{"title":"Enhancing the charge percolation networks through the synergistic effect of conductive additives for the removal of Cr(VI) in FCDI.","authors":"Huan Chen, Su Xu, Weiwei Zhang, Huaying Li","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2525556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2525556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The natural environment and human health are gravely threatened by the issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in water bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to replace the traditional removal methods with an updated Cr(VI) removal procedure. In this study, mixed activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB) were used as components of the flow electrode slurry low-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), which was used for the removal and detoxification of Cr (VI) under various operating conditions. Performance evaluation revealed that, in comparison to traditional pure AC slurry, the filling effect of CB and the bridging effect of CNT effectively enhanced the electrical conductivity. An outstanding removal efficiency of 85.03% within 30 min and an ASRR of 13.53 μg cm<sup>-2</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> were achieved under an initial Cr(VI) feed concentration of 100 mg/L and a conductive additive content of 1% (CNT:CB = 1:1). Over the course of 12 cycles, FCDI converted 37.91% of highly toxic Cr(VI) to less harmful Cr(III) and decreased the Cr(VI) removal efficiency by 9.23%. Lastly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) further validated the ternary composite slurry's capacity to form a robust charge transport network that enhances charge transfer. In conclusion, this study offers a promising FCDI technology for heavy metals removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis and impact of operating conditions on the treatment capacity of two full-scale vermifilters","authors":"Kayla Coppens , Linda Strande , Serge Stoll","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to low investment and operational costs, chemical and energy independence, and a high potential to contribute to circular wastewater management practices, vermifiltration is a globally relevant wastewater treatment solution. Despite its potential, insufficient knowledge of the full-scale performance and the absence of guidelines for optimal design and operation impede vermifiltration from being widely implemented. This study analyzed the performance of two full-scale vermifilters treating domestic blackwater and greywater sediments in winter and summer in Switzerland. For the first time, the operating conditions of both vermifilters were determined empirically, where the blackwater vermifilter observed 4 times lower hydraulic loading rates, though 10 times larger nitrogen loading rates than the greywater sediments vermifilter. Both vermifilters demonstrated the ability to maintain high removal efficiencies for organics and solids (>75 % for BOD<sub>5</sub>, COD, and TSS), though nutrient removal was lacking (<30 % for TN and TP). The design and operation used in the full-scale vermifilters are, in general, recommendable, as no clogging was observed, and the performance of the vermifilters did not vary with season. In addition, with post-treatment, the effluent complied with discharge standards 100 % of the time. Insights into optimal design and operation include separate urine treatment, increased vermifilter depth, and alternative and intermittent feeding regimes. Such modifications would likely decrease the post-treatment requirements, spatial footprint, and investment costs. Overall, the results of this study conclude that when employing favorable design and operation conditions, vermifiltration is a relevant, reliable, and resilient wastewater treatment solution for both urban and rural areas worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 126328"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISME JournalPub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wraf140
Jinsong Wang, Bart Raes, Cato Debrabandere, Veerle van Aken, Sebastián Jaramillo-Toro, Steffen Waldherr, Benjamin Horemans, Dirk Springael
{"title":"Niche creation improves bioaugmentation of an organic micropollutant degrader in oligotrophic waters.","authors":"Jinsong Wang, Bart Raes, Cato Debrabandere, Veerle van Aken, Sebastián Jaramillo-Toro, Steffen Waldherr, Benjamin Horemans, Dirk Springael","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioaugmentation of sand filters is an alternative process for eliminating organic micropollutants in drinking water treatment. Bioaugmentation resembles an invasion process and niche availability is a prime determinant for successful invasion. This is particularly relevant for oligotrophic environments where organic micropollutants hardly provide a selective C-source and exploitative competition for the scarce intrinsic organic carbon exists between inoculated organic micropollutant-degraders and resident microbiota. Building on microbial invasion theories, we tested the hypothesis that the success of bioaugmentation and associated organic micropollutant degradation can be enhanced through niche creation by supplying a selective carbon source for the introduced degrader. Sand filter microbiota reduced growth of the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide degrading strain Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide degradation in different natural waters. This was counteracted by adding benzamide as a selective C-source for MSH1 resulting in a 3-fold faster 2,6-dichlorobenzamide biodegradation and a 6-fold increase in MSH1 growth. An additive biokinetic model underpredicted growth of MSH1 in the presence of sand filter microbiota suggesting that the community, despite its overall negative effect, supported MSH1 growth. Moreover, benzamide retarded 2,6-dichlorobenzamide degradation likely due to enzyme competitive inhibition. The results demonstrate the use of deliberately creating dedicated niches selective for the inoculum and the successful translation of ecological invasion theories into microbial community management, for improved bioaugmentation of complex communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50271,"journal":{"name":"ISME Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfeng Li, Xunzhi Ouyang, Ping Pan, Hao Zang, Jia Fu
{"title":"Effects of regional species pool, climate and forest structure on tree layer species richness in natural evergreen broad-leaved forests: A regional-scale analysis from Jiangxi, China","authors":"Jianfeng Li, Xunzhi Ouyang, Ping Pan, Hao Zang, Jia Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing loss of species diversity highlights necessitates elucidating the drivers of species richness to inform biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management strategies. This study leveraged data from 1739 vegetation plots from natural evergreen broad-leaved forests from the 2019 forest management inventory in Jiangxi Province, China. A boosted regression trees model was employed to assess regional effects on species richness, followed by the construction of a structural equation model (SEM) to elucidate the direct and indirect pathways of key drivers on tree layer species richness. The results revealed a tree layer species richness range of 3–17, with higher richness values predominantly in the northern, western, and southern regions. Species richness declined significantly with increasing latitude (<em>P</em> < 0.05). About 40 % of the variation in tree layer species richness can be accounted for by the regional species pool (SP) and the selected regional environmental factors. The SEM revealed that SP, stand basal area per unit area (BA) and precipitation seasonality (PS) directly and positively affected tree layer species richness, while precipitation of driest quarter (PDQ) negatively affected richness directly. Tree layer species richness was affected indirectly by the anomaly in annual mean temperature from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present (Anomaly<sub>RAMT</sub>) and regional annual mean temperature (RAMT) through SP, and by PDQ and precipitation of warmest quarter (PWAQ) through BA. Hence, conserving high-richness areas can help maintain elevated levels of biodiversity. Incorporating regional and local environmental factors, along with the regional species pool, significantly improves the comprehension of the mechanisms that affect species richness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article e03717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitrogen transformation and drivers in response to hydrological variability in the Yangtze subterranean estuary","authors":"Dongsheng Li , Yunduo Zhao , Zhongfang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient transport by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a crucial factor for marine eutrophication, but studies have revealed that subterranean estuaries (STEs) are active regions of nitrogen removal. Thus, understanding the nitrogen transformation and drivers in STEs is a fundamental prerequisite for an accurate assessment of the nitrogen flux resulting from SGD. Nitrogen transformation is driven primarily by microorganisms, and hydrological conditions influence the structure and function of microbial communities. We investigated the nitrogen transformation potential and environmental responses in various hydrological units (the upper saltwater plume and the mixed area above/below the silty clay layer) of the Yangtze subterranean estuary. The major N transformation genes were nrfA + nirB, nasA and napA, accounting for 36.8 %, 24.2 % and 12.4 %, respectively. Our results indicated that the process of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is the crucial mechanism for nitrogen conversion in the Yangtze STE, which accounts for approximately 35 % of the nitrogen transformation and is greater than denitrification. Additionally, the proportions of DNRA in the total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction were greater than 83 % across various aquifers. Interestingly, the nitrogen transformation proportions were similar among the three hydrological units of the STE, but the factors influencing nitrogen transformation differed. Therefore, it is necessary and crucial to divide the hydrological regions within STEs to accurately understand nitrogen transformation, enabling the regulation of SGD-derived nitrogen fluxes through hydrological processes or environmental condition management. Our results will improve the knowledge of the nitrogen cycle in STEs and help to formulate effective measures to protect coastal ecological environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 126474"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global risks posed by hornets to the provision of crop pollination","authors":"Cayetano Herrera , Mar Leza , Belinda Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hornets pose significant risks to pollinator-dependent crop production, threatening food security and ecosystem health. This study provides a spatial evaluation of current and future exposure of pollinator-dependent crops to hornet predation, focusing on the potential impacts of their predatory behaviour on insect pollinator populations. More than half of current hornet observations globally are concentrated in areas with high pollination dependent crop production of southern Asia, central Europe, and North America, where they can cause the greatest harm. Up to 6 % of global pollinator-dependent croplands are projected to become hornet hotspots by 2070. Crops under highest exposure to hornets include soybeans in North America, apples in Europe and watermelon in Asia. Hornet expansion, facilitated by global shipping and climate change, increases pressure on insect pollinator populations, negatively affecting crop yields and quality. We emphasize the need for effective management strategies, including early detection and control measures, to mitigate these risks. This research provides critical spatial insights to inform policy decisions aimed at safeguarding pollination services essential for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 126471"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Tang , Jian-Jun Yin , Gaoyong Lan , Hui Yang , Xia Wu
{"title":"Dynamic variation characteristics of 222Rn in typical karst cave systems in south China and their influencing factors","authors":"Wei Tang , Jian-Jun Yin , Gaoyong Lan , Hui Yang , Xia Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) gas is a natural tracer for air exchange between cave atmospheres and external environments. Investigating the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and controlling factors of its activity is crucial for revealing seasonal cycles and short-term fluctuation mechanisms of cave air exchange. Based on three years of continuous monitoring (from January 2018 to December 2020) of atmospheric <sup>222</sup>Rn in Maomaotou Big Cave, Guilin, South China, this study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentrations. The cave exhibits two distinct seasonal gas circulation patterns: a degassing circulation mode in winter and spring and a gas recharge circulation mode in summer and autumn. Seasonal variations of <sup>222</sup>Rn are primarily controlled by ventilation effects driven by temperature gradients between the cave interior and exterior. When external temperatures exceed cave temperatures, atmospheric stagnation promotes <sup>222</sup>Rn accumulation; conversely, ventilation-induced dilution occurs when external temperatures drop below cave temperatures. Additionally, atmospheric precipitation significantly influences <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentrations, showing an inverse relationship where higher rainfall corresponds to lower <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentrations and vice versa. This phenomenon correlates with rainfall-induced soil moisture variations that regulate radon exhalation rates and subsequent diffusion processes. Furthermore, <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentrations also depend on the distribution of its parent radionuclide <sup>226</sup>Ra in overlying soils and soil moisture content, which influences the radon dissolution and transport to the cave by dripwater. Through multifactorial analysis, this study elucidates synergistic mechanisms involving temperature gradients, precipitation, soil properties, and air exchange in regulating <sup>222</sup>Rn dynamics. The findings provide critical scientific insights into cave gas dynamics and environmental effects, enhancing the understanding of subterranean air circulation patterns while offering theoretical support for cave environmental monitoring and health risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"289 ","pages":"Article 107748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced microalgal cultivation in biomethanation digestate to maximize resource utilization of food waste leachate","authors":"Qingyu Shang, Yixin Yan, Yongnan Zhang, Dafang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressed-off leachate obtained from the organic fraction of the municipal solid waste (i.e. OFMSW or food waste) dewatering, is an acidic wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter, turbidity, and color that is difficult to treat but has a significant resource utilization potential. Anaerobic digestion is a well-known and efficient treatment method of the OFMSW leachate, yielding a biofuel (biogas) and a liquid digestate, rich in nutrients and organic compounds, which is more suitable than the OFMSW leachate for biomass conversion. Advanced microalgae cultivation has been identified as a promising technology that could maximize resource utilization of digestate of pressed-off leachate from food waste (FWPD), however the specific microalgae growth parameters on FWPD (e.g. nutrient concentrations, light, temperature, pH, etc.), are still unclear. Thus, an orthogonal experimental design was used to assess the impacts of different parameters on <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> growth and nutrients utilization from FWPD. Three major factors were investigated at three levels: organic loading (52.55, 31.53, and 10.51 g VS·L<sup>−1</sup>), light intensity (1000, 2000 and 3000 Lux) and photoperiod (8, 12 and 16 h). Range analysis results indicated that organic loading at 52.55 g VS·L<sup>−1</sup> was the most influential factor on microalgal biomass yield, total chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus recovery. Additionally, organic loading was also the driving factor for protein and carbohydrate accumulation in microalgal biomass, contrary to lipid accumulation where photoperiod was the predominant factor. The results of this study are providing novel information for the optimization of microalgae cultivation in FWPD and shed light on understanding the mechanisms dictating the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 126379"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomonitoring of microplastics in saliva and hands of young children in kindergartens: identification, quantification, and exposure assessment.","authors":"Hoda Amiri, Saeideh Moradalizadeh, Yunes Jahani, Alireza Nasiri","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14305-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14305-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles increasingly accumulating in the environment and encountered by humans, pose a particular risk to children due to their heightened vulnerability compared to adults. This study pioneered biological monitoring of MPs and investigated the presence and potential exposure of MPs in the saliva and on the hands of young children attending kindergartens in Kerman, Iran. A sample of 100 children aged 3 to 6 years was randomly selected from five kindergartens across five districts (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Following sample digestion and filtration, MPs were identified and classified under an optical microscope. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to analyze the composition of MPs. The study identified a total of 716 MPs, with the majority (299, 41.7%) being black. The number of microplastics on hands and saliva increased by 55.9% and 11.8%, respectively, after entering kindergarten. Most MPs observed were smaller than 100 µm. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis of six fibers revealed four composed of polystyrene (PS), one of nylon, and one of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The average number of MPs on children's hands upon kindergarten entry was 1.85 ± 1.39, increasing significantly to 4.2 ± 3.05 after kindergarten entry (p-value < 0.0001). This research highlighted the significant role of kindergarten flooring in determining MPs' presence in children. Specifically, the presence of tatami flooring correlated with higher MPs' levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of groundwater vulnerability assessment to nitrate pollution in the Mediterranean region.","authors":"Amina Richa, Meriem Fizir, Sami Touil","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36694-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36694-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of groundwater vulnerability , involving the identification of areas susceptible to contamination from surface sources, plays a crucial role in decision-making for land use monitoring and groundwater management. This study evaluates vulnerability assessment methods across eight Mediterranean countries, revealing key methodological insights. In Algeria, the DRASTIC model outperformed GOD (R<sup>2</sup> up to 0.71), with modifications achieving R<sup>2</sup> = 0.829, while the PI method's incorporation of topographic and soil parameters enhanced accuracy. Moroccan studies demonstrated that integrating land use (DRASTIC-LU) significantly altered vulnerability classifications, with machine learning achieving a nitrate correlation of 0.6645. Tunisian aquifers showed strong DRASTIC performance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76), further improved by the Specific Vertical Vulnerability (SI) method (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73). Italy's adapted SINTACS method reached R<sup>2</sup> = 0.47, underscoring the importance of aquifer-specific adjustments. Spain's LU-IV method, incorporating crop-specific nitrogen surpluses, proved more reliable than conventional approaches. Greece's modified DRASTIC, replacing qualitative with quantitative parameters and land use integration, boosted correlations from r = 0.293 to r = 0.696. In Turkey, SINTACS validated 95% of nitrate observations, while calibrated DRASTIC improved correlations from 0.280 to 0.485. Egyptian assessments identified 62% of areas as medium-to-high risk. Three critical findings emerge: (1) Modelcustomization consistently enhances accuracy; (2) Hybrid approachesoutperform standalone models; and (3) Regional variability necessitates context-specific adaptations. The review advocates for integrated assessments combining hydrogeological factors, anthropogenic influences, and advanced modeling to guide targeted groundwater management. These insights are urgent for the Mediterranean, where climate change and intensive land use exacerbate nitrate contamination risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}