks associated with five toxic metals. As evidenced by PrHQ values, the toxicity level of As were the highest. Notably, the PrHQ values for these toxic metals in whole blood were approximately three times higher than those detected in plasma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 118803"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Timotius , Aditya Kurniawan , Alit Istiani , Chandra Edward Suryanaga , Aldian Fahrialam , Rizqi Fathur Rohman , Ragil Adjeng Nur Adibah , Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus , Yuni Kusumastuti , Ivano Heimbach , Ferian Anggara
{"title":"An economic analysis of a novel potassium humate (K-Humate) production process from low rank coal: Incorporating carbon capture and heat integration process","authors":"Daniel Timotius , Aditya Kurniawan , Alit Istiani , Chandra Edward Suryanaga , Aldian Fahrialam , Rizqi Fathur Rohman , Ragil Adjeng Nur Adibah , Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus , Yuni Kusumastuti , Ivano Heimbach , Ferian Anggara","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for producing potassium humate (K-Humate) from low-rank coal by integrating carbon capture and heat recovery technologies. Laboratory experiments confirmed the successful synthesis of K-Humate through oxidation-extraction-bubbling process from low-rank coal, with XRD and FTIR analyses verifying the formation of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO<sub>3</sub>) in the final product. A preliminary kinetic model of CO<sub>2</sub> absorption showed strong agreement with experimental data. Mass and energy balance analyses indicated exothermic behavior in oxidation and CO<sub>2</sub> absorption, while endothermic behavior in humic acid extraction, with the ability to capture approximately 55.92 kg of CO<sub>2</sub> per ton of product. This study evaluates sustainability and economic performance across three scenarios: (1) without carbon capture or heat integration, (2) with carbon capture only, and (3) with both. GHG emissions from steam generation were assessed using sub-bituminous coal, marine fuel oil (MFO), and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Techno-economic evaluations across three process scenarios showed that Scenario 3—combining carbon capture and heat integration—provides the most sustainable and economically favorable outcome. For this scenario using LNG as fuel, the CAPEX (fix capital, working capital, and start-up cost) and OPEX (variable cost, fix cost, plant overhead, and general expense) were estimated at $0.622 and $4.468 per kg of K-Humate, while the ROI, POT, IRR and GHG emissions (scope 1 & 2) are 13.71 %, 3.6 years, 14.52 % and 2.215 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per kg K-Humate, respectively. A sensitivity analysis identified product pricing as the most influential factor affecting profitability. This integrated process offers a promising pathway for sustainable K-Humate production and low-rank coal utilization by simultaneously reducing environmental impact and maintaining favorable economic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146316"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EcologyPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1002/ecy.70176
Charlotte F. Narr, Scott Binger, Erin Sedlacek, Bianca Anderson, Grace Shoemaker, Adrienne Stanley, Madison Stokoski, Ed K. Hall
{"title":"Stoichiometric acclimation of a bacterial parasite to shifts in the diet quality of a single host","authors":"Charlotte F. Narr, Scott Binger, Erin Sedlacek, Bianca Anderson, Grace Shoemaker, Adrienne Stanley, Madison Stokoski, Ed K. Hall","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A growing body of literature suggests that the effects of host diet on populations of parasites within a host (i.e., infrapopulations) are dictated by the elemental stoichiometry of the parasite, and new data suggest that the stoichiometric composition of parasites can shift in response to a host's diet. The consequences of this shift in parasite stoichiometry for host–parasite interactions are underexplored. Here, we present evidence that the diet quality of initial “rearing” hosts influences how infrapopulations in subsequent hosts respond to host diet. We reared infrapopulations of the microparasite <i>Pasteuria ramosa</i> in <i>Daphnia magna</i> fed high or low phosphorus (P) diets. Then, because this parasite is transmitted from a spore bank to individual hosts, we pooled spores from hosts within each diet treatment and used them to infect subsequent hosts. We found that <i>P. ramosa</i> had larger spores and achieved higher spore loads when the diet of their new host matched that of their rearing host. We explored the mechanism for this apparent acclimation to host diet by analyzing the stoichiometry of infrapopulations as stoichiometric trait distributions characterized by the mean, functional richness, functional evenness, and functional divergence of spores for each stoichiometric trait carbon (C), nitrogen (N), P, C:N, C:P, and N:P. Both rearing and subsequent host diets altered the stoichiometry of individual spores in subsequent hosts. Furthermore, functional richness in infrapopulation N content explained more variation in the spore load of subsequent hosts (80%) than either of our diet treatments or any other metric of infrapopulation stoichiometry. Our treatments also influenced the parasite's niche. The C:P and N:P trait distributions of infrapopulations consisting of spores exposed to low P diets for two within-host lifecycles exhibited lower functional evenness and greater functional divergence than those consisting of spores unexposed to low P diets or exposed for one life cycle. Our results demonstrate that parasite rapid acclimation to host diet quality is possible, and quantifying infrapopulation stoichiometry can inform our understanding of host diet effects on host–parasite interactions. Replicating this work across additional host–parasite systems will help resolve the role of such effects in natural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11484,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"106 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikael Luiz Pereira Morales, Leandro Capurro, Facundo Bordert, Hafizah Chenia, Cecília Alonso, Fabiana Rey Bentos, Lucía Boccardi, Ernesto Brugnoli, Ng Haig They, Vanessa Ochi Agostini, Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
{"title":"Evaluating macrophyte extracts as eco-friendly antifouling additives for freshwater made-man structures: a field assessment","authors":"Mikael Luiz Pereira Morales, Leandro Capurro, Facundo Bordert, Hafizah Chenia, Cecília Alonso, Fabiana Rey Bentos, Lucía Boccardi, Ernesto Brugnoli, Ng Haig They, Vanessa Ochi Agostini, Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126952","url":null,"abstract":"Biofouling on artificial aquatic surfaces yields substantial economic losses and operational challenges. Traditional antifouling strategies often rely on synthetic chemical coatings, which have harmful environmental impacts, thus environmentally sustainable solutions, such as natural antifouling compounds are increasingly being sought. Extracts derived from the aquatic macrophytes <em>Pontederia crassipes</em> and <em>Typha domingensis</em> have demonstrated potential antifouling properties in preliminary studies; however, their efficacy under natural field conditions remains unverified. This study is the first to evaluate the antifouling potential of these macrophyte extracts when incorporated with epoxy coatings in a natural freshwater environment (Salto Grande Reservoir, Uruguay River). Stainless steel substrates were treated with 2.5, 5, and 10 g L<sup>-1</sup> of lyophilized macrophyte extracts combined with epoxy and compared to uncoated and epoxy-coated controls. Over a 165-hour period, biofouling was assessed via chlorophyll levels, bacterial counts, macro-organism presence and attachment and taxonomic diversity. Analytical techniques, including gas and liquid chromatography, along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were employed to identify active compounds in extracts. The <em>P. crassipes</em> extract at 5 and 10 g L<sup>-1</sup> exhibited superior antifouling efficacy compared to <em>T. domingensis</em>. Coatings with <em>P. crassipes</em> significantly reduced bacterial colonization (37%), algae growth (for different photosynthetic pigments), fungal presence, and macro-organism attachment (not found), while promoting the occurrence of opportunistic taxa less conducive to fouling. The observed antifouling activity may be attributed to specific chemical compounds, including long-chain hydrocarbons and phenolic derivatives, identified in the extracts. The study findings demonstrate the field antifouling efficacy of macrophyte extracts incorporated with epoxy coatings, highlighting <em>P. crassipes</em> as a particularly promising, sustainable antifouling candidate. Its high biomass availability and ease of cultivation enhance its potential for industrial-scale development as natural antifouling agents. This work provides critical insights into developing eco-friendly antifouling coatings that minimize environmental impact while maintaining efficacy in biofouling control being the first study to prove in a natural environment the antifouling potential of these macrophytes.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical and biological mechanisms of wild-type, multidrug-resistant bacteria inactivation via low-dose UVA/Fe²⁺/Peracetic Acid treatment","authors":"Qing Li, Ling Feng, Zhuochu Liu, Stefanos Giannakis","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124358","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) owing to antibiotic misuse has raised significant concerns regarding the global infectious disease crisis. To address this concern by a disinfection process, we used low-dose, UVA- and Fe<sup>2+</sup>-activated peracetic acid (UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA) to eliminate ARB and ARGs in water, evaluate the system’s kinetics, and elucidate the inactivation mechanism. The UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA system completely inactivated 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL of wild-type, tetracycline and sulfanilamide multidrug-resistant isolates within 30 min. Increasing the UVA irradiation and PAA dose had a positive effect on ARB inactivation efficiency, whereas excessive Fe<sup>2+</sup> concentration had a negative effect. EPR analysis and quenching experiments indicated that high-valent iron species (Fe<sup>IV</sup>O<sup>2+</sup>) play a pivotal role in the inactivation process. The UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA system disrupted the integrity of ARB cell membranes and walls, leading to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Intracellular materials, including proteins, defense mechanisms, DNA, and ARGs, are severely damaged during this process. The mild UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA system was successfully applied under various aquatic conditions. The UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA system effectively inhibited ARB regrowth and transmission of resistance genes in complex water matrices. Finally, higher efficacy was achieved with continuous-drip PAA addition, paving the way for potential future applications of UVA/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/PAA.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water ResearchPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.124360
Yang-Guang Gu
{"title":"Comment on “Nutrient enrichment by high aquaculture effluent input exacerbates imbalances between methane production and oxidation in mangrove sediments” by Dai et al. (Water Research 2025, 280: 123552)","authors":"Yang-Guang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124360","url":null,"abstract":"We comment on Dai et al. (2025), who report that aquaculture-derived nutrient input increases methane (CH₄) emissions and alters microbial communities in mangrove sediments, leading them to conclude that wastewater threatens the long-term carbon sink function of mangroves. While these findings are valuable, we argue that their conclusions overstate the risks to sedimentary carbon storage due to several methodological limitations in their experimental design and interpretation. Specifically, Dai et al.’s reliance on short-term CH₄ flux data, without integrating sediment carbon accumulation measurements or biogeochemical controls (e.g., redox dynamics), limits the validity of their extrapolated conclusions regarding long-term carbon sink impairment. Drawing from both our own sediment core studies and broader biogeochemical principles, we argue that eutrophication-driven redox shifts can enhance, rather than impair, organic carbon and nitrogen burial under specific sedimentary conditions. We advocate for a more integrated methodological framework, including direct sediment carbon accumulation assessments and redox-sensitive proxies, when evaluating the carbon sink function of blue carbon ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Jin , Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi , Hanbing He , Edgar Castro , Joel D. Schwartz , Robert O. Wright , Yaguang Wei
{"title":"Chronic effects of wildfire smoke and criteria air pollutants on cardiovascular hospitalization rates in the contiguous US","authors":"Cheng Jin , Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi , Hanbing He , Edgar Castro , Joel D. Schwartz , Robert O. Wright , Yaguang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing studies on the health effects of smoke fine particulate matters (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), a primary emission from wildfires, have often lacked comparison with other air pollutants, focused primarily on acute exposures, and not applied causal methods. In this study, we obtained county-level, three-year average cardiovascular hospitalization rates for Medicare beneficiaries across the contiguous US between 2006 and 2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These data were linked with spatio-temporal estimates of smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub>, non-smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub>, nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), ozone, and county-level confounders. We used a difference-in-differences method to evaluate simultaneous causal effects of three-year moving average exposures (lag 0–2, 1–3, 2–4, or 3–5 year) to the four pollutants on hospitalization rates for total cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its two major subtypes: heart disease and stroke. We found that, for total CVD, the absolute change in hospitalization rate associated with smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> increased with longer lag periods: from −0.879 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: −2.528, 0.771) at lag 0–2 to 7.538 (95 % CI: 4.594, 10.481) at lag 3–5 per 1 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in exposure per 1000 people. The effect of non-smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> was smaller and diminished over time. NO<sub>2</sub> and ozone had even smaller effects per 1 part per billion increases in exposure. Similar patterns were seen for heart disease. For stroke, all pollutants had minimal and mostly non-significant effects. More rural and lower-income counties experienced greater risks. These findings suggested the need to prioritize wildfire management in addition to traditional air quality control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122520"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}