环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Niche differentiation drives microbial community assembly in an anaerobic/oxic/anoxic-aerobic granular sludge (AOA-AGS) system: Insights into Anammox self-enrichment","authors":"Jingwei Ma, Hui Sun, Yaning Ji, Qiulai He, Long Chen, Ying Han, Peng Bi, Liang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124615","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating anammox into the anaerobic/oxic/anoxic-aerobic granular sludge (AOA-AGS) process presents a promising strategy for low-carbon wastewater treatment. Operating under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions, the AOA-AGS system enables <em>in situ</em> enrichment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) via sludge granulation. This study addresses two key questions: how to drive AnAOB self-enrichment during AGS formation and how microbial aggregates of different sizes contribute to the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In an AOA sequencing batch reactor (AOA-SBR) operated at a DO concentration of 0.30 mg/L, AnAOB self-enrichment was successfully achieved (0-1.25%). The system demonstrated efficient and stable nutrients removal, with removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), and total phosphorus (TP) reaching 88.70 ± 4.96%, 84.24 ± 3.59%, and 96.76 ± 1.67%, respectively. Microbial community assembly was primarily governed by deterministic processes, with niche differentiation facilitating the enrichment of AnAOB. The granular sludge exhibited a broader niche breadth (0.6596) compared to flocculent sludge (0.5885), supporting the coexistence of AnAOB and other functional microorganisms. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed cooperative or symbiotic relationship among functional bacteria (positive correlations accounted for 54.89%), with 10 keystone taxa collectively shaping microbial community and function. Functionally, large granules (500-2000 μm) exhibited greater anammox capacity, and large flocs (100-200 μm) and small granules (200-500 μm) contributed to simultaneous nitrification and endogenous denitrification (SNED), whereas small flocs (&lt;100 μm) exhibited stronger phosphorus metabolism potential. Phosphorus-rich flocs were selectively discharged, while AnAOB were effectively retained within granules. These findings offer practical insights for optimizing AOA-AGS system and advancing energy-efficient wastewater treatment technologies.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical regulation of thermal stress by canopy structure in urban forests: The role of species composition","authors":"Jia Jia ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Yunlong Yao ,&nbsp;Sungmin Lee ,&nbsp;Robert D. Brown ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Jing ,&nbsp;Yalin Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhibin Ren ,&nbsp;Xingyuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forest canopies serve as effective thermal buffers, yet their potential to mediate human heat stress through structural complexity remains underexplored. This study quantified canopy height, heterogeneity, and diversity characteristics, and examined their relationships with mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) across tree species with distinct cooling capacities. It further evaluated the overall cooling effects of forest community structure using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) combined with Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS), and identified key structural thresholds influencing thermal regulation under varying levels of species compositional diversity via a segmented GAM. We found that: (1) Tree species with varying cooling performance differed by 1.43 °C in cooling intensity (mean T_mrt) and 0.013 in cooling stability (CV of T_mrt), with T_mrt in Strong–Stable performers exhibiting significant negative correlations with canopy height and vertical heterogeneity (r = –0.35 to –0.69, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); (2) Overall T_mrt variation across communities was primarily driven by canopy height, with the NMDS axis explaining 30.9 % of the variation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Heterogeneity characteristics, as indicated by mean outer canopy height, top rugosity, and canopy relief ratio, accounted for 27.9 %, while diversity characteristics contributed less (11.6 %); (3) With increasing species compositional variability, the structural response of T_mrt shifted from being dominated by a single factor to a coordinated regulation by multiple structural characteristics. In high-variability communities, mean height, top rugosity, canopy relief ratio, and vegetation area index jointly influenced T_mrt, with the model explaining 53.8 % of its variation. This study sheds light on the dynamic role of tree canopy structures in regulating thermal stress, offering insights for microclimate-responsive urban landscape design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 105495"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High microplastic exposure affects survival and health of Dreissena spp. mussels: implications for freshwater pollution monitoring","authors":"Adèle Wolinski, Miléna Ferret, Isabelle Calvès, Loïc Tettling, Audrey M. Pruski, Edouard Lavergne, Anne-Leïla Meistertzheim, Franck Lartaud","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127123","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence and concentrations of microplastics in freshwater environments are far less studied than in marine ecosystems, despite rivers being the receptacle of plastic pollution from terrestrial activities. Since microplastics impact aquatic organisms at multiple levels, the development of reliable and efficient methods for their quantification is crucial to improve ecological risk assessment and support regulatory efforts. In this study, we investigated the potential of <em>Dreissena</em> spp. mussels as bioindicators for microplastic pollution by exposing them to fluorescent polyethylene microbeads (10 – 20 μm) for two months at two environmental concentrations (200 and 2000 MPs L^-1). Both microplastic uptake and health indicators (survival rates, condition index, and energy reserves) were assessed. Our results confirmed microplastic uptake by dreissenids under both exposure concentrations. Exposure to 2000 MPs L^-1 led to a decrease in condition index and energy reserves within 15 days, resulting in increased mortality, whereas exposure to 200 MPs L^-1 had no significant effect. These findings support the use of <em>Dreissena</em> spp. mussels as bioindicators for microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the bioaccessibility of MPs to filter-feeders and allowing the assessment of both microplastic accumulation in tissues and associated health effects.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and Potential Risk of Heavy Metal Release from Commercial Organic Fertilizers in Northern China","authors":"Yafeng Wang, Teresa J. Cheng, Hefa Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127126","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial organic fertilizers (COFs) derived from animal manure often contain elevated levels of heavy metals (HMs). This study determined the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in a total of 72 COF samples manufactured in northern China, and evaluated their release characteristics with a 56-day immersion test. The average contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in these COF samples were 51.3, 300.7, 0.6, and 47.9 mg/kg, which were much higher than their background levels in Chinese surface soils. Besides animal manure, the minerals/salts added during fertilizer shaping process, were also revealed to be a significant source of HMs in COFs. The release of HMs from COFs depended strongly on the decomposition of the fertilizer’s organic matrix. The bioavailability of HMs in the COF samples generally decreased in the order of As&gt;Cu&gt;Cd&gt;Zn&gt;Pb≥Cr. While the risk level of HMs in the COFs generally ranges from no to medium based on their bioavailability, the actual risk would be much higher as the organic matrices could breakdown completely in the amended soils over time. The cumulative fraction of As released from the granular COFs reached up to 66.3% by the end of the immersion test. It was estimated that continuous application of the COFs would bring excessive accumulation of Cd in agricultural soils within 25.9 years. The findings indicate the significant need for controlling the contents of HMs, particularly As and Cd, in COFs to prevent pollution of agricultural soils by their continuous application.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanisation Facilitates Intrapopulation Dietary Niche Diversity in a Generalist Carnivore","authors":"Tal Caspi,&nbsp;Emily Sit,&nbsp;Monica G. Serrano,&nbsp;Stevi L. Vanderzwan,&nbsp;Katie A. Smith,&nbsp;William Merkle,&nbsp;Deb Campbell,&nbsp;Benjamin N. Sacks","doi":"10.1111/ele.70207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The niche variation hypothesis predicts that members of generalist species are specialists, and that the degree of individual specialisation correlates positively with resource diversity. Urban landscapes are highly heterogeneous in resource distribution; therefore, we predicted urbanisation would be associated with narrower individual dietary niches and greater differentiation among individuals of generalist species. We used stable isotope analysis to compare diets of urban and nonurban coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) populations in San Francisco and Marin County, California, USA. Urban coyotes had dietary niches nearly three times narrower than nonurban coyotes and greater among-individual variation in isotope values. Within-individual differences explained 18% of total δ¹³C variation in urban coyotes compared to 58% in nonurban coyotes, and 34% versus 44% of δ¹⁵N variation, indicating stronger individual specialisation in the urban population. Our findings suggest urbanisation facilitates intrapopulation dietary niche diversity by spatially structuring foraging, highlighting the role of human activity in promoting ecological diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":161,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Letters","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ele.70207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanisation Drives the Decoupling, Simplification, and Homogenization of Aquatic and Terrestrial Food Webs","authors":"Kilian Perrelet,&nbsp;Lauren M. Cook,&nbsp;Merin Reji Chacko,&nbsp;Florian Altermatt,&nbsp;Marco Moretti","doi":"10.1111/ele.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic and terrestrial communities often co-occur at close distances, enabling biotic interactions across ecosystem boundaries. While such interactions in natural habitats contribute to complex, coupled food webs, their dynamics in engineered and fragmented urban habitats are hardly known. Using environmental DNA metabarcoding and a metaweb approach, we examined food web structure at 54 paired aquatic-terrestrial sites along an urbanisation gradient in Zurich, Switzerland. We found that urbanisation led to simpler, less connected, and more homogeneous food webs by replacing high-trophic-level predators with low-trophic-level basal consumers. This shift towards basal consumers, dependent on distinct aquatic or terrestrial basal resources, subsequently weakened the links between aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Conversely, enhancing habitat quantity and landscape connectivity bolstered predator diversity, promoting vertically diverse, connected, complex, and stable food webs. Our findings reveal that while urbanisation can disrupt aquatic-terrestrial food webs, careful urban habitat planning can enhance biodiversity and food web stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":161,"journal":{"name":"Ecology Letters","volume":"28 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ele.70212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female exposure to microplastics in the atmospheric environment: Endocrine disrupting toxicity and its risk regulation strategies","authors":"Xixi Li, Xinao Li, Gaolei Ding, Zheng Li, Qikun Pu, Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139848","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) are present in the atmosphere and may lead to female endocrine-disrupting toxicity (F-EDT) after entering human bodies through inhalation. However, research on the F-EDT of human exposure to MPs remains infancy. Therefore, the F-EDT of six common atmospheric MPs was quantified, and a priority control list for MPs and their additives was compiled using statistical and computational chemistry techniques. Results showed that PA-MPs/PET-MPs and bisphenol-based antioxidants contribute to F-EDT, with a risk probability difference of up to 59.81% between the lowest and highest risk components. Thus, Bisphenol A and Bisphenol E were selected for molecular modification, and an environmentally friendly substitute (D35) was screened, with a reduced risk of 37.57%. Finally, the F-EDT mitigation mechanisms of MPs were also analyzed, indicating the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in MPs may be a primary reason for the variations in F-EDT. Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the dominant modes of cell membrane adsorption for MPs or additives, with the competitive adsorption of lubricants on bisphenol-based antioxidants being one of the main reasons for mitigating F-EDT induced by MPs. This study aims to tackle the challenges of understanding the patterns and underlying mechanisms for the F-EDT of MPs and additives.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evidence for maternal offloading of mercury pollution via reproduction","authors":"Matteo Beccardi, Justine Bertram, Sandra Bouwhuis, Pablo Salmón, Peter J. Schupp, Oscar Vedder","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127121","url":null,"abstract":"Of the many pollutants released into the environment by human activities, mercury is among the most toxic. Interestingly, studies typically find reproducing females to exhibit lower mercury concentrations than males, suggesting that maternal elimination of this toxic compound occurs via transfer to developing embryos. Yet, clear evidence for the causality of such an effect is lacking, because of the absence of studies that manipulated reproductive activity. We experimentally manipulated reproductive status in an avian model organism, the Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>), and exposed reproductively active and inactive males and females to a single sub-lethal dose of mercury. We found that reproductively active (egg laying) females had considerably lower levels of blood mercury a week after their experimental exposure to this compound, compared to inactive females and males, and that this difference was maintained for at least two more weeks. Moreover, we found maternal mercury to end up in their eggs and chicks, at levels that gradually decreased the later these eggs and offspring were produced after maternal mercury exposure. As such, we provide experimental support for maternal offloading of mercury to eggs as a cause for lower mercury levels in reproductively active females. As this causes offspring to be exposed to mercury at a stage where they are most vulnerable, these findings emphasize the importance of considering intergenerational effects when assessing the ecological impacts of anthropogenic pollution on wildlife.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"313 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of nitro(so)- and chloro-disinfection byproduct formation mechanisms after UV/Cl2 and UV/H2O2 oxidation of 2-methylisoborneol in the presence of algal organic matter","authors":"Sihong Li, Hehua Wang, Hangzhou Xu, Haiyan Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124616","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacterial blooms, such as <em>Pseudanabaena</em> bloom, pose considerable risks to drinking water quality due to the release of odorants like 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). Although preoxidation-enhanced coagulation efficiently removes <em>Pseudanabaena</em> cells and intracellular 2-MIB, substantial amounts of extracellular 2-MIB persist after coagulation and filtration, posing ongoing challenges to drinking water safety. This study compared the performance of UV/H₂O₂ and UV/Cl₂ oxidation for removing 2-MIB in the presence of algal organic matter (AOM) within the filtered water, and evaluated their impacts on subsequent chlorination-induced disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and water toxicity. UV/H₂O₂ oxidation achieved a higher 2-MIB degradation efficiency (98.1%) compared with UV/Cl₂ oxidation (85.6%), while exhibiting lower post-chlorination toxicity. UV/Cl₂ treatment led to a marked increase in toxicity after subsequent chlorination, primarily attributed to the formation of highly toxic nitro and nitroso DBPs (nitro(so)-DBPs). Comprehensive analysis of chlorinated DBPs (Cl-DBPs) (<em>i.e.</em>, (semi-)volatile and macromolecular Cl-DBPs) and nitro(so)-DBPs revealed that chlorination of UV/H₂O₂-treated samples generated more Cl-DBPs, whereas chlorination of UV/Cl₂-treated samples favoured the formation of nitro(so)-DBPs. These results highlight the important contribution of nitro(so)-DBPs to AOM-derived DBP toxicity. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) combined with machine learning identified key molecular descriptors — comprising modified aromatic index, ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C), and carbon oxidation state (C_OS) — as predictive features for DBP formation. Our results indicate that, compared with Cl-DBP precursors, nitro(so)-DBP precursors are mainly non-aromatics with higher H/C and lower C_OS. This is the first study to incorporate nitro(so)-DBPs into the AOM-derived DBP evaluation framework and to systematically differentiate their formation mechanisms from those of Cl-DBPs.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarifying the so-called gull problem in the Gulf of Maine: Response to Taylor et al. (2024).","authors":"Antony W Diamond, Linda Welch, Donald E Lyons, Lauren C Scopel, Brian Benedict, Heather L Major, Stephen W Kress, Stephanie Koch, Ian C T Nisbet","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}