环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Forest-Associated Understorey Birds Persist in Agroforestry Orchards Within Tropical Rubber and Oil Palm Landscapes","authors":"Muhammad Syafiq Yahya,&nbsp;Sharifah Nur Atikah,&nbsp;Ruzana Sanusi,&nbsp;Ahmad Razi Norhisham,&nbsp;Badrul Azhar","doi":"10.1111/btp.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tropical agricultural landscapes can support biodiversity, including forest spill-over species, shaped by habitat factors operating at multiple scales. Understanding these factors is crucial for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Using mist-netting data, this study examined how land-cover changes influence understorey birds and identified key factors at stand and landscape levels, along with a site-specific feature, affecting bird assemblages in agroforestry orchards, rubber tree, and oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. We captured 39 species over 9900 netting hours, with forest-associated species comprising 33% of the total. Agricultural type emerged as a primary driver of bird diversity, with agroforestry orchards supporting greater species richness and abundance. Canopy cover negatively influenced species richness, total abundance, and the occurrence of carnivorous/insectivorous and granivorous/frugivorous birds. Understorey vegetation height positively impacted bird total abundance. Elevation negatively influenced bird abundance and the occurrence of omnivores but positively affected forest-associated species. Distance to forest was negatively correlated with bird abundance and the occurrence of omnivorous birds. Our findings highlight agroforestry orchards as avian refuges and biological corridors that enhance landscape connectivity and ecosystem functioning in agricultural areas. Specifically, in our region, dense canopy cover in monoculture plantations reduced bird richness and abundance, likely due to reduced sunlight suppressing understorey vegetation and limiting resource availability. Conversely, agroforestry orchards with more open canopies and structurally complex vegetation supported a greater diversity of feeding guilds, including certain forest-associated species. These results underscore the importance of managing tropical farmland by maintaining understorey growth, increasing canopy heterogeneity, and reducing isolation from forest remnants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and mechanism of synchronous carbon and nitrogen removal from secondary effluent by denitrification coupled with partial-denitrification anammox","authors":"Qingfeng Cheng, Yanting Tu, Wenxing Zhao, Lichao Nengzi, Zhongyou Gong, Erdeng Du, Mingguo Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146604","url":null,"abstract":"In order to cost-effectively remove carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from secondary effluent (SE), a lab-scale denitrifying filter (DF) inoculated with anammox bacteria and acclimated hydrolytic bacteria was constructed, whose influent was the mixture of real SE and secondary influent (SI). With the improvement of the SI ratio, the effluent total nitrogen (TN) was progressively reduced, and the effluent COD and filtered TN were reduced to 8.94 and 0.85 mg/L with the corresponding removal rate (CRR) of 82.50 % and 96.19 %, separately. Organic matters, including polysaccharides, proteins and fluorescent organic matters, were efficiently removed by hydrolysis and denitrification, and most of the removed organic matters were eventually oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O. TN was removed efficiently by denitrification coupled with partial-denitrification anammox (PDA), which was demonstrated by only consuming 1.98 mg COD to remove 1 mg TN and the removal of 30.41 % of the removed TN though PDA. Multiple identified functional bacteria (anammox, denitrifying and hydrolytic bacteria) and the main functional genes were explained the efficient C and N removal and clarified the C and N removal mechanism. The novel technique cost-effectively removed C and N from SE without adding any chemical agents.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Effects of El Niño (2023–2024 ENSO) Drought on Predation Patterns of Lepidopteran Prey in an Urban-Agricultural Ecosystems","authors":"Janine C. Edradan,&nbsp;Asraf K. Lidasan,&nbsp;Christian Jay M. Sabanal,&nbsp;Pearl Ansel S. Dela Serna,&nbsp;Faith Molina,&nbsp;Xesca Michaela P. Delos Reyes,&nbsp;Tricksy S. Cabuyadao,&nbsp;Angelo R. Agduma,&nbsp;Kier C. Dela Cruz,&nbsp;Krizler C. Tanalgo","doi":"10.1111/btp.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>El Niño events can significantly disrupt ecosystem dynamics by altering species distribution, population size, and food web interactions, often leading to biodiversity losses and imbalances in ecological relationships. Although an understanding of El Niño-associated climate and weather changes is critical, their impact on ecological interactions in the tropics remains understudied. We investigated differences in the predation rate of lepidopteran larvae across El Niño phases within an urban-agricultural landscape in Southcentral Mindanao, the Philippines. Our results demonstrate notable variations throughout the El Niño phases. Predation rates were considerably higher in the pre-El Niño phase (mean ± SD = 18.24% ± 13.48%) than during the peak of the El Niño phase (mean ± SD = 6.41% ± 10.20%) and showed a slight, yet statistically insignificant, rise in the post-El Niño phase (mean = 9.48% ± 17.66%). Although predation by arthropods on herbivorous preys remained predominant during all periods, vertebrate predation was related to the warmer and drier conditions of El Niño associated with the 2023 ENSO. Our study provides initial insights into how El Niño events shape prey–predator relationships and sustain key ecological functions through species interactions, laying a crucial foundation for future research on the ecological impacts of El Niño droughts in tropical agro-urban systems. We highlight the importance of considering climate variability in predator–prey dynamics and recommend future studies on long-term recovery, habitat restoration, and climate-adaptive strategies to strengthen ecosystem resilience.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8982,"journal":{"name":"Biotropica","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Versus Climatic Controls on Soil Organic Carbon","authors":"Shaun A. Watmough,&nbsp;Chetwynd Osborne,&nbsp;M. Catherine Eimers,&nbsp;Colin J. Whitfield","doi":"10.1029/2025JG009050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JG009050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil texture and climate are considered the major controls on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage globally, and model simulations suggest that cooler regions of the planet will be more sensitive to SOC losses caused by climate warming. To investigate this pattern, we measured SOC and geochemical properties in surface (0–10 cm) mineral soil at 198 forested sites across the Boreal Plains, Boreal Shield, and Taiga Shield Ecozones in central Canada, where mean annual air temperature (MAT) ranged from −6.0 to +0.7°C. Across the five ecoregions, SOC was strongly related to soil organic matter (SOM) with SOC:SOM ratio of 0.47. Despite the substantial temperature gradient, we found that SOC was only weakly correlated with temperature, precipitation, and net primary productivity (NPP). Instead, SOC was strongly related (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.7) to soil geochemical properties with SOC increasing in finer textured soils that had higher concentrations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) and lower silica (Si) content. To extend the climate and soil geochemistry gradient, we expanded the analysis to include soils from temperate forests in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone of southeastern Canada as well as published data from natural shrublands and grassland sites spanning the Southern Hemisphere and found that the strong correlations between SOC, Al + Fe, and Si persisted. These data suggest that soil texture and geochemical properties provide protection to SOC, and relationships with geochemistry must be incorporated in Earth System Models to improve spatial prediction of SOC stocks and their sensitivity to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JG009050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An open-source application for ecodesign in conceptual 3D modelling with large language models support","authors":"Jorge Alcaide-Marzal, Jose Antonio Diego-Mas","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146589","url":null,"abstract":"Ecodesign has been a preeminent factor for design research for many years, and a high number of tools to support the environmental impact assessment of products under design have been proposed. Despite this, there is still a lack of CAD-based tools focused on the conceptual stage of the design process.","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifts in microbial metabolism for algal-derived organic matter utilization under dynamic oxygen conditions","authors":"Quanrui Chen, Changjie Dong, Yuguo Li, Quan Shi, Xiaoxia Chen, Kai Tang, Nianzhi Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118684","url":null,"abstract":"The increase prevalence of hypoxic zones worldwide requires a comprehensive understanding of how marine organic carbon cycles under these conditions to assess their impact on global carbon cycles and ecosystem health. This study, conducted within the seasonal hypoxia zone of the Yangtze River Estuary, investigates the effects of deoxygenation on the microbial utilization of algal-derived organic carbon. Culture experiments and molecular analyses revealed remarkable adaptability in the composition and metabolic pathways of heterotrophic bacterial communities in response to hypoxic conditions. Findings demonstrate that while initial rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) utilization are reduced under hypoxia, the consumption over time is comparable to conditions of deoxygenation gradually. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing highlighted notable shifts in microbial community dynamics, with a consistent increase in the roles of key heterotrophic bacterial groups such as <ce:italic>Rhodobacteraceae</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>Flavobacteriaceae</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>Vibrionaceae</ce:italic> in the transformation of organic carbon under reduced oxygen conditions. Importantly, hypoxia was found to induce more complex patterns observed in the transformations of dissolved organic sulfur. The depleted DOC molecules were predominantly composed of CHON and CHO. Under hypoxic conditions, unique microbial organic modules emerged, displaying positive correlations with dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) molecules, primarily involving the <ce:italic>Shewanellaceae</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Bacteroidetes</ce:italic>. This research reveals specific microbial responses and metabolic mechanisms involved in the transformation of algal-derived organic carbon under hypoxic conditions. These findings improve our understanding of organic carbon cycling processes in hypoxic waters and offer new insights for future research on microbially driven carbon cycling.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation of trace metals and health risk assessment in Commerson's dolphins, Cephalorhynchus commersonii, from the Southwestern Atlantic","authors":"Alejandro Ariel Fernandez, Iris Cáceres-Saez, Humberto Luis Cappozzo, Marcela Gerpe","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118679","url":null,"abstract":"Marine mammals, particularly odontocetes, are essential indicators of marine ecosystem health and are significantly impacted by environmental pollutants. This study examines the accumulation of essential and toxic trace metals in the liver and kidney tissues of Commerson's dolphins (16 females and 13 males) bycaught in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Essential metals like copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were detected in all samples, with Fe showing the highest concentration. Non-essential elements, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), were also detected. Chromium (Cr) was below detection limits in all samples. Cd concentrations exceeded unhealthy limits in some individuals, while Pb concentrations fell within subclinical effect thresholds, although no related symptoms were observed. Statistical analysis showed higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd in sexually mature dolphins, with no significant sex-related differences. Positive correlations between biological variables and trace metal concentrations in both organs were found. Overall, the findings underscore the role of Commerson's dolphins as bioindicators for monitoring marine pollution and its potential risks to human health, particularly highlighting the importance of considering sexual maturity and biological variables in assessments of metal accumulation.","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological evaluation of spiked and field-contaminated soils from agro-ecosystems in an industrial zone (Eloor, India) using Eisenia andrei","authors":"Lakshmi Gopakumar,&nbsp;Ammini Joseph,&nbsp;Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh,&nbsp;Jayesh Puthumana","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14464-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14464-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toxicity studies using soil invertebrates are valuable tools for assessing soil quality. This study evaluated the effects of field-collected and artificially spiked home garden soils on <i>Eisenia andrei</i>, focusing on both acute and chronic toxicity. Field soils from an industrial area (zone 1) contained elevated levels of zinc (43.76 mg/kg) and cadmium (183.07 mg/kg), which significantly impacted the earthworms’ growth, reproduction, and survival. Notable effects included high avoidance behaviour (&gt; 80%), the lowest LC₅₀ value (18.36% soil), a 28.95% reduction in biomass, and decreased cocoon hatchability (43.33%), compared to soils from less contaminated zones (zones 2 and 3). In spiked soils, LC₅₀ values followed the order: Zn (656.55 µg/g) &lt; Cd (107.65 µg/g) &lt; Zn + Cd (199.13 µg/g for Zn; 132.75 µg/g for Cd). The most pronounced biomass reduction occurred in both zone 1 soils (28.95%) and Zn + Cd treatments (74.36%), with cocoon hatchability similarly reduced (43.33% in zone 1 and 23.57% in Zn + Cd-treated soils). Bioconcentration analysis showed no significant metal accumulation in the earthworms from either field or spiked soils. The Mixed Toxicity Index (MTI) suggested an antagonistic interaction between Zn and Cd (MTI &lt; 0), indicating that the presence of one metal may lessen the toxicity of the other. These findings highlight the harmful effects of industrial soil contaminants on soil invertebrates and emphasize the potential for mitigating these impacts through strategic soil nutrient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Commission’s regulatory proposal on new genomic techniques in plants: a focus on equivalence, complexity, and artificial intelligence","authors":"Juliane Mundorf,&nbsp;Samson Simon,&nbsp;Margret Engelhard","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01199-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01199-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European Commission has proposed to amend the EU GMO regulation, exempting certain genetically modified plants generated with new genomic techniques (NGTs) from risk assessment. In the suggested <i>lex specialis</i> so-called “category 1 NGT plants” would be treated as equivalent to conventionally bred plants, if they meet threshold-based criteria, which limit the number and size of induced genetic changes. Here, we critically analyze the scientific validity of these thresholds and show that the proposal oversimplifies genetic complexity—disregarding the biological context, mutational bias, and functional consequences. The proposal’s central claim of equivalence between NGT1 plants and conventionally bred plants is thus scientifically unfounded. Many conceivable genetic modifications produced with NGTs—including those created with CRISPR prime editing and AI-assisted design—could be highly complex and exceed the capabilities of conventional breeding. Nevertheless, the regulatory proposal treats all possible genetic changes as equally likely and overlooks the purpose and function of genetic edits. By eliminating case-by-case risk assessment, the proposal creates a regulatory gap that allows complex and novel traits to bypass scrutiny—undermining the EU’s legally binding precautionary principle. In contrast, a risk-based regulatory approach is needed to ensure safe and future-proof oversight of NGT plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01199-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling Machine Learning and the SWAT Model to Estimate the Concentration, Load, and Ecological Risk of Bisphenol Analogues in a River Basin: A Novel Framework for Data-Scarce Emerging Contaminants","authors":"Sheng Zhang, Xin Qian, Chaosheng Zhang, Yifan Fan, Shaoyan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139860","url":null,"abstract":"The aquatic environment faces significant pollution from bisphenol analogues (BPs), a major class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their occurrence and environmental hazards. However, the time, effort, and cost of field sampling and analysis make large-scale, long-term monitoring of BPs pollution impractical. To address this, we developed a basin-scale simulation model by coupling machine learning with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate concentration distribution, load, and ecological risks of BPs, specifically bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB), in an urbanized river basin (Qinhuai River Basin) from 2021 to 2024. The model used 5 machine learning algorithms, and a data augmentation technique based on Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Results demonstrated that the SMOTE-augmented Random Forest (SMOTE-RF) model significantly outperformed the standalone RF model, with <em>R</em>² values for the BPA and BPB validation set increasing from 0.787 to 0.880, and from 0.765 to 0.907, respectively. The concentrations of BPs were higher during dry periods compared with flood period, particularly in sub-basins affected by the effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Pollutant loads of BPs were strongly influenced by river flow and the proportion of urban land use in each sub-basin. The estimated annual average loads of BPA and BPB entering the Yangtze River from the Qinhuai River were 86.6<!-- --> <!-- -->kg/yr and 30.7<!-- --> <!-- -->kg/yr, respectively. Ecological risk assessments classified BPA as posing medium to high risk, while BPB posed low risk. Reducing point-source emissions from WWTPs was identified as an effective strategy for controlling these risks. The coupled modeling framework developed in this study provides a valuable reference for managing emerging contaminants.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}