环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Pollution characteristics, source analysis and risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances of Kui River.","authors":"Shilong Wu, LuCheng Zhang, Yi She, Gang Kang, Xuemo Liu, ZiHui Xu, TingWei Huai, Rong Li, Lin Qi, MingQing Zhang","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgag144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the pollution distribution characteristics and ecological risk levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface water of the Kui River, this study tested 17 PFAS in the surface water and analyzed their pollution levels in the local aquatic environment. Results showed PFAS were ubiquitous in the Kui River, with ΣPFAS concentrations ranging from 241.83 to 700.09 ng·L-1. The main pollutants were perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with average concentrations of 124.62, 127.26, and 188.47 ng·L-1, respectively. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) composition had distinct seasonal variations: PFBA dominated in the wet season, while PFOA prevailed in the dry season. Principal component analysis indicated PFAS pollution mainly originated from food packaging, surfactant production, plastics, and metal plating/textiles. Ecological risk assessment showed most PFAS posed low risks; only PFOA had low risk at all dry-season sampling sites, and mixture Risk Quotient (RQmix) posed a general low-level risk. Health risk assessment found Hazard Quotient (HQ) values of seven PFAS for all age groups ranged from 1.36E-4 to 0.247. PFOA exposure had HQ > 0.1 (low hazard), while the other six showed no significant hazard. However, HQmix exceeded 0.1 for all four age groups, indicating adverse health effects. Future attention should focus on the management of dynamic PFAS sources and the combined risk posed by PFAS mixtures in the Kui River.</p>","PeriodicalId":11793,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated computational and experimental identification of Aurora A kinase inhibitors for breast cancer therapy.","authors":"J Singh, S Mishra, I Irfan, S A Amin, E Verma","doi":"10.1080/1062936X.2026.2746034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1062936X.2026.2746034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to identify potential Aurora A kinase (AURKA) inhibitors using an integrated computational and experimental approach. A total of 281 curated AURKA inhibitors from the ChEMBL database, with IC₅₀ ≤ 1 nM, were analysed using physicochemical descriptors and clustering techniques, with <i>K</i>-means showing the best performance (0.504). The compounds were grouped into three clusters and used to generate a pharmacophore model. Hydrogen-bond acceptors, donors, hydrophobicity, and aromatic rings were identified as key pharmacophoric features. Among the generated models, ADDRR and AAADR exhibited the best PhaseHypoScore and ROC values. These validated models screened approximately 800 FDA-approved drugs from the ZINC database. Molecular docking found that rucaparib (ZINC000000025958; C1), riboflavin (ZINC000002036848; C2), and imiquimod (ZINC000019632912; C3) were effective AURKA inhibitors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MM-GBSA analysis indicated that the C1 protein-ligand complex maintained structural integrity and favourable binding energetics throughout the simulation trajectory. Further, in vitro MTT assays demonstrated significant dose-dependent anticancer activity and reduced AURKA expression in MCF-7 cells, highlighting rucaparib's potential for breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21446,"journal":{"name":"SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption behavior of nanoplastics from water onto magnetic biochar in single and binary heavy metal systems: A combined experimental and DFT study.","authors":"Yan Jiao, Xiaofei Xu, Tingting Liu, Chenguang Zhang, Xiuli Shen, Xincheng Chen, Jingpeng Zhou, Fuli Yang, Shaoqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.125982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.125982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coexisting metals can alter the removal of nanoplastics by magnetic biochar, but comparisons between single- and mixed-metal treatments depend on the concentrations used. We evaluated the apparent uptake of dispersed polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics by magnetic biochar (MBC) under metal-free, Pb(II), Zn(II), and binary Pb(II)/Zn(II) conditions. Each metal was added at 50 mg L^-1 in the corresponding treatment. At an initial PS concentration of 100 mg L^-1, the apparent uptake capacities were 24.25, 19.40, 14.48, and 21.14 mg g^-1, respectively. The binary value was numerically higher than either single-metal value but remained below the metal-free control. Because the binary treatment contained twice the total metal concentration of each single-metal treatment, the observed binary response reflects the combined influence of metal composition and total loading. Control measurements showed metal-associated changes in PS aggregation, while SEM-EDS and XPS analyses detected Pb and Zn on recovered MBC and indicated changes in the surface chemical environment. Selected finite-cluster calculations further illustrated configuration-dependent local metal arrangements and electronic redistribution at the modeled PS-MBC interface. Together, these results establish a treatment-dependent adsorption response under defined batch conditions and indicate that metal identity, total loading, and local interfacial configuration jointly influence dispersed PS removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"125982"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A blessing or a curse? The impact of artificial intelligence innovation on corporate energy efficiency.","authors":"Xu Dong, Shuai Lv, Shubin Yang, Xiaomeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) innovation influences corporate energy efficiency and the underlying mechanisms. We develop a general equilibrium model incorporating energy input and endogenous AI technology to explain how AI innovation improves energy efficiency through production process optimization. Using a deep-learning-based text identification, we develop a firm-level measure of AI innovation for Chinese listed companies over the period 2008-2022. Our empirical results show that AI innovation significantly improves corporate energy efficiency, while the mechanism analysis provides evidence consistent with production process optimization as an important transmission channel. This positive effect is stronger among firms operating in key technological sectors and capital-intensive industries. Further, we find that disruptive AI innovation produces a larger effect than general AI innovation. We also document that local governments' attention to AI development and intra-firm data sharing strengthen the energy-efficiency gains associated with AI innovation. This study contributes to research on digital innovation and firm sustainability by showing how AI-driven innovation translates into efficiency-enhancing outcomes through organizational and data-governance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"419 ","pages":"131176"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spatiotemporal framework for assessing hypoxic risk to riverine aquatic life: from summary data to actionable insight in India.","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Soma Das Sarkar, Chayna Jana, Malay Naskar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16010-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-16010-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Riverine hypoxia, oxygen depletion in flowing waters, poses ecological risk, yet its spatial and temporal dynamics remain poorly characterized. This study presents a novel risk-based spatiotemporal framework for assessing riverine hypoxia across Indian river systems, utilizing 18,976 site-year summary data points (annual minimum, mean, maximum) across 87 sub-basins over 17 years. We conceptualized 'contextual hypoxic risk' as the probability of summary statistics falling below a critical threshold (4.0 mg L⁻¹), distinguishing emerging, intermittent, and perennial hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic risks were estimated under an empirical Bayes (Poisson-Gamma hierarchical framework) to address overdispersion and stabilize standard error. Sub-basin-level aggregation mitigated site selection bias, yielding hydrologically meaningful and analytical units that facilitates policy decision. Of observations, 47% (8914) were emerging hypoxic events, 7% (1328) intermittent, and 1% (190) perennial. At least one severe hypoxic event (DO < 2.0 mg L⁻¹) occurred at approximately 25% of sites-significantly exceeding the global average (12.6%). Spatial analysis revealed pronounced heterogeneity, with hypoxic risk ranging from 0 to 50%, and northwestern and Gangetic sub-basins exhibiting high hypoxic risks and faster intensification. While hypoxic occurrences revealed upward national trend, hypoxic risk showed transient patterns. Space-time interaction analysis indicated statistically significant accelerating risk trajectories-particularly for perennial and intermittent types-across six key sub-basins. By coupling probabilistic risk modelling with spatial smoothing and trajectory steepness diagnostics, this framework quantifies both spatial variability and temporal intensification of riverine hypoxia. The scalable, reproducible framework is applicable to other developing regions. Findings underscore urgent need for adaptive, sub-basin-scale management to prevent progressive establishment of chronic hypoxic regimes in India's river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar for post-war land remediation in Ukraine: A critical review supported by bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Olha Shomko, Iryna Davydova, Marco Bartoli, Elena Maestri","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjag167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjag167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This critical review analyzes the current state of scientific research on biochar in Europe and examines its potential use for post-war restoration and improvement of soil fertility in Ukraine. A bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the Scopus and Web of Science databases for the period 2014-2023 was conducted using VOSviewer visualization and data processing methods. The analysis identified the main areas of research and gaps in knowledge that are relevant to the future application of this technology in Ukraine. Moreover, remote sensing methodologies were employed to identify potential remediation requirements in the Ukrainian territory. This involved the analysis of changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) of a part of Ukraine's agricultural territory situated along the frontline, prior to and following a period of three years during a full-scale war. The results revealed changes in vegetation and moisture levels, indicating land degradation in the border area under study. However, these observations do not constitute direct evidence of soil contamination or the effectiveness of biochar; rather, they indicate areas where further field studies and an assessment of restoration measures are needed. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis was used as a strategic discussion tool to identify the opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation of biochar in Ukraine. This review also identifies the main scientific uncertainties, barriers, economic aspects, and research priorities that should be considered before the large-scale implementation of biochar-based technologies in Ukraine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially toxic elements across nearshore-beach sediment interfaces: Source apportionment and probabilistic risk assessment in the northern Beibu Gulf.","authors":"Caixia Wen, Qiongyuan Su, Liangliang Huang, Yangzhao Sun, Peicen Wei, Shijie Song, Jie Ma, Mingyue Tan, Xiaohong Song, Ruigang Yang, Fuling Mao, Yuequn Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in coastal sediments poses increasing threats to marine ecosystems and human health. This study quantified eight potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in nearshore and beach surface sediments collected from 18 and 24 sites in the northern waters of the Beibu Gulf, respectively. Principal component analysis, positive matrix factorization, and Monte Carlo simulation were integrated to resolve sources and probabilistic risks. In nearshore sediments, Cd and As concentrations exceeded regional background values by 29.91-fold and 2.18-fold, respectively. Bay-specific comparisons showed significantly higher Cd concentrations in beach sediments than in corresponding nearshore sediments in EB and BE, whereas the mean contamination factors of Hg and As were higher in beach sediments overall. Source apportionment indicated contributions from maritime transport and tourism, aquaculture and agriculture, and industrial activities. Cd dominated the ecological risk assessment, with a sensitivity exceeding 96%, resulting in a high overall ecological risk across the coastal zone. Under the adopted recreational exposure assumptions, non-carcinogenic health-risk estimates for beach-sediment exposure remained below the screening benchmark. These findings identify Cd and As as priority contaminants for source control, targeted beach monitoring, and risk management for sensitive populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120473"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging dynamics and subsequent dissolved organic matter evolution of microplastics regulated by UV-salinity conditions.","authors":"Nan Zhou, Chun Liu, Rujie Li, Jun Zhu, Xiya Zhou, Yu Mao, Xule Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of marine microplastics (MPs) and their release of plastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) have raised growing concern, yet comparative assessments of conventional polyolefins versus biodegradable polyesters under synergistic UV-salinity stress remain limited. Here, we systematically compared the surface alteration and DOM release of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polylactic acid (PLA) across a salinity gradient (0, 15, and 30 PSU; Practical Salinity Unit) under UV-exposed and dark conditions over 60 days. UV irradiation markedly accelerated aging in all three MP types, as evidenced by progressive enrichment of oxygen-containing functional groups. For PE and PP, increased salinity further intensified photo-oxidative degradation, and released DOM exhibited optical shifts from protein-like toward humic-like fluorescence signatures characterized by elevated SUVA₂₅₄ and HIX values. In contrast, PLA degradation was consistent with ester bond hydrolysis, producing 2-6 times greater DOM yields than PE and PP, with released DOM dominated by protein-like fluorescence components. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) indicated that UV exposure exerted stronger effects than salinity on the surface oxidation of PE and PP (β = 0.39-0.41 vs. 0.20-0.31), while salinity showed no significant effect on PLA aging. These findings reveal contrasting pathways by which conventional and biodegradable MPs contribute to marine dissolved organic carbon pools, providing a basis for assessing their differential environmental behaviors under variable salinity regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent and Joint Associations of Long-Term Ambient Meteorological Exposures and Socioeconomic Deprivation with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jinqun Cheng, Ge Chen, Yanhui Gao, Gregory Y H Lip, Xuejiao Chen, Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although acute meteorological events are recognized cardiovascular hazards, the combined cardiovascular impacts of long-term meteorological exposures and socioeconomic deprivation remain poorly characterized. Among 469,347 UK Biobank participants, we evaluated independent and interactive associations of 1-year average ambient temperature, relative humidity, and the Townsend deprivation index (TDI) with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular death. Over median 13.7-year follow-up, 31,626 MACE, 12,565 strokes, 17,062 MIs, and 7,161 cardiovascular deaths occurred. In Cox models, the highest versus lowest temperature category was associated with lower MACE risk (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.91), whereas high humidity (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14) and high deprivation (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.34-1.44) were independently associated with elevated risk. Under a counterfactual assigning the least deprived category's risk to both more deprived categories, 11.75% (95% CI, 9.68-13.77%) of incident MACE and 17.15% (12.68-21.39%) of cardiovascular deaths over 10 years would be attributable to deprivation (total-effect specification, omitting smoking, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes; fully adjusted, 6.67% and 11.09%). Temperature and humidity showed multiplicative interactions with TDI: versus the joint low-risk reference, low temperature with high deprivation had HR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40-1.71) for MACE and high humidity with high deprivation HR 1.51 (1.34-1.71); additive interactions were significant only at intermediate temperature or intermediate humidity (RERI, 0.20 and 0.16). The deprivation gradient was stable in every sensitivity analysis; the temperature association did not persist within assessment centres, nor the humidity association under a time-varying specification, although both persisted across exposure windows and air-pollution adjustment. These findings indicate that long-term lower temperatures and higher humidity, together with socioeconomic deprivation, are independently and jointly associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, underscoring the need for integrated climate and social welfare policies to mitigate health disparities in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"129375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air pollution and sectoral anthropogenic emissions in Pakistan: a comprehensive review","authors":"Muhammad Hafeez Rasheed,&nbsp;Shuya Guo,&nbsp;Siwen Wang,&nbsp;Zhiliang Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11869-026-02132-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-026-02132-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution poses a severe public health challenge in Pakistan, primarily driven by rapid industrial expansion and fossil fuel-based energy production from coal-, oil-, and natural gas-fired power plants. This review synthesizes emission data from the power sector, with other major contributing sectors, including industry, transportation, residential and commercial activities, agriculture, and waste management, to characterize pollutant profiles and regulatory measures within Pakistan. Following a PRISMA-style literature review, we screened relevant studies from major scientific databases. The dominant pollutants identified include PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO_X, SO₂, O₃, CO, VOC_S, CO₂, and black carbon (BC). We integrated operational data from coal-, oil-, and gas-fired power plants with global emission inventories (EDGAR) and satellite observations (TROPOMI). Unlike previous sector-specific studies, this review provides a comprehensive multi-sector analysis by combining plant-level data, inventory estimates, and satellite data to pinpoint key emission hotspots across Pakistan. Coal-fired power plants located in coastal and industrial zones have been identified as major emission hotspots. Notable deficiencies persist, including the widespread absence of continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), insufficient ambient air quality monitoring near major sources, limited availability of Pakistan-specific emission factors, and inadequate understanding of secondary pollutant formation mechanisms. This study frames Pakistan’s air pollution challenge through a cross-sector view. By comparing sectoral contributions, we highlight priority areas for research and monitoring while supporting evidence-based mitigation planning by integrating emission sources with monitoring deficiencies and policy shortcomings. To effectively combat air pollution, this study recommends the urgent adoption of advanced control technologies, improvement in fuel quality, expanded real-time monitoring networks, and stricter enforcement of environmental regulations. These measures are essential for reducing exposure, protecting public health, and supporting sustainable development in Pakistan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}