环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Carbon Accumulation in Tropical Dry Forests and Savannas Despite Widespread Land‐Cover Change, Revealed by Radar Remote Sensing","authors":"Sam B. Harrison, John L. Godlee, David T. Milodowski, Reza Asiyabi, Penelope J. Mograbi, Zhofre Aguirre, Jarcilene S. Almeida, George K. D. Ametsitsi, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Sally Archibald, Luzmila Arroyo Padilla, Lorena Benitez, Samuel J. Bowers, Thomas K. Brade, Domingos Cardoso, João M. B. Carreiras, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Duncan Chalo, Halidou Compaore, Isabela S. C. da Costa, Ítalo Antônio Cotta Coutinho, Eder C. das Neves, Vera De Cauwer, Tony César de Sousa Oliveira, Hermane Diesse, Tomas F. Domingues, Fernando Elias, Camila Laís Farrapo, G. Feig, Ted R. Feldpausch, Moabe F. Fernandes, David R. Galbraith, Nestor I. Gasparri, Emanuel Gloor, Francisco Maiato, Tatenda Gotore, Karollyne S. Guimarães, Gloria Gutierrez‐Sibauty, Rhett D. Harrison, Thomas P. Higginbottom, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Hamza Issifu, John Ngugi Kigomo, Timothy J. Killeen, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, José Romualdo S. Lima, Dante Loto, Elisvan Mariano Sousa, Beatriz S. Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo, Antonia M. L. Marques, Matheus Santos Martins, Collins W. Masinde, Musingo Tito E. Mbuvi, Iain M. McNicol, Karina Melgaço, B. Mogonong, Peter W. Moonlight, Paulo S. Morandi, Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato, Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura, Anderson Muchawona, Jonathan Ilunga Muledi, Leena Naftal, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Catherine L. Parr, Nayane Cristina C. S. Prestes, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Desirée M. Ramos, Simone Matias Reis, Natasha S. Ribeiro, Raphael R. Rocha, Priscyla Maria Silva Rodrigues, Gustavo Saiz, Rubens M. Santos, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Domingos Fortunato P. F. da Silva, Kathleen G. Smart, Bonaventure Sonké, Elmar Veenendaal, Chemuku Wekesa, Lucy H. Wells, Débora Zuanny, Timothy R. Baker, Kyle G. Dexter, Gabriele C. Hegerl, R. Toby Pennington, Oliver L. Phillips, Stephen Sitch, Ann Carla Staver, Mathew Williams, Shaun Quegan, Steven Hancock, Nicole Helene Augustin, Casey M. Ryan","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71141","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate mapping of woody biomass and its temporal change is critical for understanding the global carbon balance, informing restoration and supporting evidence‐based policy on climate mitigation and livelihoods. The vegetation of the dry tropics, comprised largely of dry forests and savannas, holds substantial woody carbon stocks, but both stocks and change over time remain uncertain. Where Earth Observation (EO) data have been used to estimate change over time, different products give conflicting results on the direction, magnitude and location of change. We present pan‐dry‐tropical maps of aboveground carbon density (AGCD) and AGCD change at 100 m resolution for the years 2015–2024, developed using ALOS ScanSAR satellite radar observations calibrated with in situ measurements ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 237). These maps suggest an aboveground woody carbon pool (AGC) in the dry tropics of 25.3 2.0 PgC, ~13.0% of global AGC. Net AGC has increased by 0.43 0.07 PgC yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , ~20.0% of the global net land sink. The overall net increase (0.43 PgC yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) is comprised of gross losses from deforestation and degradation (0.27 0.05 PgC yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) and gains due to densification and extensification of 0.59 0.1 PgC yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , with the balance accounted for by small changes (change &lt; 20% of AGCD; 0.11 PgC yr <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). Losses are equally split between degradation and deforestation, while gains are divided roughly 2:1 between the densification of woody ecosystems and expansion into previously grass‐dominated areas. These new maps, created with a dry‐tropics‐specific EO method, highlight the importance of tropical dry forests and savannas in the global carbon cycle. The prominent role of degradation‐related losses suggests that climate change mitigation will need to focus much more on reducing losses from overharvesting than at present. The widespread increases in carbon density and the increase in tree biomass into open systems present major challenges for biodiversity conservation, restoration and livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Generalism Shapes Tolerance to Extreme Heatwaves in Estuarine Fishes","authors":"Angus Mitchell, David J. Booth, Sean D. Connell, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken","doi":"10.1111/gcb.71143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.71143","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is widely expected to push many taxa beyond their biological limits, yet some populations persist in environments that routinely experience climatic extremes. This raises a fundamental question: does their thermal tolerance reflect species‐level thermal generalism (an evolved capacity to maintain performance across a broad thermal range) or population‐specific acclimation to local conditions (phenotypic plasticity)? Distinguishing between these alternatives is key for predicting whether tolerance to climatic extremes will generalise across species distributions or remain restricted to heat‐tolerant populations. To test these competing hypotheses, we quantified physiological performance (at cellular and organismal levels) in three economically important estuarine fish ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Acanthopagrus australis</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> , <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Sillago ciliata</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Rhabdosargus sarba</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ) collected from 20 sites across 15 estuaries along a ~1000‐km latitudinal gradient spanning their core and poleward range edges. Sites differed in thermal variability, including some that intermittently exceeded the severest end‐of‐century climate projections. We then experimentally exposed two of the fish species from low and high thermal variability sites to moderate (+2°C, 14 days) or extreme (+4°C, 7 days) simulated marine heatwave events, assessing 12 physiological and behavioural proxies. All three species collected in situ maintained comparable physiological performance across sites of contrasting thermal variability. Both experimental species, each collected from a single high‐ and low‐variability site, tolerated heatwave conditions regardless of thermal history or heatwave intensity, supporting species‐level thermal generalism rather than population‐specific acclimation. In the absence of heatwave conditions, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>S. ciliata</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> from high‐variability sites also showed steeper allometric scaling and faster growth at 26 versus 24°C experimental control temperatures, suggesting this species may benefit from the warmer baseline temperatures projected under gradual climate change. Combined, our findings support thermal generalism as the primary driver of tolerance in estuarine fishes to climatic extremes, with important implications for the fisheries they support under climate change.","PeriodicalId":175,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation in conservation publishing.","authors":"T Yoh, J Willis Key, I Trung, G Salazar, W Pusparini, R Oyanedel, R Nuijten, B Mustafa, V K Muposhi, C Lamb, T Kuiper, M Khanyari, M J M Holle, T Gupta, M Grace, C S Fukushima, F Carrasco-Rueda, S Brittain, V M Shirey, R Bashyal, R Rocha, P Cardoso, D Veríssimo","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a persistent underrepresentation of marginalized voices in academic literature, including that for ecology and conservation. Such exclusion hampers career progression, perpetuating disadvantages for historically marginalized groups in the field, with implications for the direction of conservation research. Diverse perspectives foster novel thinking, strengthen innovation, and ensure research reflects the full spectrum of challenges faced by communities. To assess this underrepresentation, we analyzed self-reported demographic data for authors of scientific articles to explore demographic trends and how they shifted between 2010 and 2020. The journals chosen were listed as conservation-related by three or more of the five major journal indices. We used the same dimensions of diversity to assess editor demographics in 2021. In total, 2152 authors and 241 editors completed the survey (response rate: 21.5% authors; 29.5% editors). We found that overall author diversity across multiple traits (Rao's Q) increased between 2010 and 2020. Most notably, the representation of women increased from 29.5% to 35.6% of authors. However, women from lower-middle- or low-income countries still represented <1% of authors, and most dimensions of diversity saw little change over a decade. In 2020-2021, 80% of authors and 76% of editors self-identified as White; over three-quarters of respondents across years lived in high-income countries; and nationals of three countries (the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia) represented 34% of authors and 49% of editors (5% of the global population). Our study findings highlight the importance of considering intersectionality, as respondents spanning multiple marginalized identities were disproportionately underrepresented. Overall, our work highlights how a lack of representation continues to characterize academic publishing in conservation and ecology but shows signs of positive change. There is evidence that gender-based initiatives are having a positive effect, yet more work is needed to enhance representation across other dimensions of diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aging Microplastics and Embedded Light Stabilizers on Extracellular Substances Secreted by Chlorella vulgaris.","authors":"Ganning Zeng, Yan Hong, Shixian Wen, Chenlei Dong, Tiansheng Chen, Peirui Liu, Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental release of chemical additives from aging microplastics (MPs) and the associated ecological risks have attracted increasing research attention. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on the biological impacts of light stabilizers leached from aging MPs remain limited. In particular, the divergent toxic impacts of leachates derived from pristine versus aged stabilizer-modified MPs remain poorly elucidated. Herein, a multi-dimensional toxicological evaluation integrating physiological responses, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, and transcriptomic profiling was conducted. Four typical light stabilizers (TiO₂, HS-944, BP-3, NBC) were compounded with polyethylene (PE) microspheres to construct composite MPs, and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was employed as the model aquatic microalgae to explore algal response to leachates from both pristine and aged composite systems, focusing on extracellular secretion and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Results revealed that light stabilizers synchronously released during MPs aging significantly interfered with photosynthetic performance and energy metabolism of C. vulgaris, and profoundly reshaped algal extracellular secretion profiles of proteins, polysaccharides, and their subsequent assembly into transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs). Such toxic disturbances mainly stem from impaired light absorption and transduction by photosynthetic pigments, disordered cell cycle, and oxidative stress-mediated modulation of intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression. As the most toxic agent among the four tested stabilizers, BP-3 exposure exhibited unique dual effects. Pristine BP-3/PE significantly elevated algal mortality and overproduction of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides, whereas aged BP-3/PE composites strongly suppressed TEP formation as a stress-adaptive extracellular response. These findings elucidate the toxicological characteristics and underlying molecular mechanisms of microalgal responses to aging-derived light stabilizer contamination, providing fundamental scientific evidence for the ecological risk management and pollution control of aquatic MPs contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"129371"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-scale mapping and nonlinear attribution of heavy metal(loid)s in urban soils using spatially enhanced machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Haoyu Wang, Yong Zhu, Rongyang Li, Hongbei Gao, Cheng Liu, Shengdao Shan, Nicholas Clarke","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sparse sampling and spatial heterogeneity constrain the prediction of heavy metal(loid)s in urban soils. Using 77 composite surface-soil samples from Hangzhou, China, we compared Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Regression (SVR) for eight elements under three predictor schemes: environmental variables (ENV), ENV with local spatial lags (ENV + SL), and ENV + SL with interpolation-derived predictors (ENV + SL + SP). Standalone interpolation and ENV-based regression kriging provided additional comparisons. Selected models achieved pooled out-of-fold R² values of 0.322-0.555, with the lowest value for Cd and the highest for Pb. XGBoost performed best for six elements, whereas SVR performed best for Mn and Pb. ENV + SL + SP was selected for seven elements, while Pb was best predicted by ENV-only SVR. The best ENV + SL + SP models exceeded the stronger ordinary kriging or inverse distance weighting baseline by 0.040-0.343 in R². Residual kriging improved ENV-only predictions in 15 of 24 comparisons. ENV-only SHAP analysis identified element-specific associations with soil properties, vegetation, precipitation, and road proximity. Predictions were generated for 82,782 grid cells at 250 m resolution. Conditional residual-bootstrap ranges for background-exceedance area were approximately 79-85% for As, 83-91% for Cd, 52-62% for Cu, and 43-54% for Zn. Based on out-of-fold exceedance detection, maps for As, Cu, and Zn may help prioritize confirmatory sampling, whereas those for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb should primarily support preliminary screening. Independent field validation remains necessary, and low predicted concentrations cannot exclude localized hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"419 ","pages":"131206"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indo-Gangetic Plain experiences higher aerosol pollution than North China Plain despite lower emissions.","authors":"Maya Nolles, Tabish Ansari","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38305-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38305-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of aerosol pollution in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and the North China Plain (NCP), two of the world's most populated regions, against their anthropogenic emissions. Utilizing CAMS EAC4 reanalysis, CAMS-GLOB-ANT emission inventories, and ERA5 meteorological data for the year 2019, we analyze the seasonally changing relationship between PM-forming emissions and ambient PM_2.5 concentrations. We find a significant disparity: despite the NCP emitting 65% more total anthropogenic particulates and precursors annually (28,860 KT vs. 17,464 KT), the IGP suffers higher annual average PM_2.5 concentrations (123.6 vs. 113.2 µg/m3). Temporal and episode analyses reveal that large swathes of both regions are engulfed in polluted air during much of the year, with some respite during the summer and monsoon seasons. The NCP, with lower annual average PM_2.5, records more total \"bad air quality\" days (251 vs. 238), while the IGP is characterized by fewer but more prolonged episodes, with extreme stagnation events in the Delhi region lasting up to 170 consecutive days. To quantify the regional contrast in atmospheric response, we introduce the \"Pollution Forming Efficiency\" (PFE) metric. Our results show that during winter, the IGP's PFE is nearly double that of the NCP, meaning that the IGP atmosphere converts unit emissions into ambient concentrations far more effectively. We identify regional meteorology as the primary driver; the IGP is characterized by stagnant winds (< 6 km/h) and a shallow planetary boundary layer (< 300 m) leading to a consistently lower ventilation coefficient that inhibits vertical mixing and dispersion of pollution. Ultimately, our findings reveal that there is an inherent meteorological vulnerability to the IGP, and therefore, any economic growth strategy in this region must account for its limited carrying capacity. Recognizing that the IGP atmosphere uniquely amplifies the health impact of every kilogram emitted is the first step toward securing a breathable future for the more than one billion people who call these plains home.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio‐temporal dynamics of ringed seal density and habitat use in the Arctic's Last Ice Area","authors":"Roxanne D. MacLean, Gregory W. Thiemann, Steven H. Ferguson, Katie R.N. Florko, Cody G. Carlyle, Kelsey F. Johnson, Lisa C. Matthes, Christine Michel, Brent G. Young, David J. Yurkowksi","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08562","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is warming at approximately four times the global rate, driving widespread decline in sea ice extent, thickness, and seasonal duration. The ecological consequences of these rapid changes remain poorly understood within the Last Ice Area, a region that includes northern Ellesmere Island and the northwest of Greenland, projected to retain summer sea ice the longest and to serve as a refuge for ice‐associated species. Our understanding of distributional shifts for ice‐associated species often comes from research at the southern extent of their ranges; however, knowledge of these shifts in the northern extents of their ranges remains limited. We conducted aerial surveys between 2018 and 2024 in both spring and summer to quantify spatio‐temporal variation in the density of the most abundant ice‐associated mesopredator in the Arctic, ringed seals <jats:italic>Pusa hispida</jats:italic> , and to model their habitat use relative to several habitat characteristics. Ringed seal densities varied spatially and temporally across the survey area, with the highest densities occurring in Archer Fiord in summer. Densities across the study area were still relatively low compared to more southern areas of the Arctic. Ringed seal abundance in summer was higher in deeper waters and closer to marine‐terminating glaciers, reflecting the species' ecological requirements such as prey availability during the intensive summer foraging period. Ringed seal abundance in both spring and summer was not influenced by sea ice concentration, likely because this variable remains relatively constant year‐round in the Last Ice Area. The density estimates and the habitat use model presented in this study offer novel insights into seal–habitat seasonal relationships in the Last Ice Area, providing a valuable index for monitoring potential future changes in ringed seal habitat use in this ecologically important region of the Arctic and across the broader extent of their range.","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the spatial heterogeneity of pine wilt disease spread in China through Geographical Pattern Causality analysis.","authors":"Wei Yang, Hongwei Zhou, Haochang Hu, Wenlu Wang, Haojie Zhang, Guofei Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pine wilt disease (PWD) is one of the most destructive invasive forest diseases in China, yet the environmental drivers underlying its spatially heterogeneous spread remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of natural PWD dispersal, identify persistent hotspots, and determine region-specific environmental drivers of PWD habitat suitability. We developed an integrated framework combining dispersal screening, biomod2 ensemble modelling, SaTScan spatiotemporal scan statistics, and Geographical Pattern Causality (GPC) analysis to examine PWD spread and its environmental drivers at national and regional scales. Natural dispersal increased markedly after 2016 and reached a peak of 9728 newly affected subcompartments in 2020. At the national scale, Altitude, mean diurnal temperature range (Bio2), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were the dominant determinants of habitat suitability, with relative importance values of 27.52%, 25.29%, and 21.87%, respectively. However, GPC analysis confirmed pronounced spatial heterogeneity among the SaTScan-identified hotspot regions during the outbreak period. In hotspot region A, Aspect and Slope showed the strongest positive causal relationships on PWD suitability, with causal strengths of 0.361 and 0.284, respectively. In contrast, Altitude and Slope showed strong negative effects in hotspot region C, with strengths of 0.591 and 0.520, respectively. Wind speed showed negative causal relationships with PWD habitat suitability across all hotspot regions. These findings demonstrate that the environmental drivers of PWD vary substantially across spatial scales and hotspot regions, highlighting the importance of incorporating regional heterogeneity into PWD monitoring, risk assessment, and differentiated management.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"419 ","pages":"131205"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of heavy metals in pregnant women: linking urinary biomarkers, indoor dust contamination, and air quality in Isfahan, Iran.","authors":"Maryam Moradnia, Hossein Movahedian Attar, Yaghoub Hajizadeh, Mohammad Darvishmotevalli, Afsane Chavoshani","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03508-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-026-03508-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors, including heavy metals from indoor dust and ambient air. This study evaluated chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in paired urine and indoor vacuum dust samples from 80 pregnant women in Isfahan, Iran. Metal concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Significant spatial variability across urban zones was observed for urinary metal concentrations and the Air Quality Index (both p < 0.001), whereas dust metal concentrations showed no significant spatial differences, including dust Pb (p = 0.514). In indoor dust, metal concentrations followed the order Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd, with Pb showing the highest mean concentration (111.10 μg/g). Urinary concentrations followed the order Pb > Cr > Ni, with mean concentrations of 10.52, 8.30, and 4.14 μg/L, respectively. Building age was strongly correlated with dust Pb levels (ρ = 0.788, p < 0.001). However, dust and urinary metal profiles were not significantly correlated, indicating that environmental contamination does not translate linearly into maternal internal exposure. These findings highlight diverse environmental, dietary, and behavioral pathways influencing maternal metal burden. Integrated multi-matrix assessments are therefore essential to accurately characterize pregnant women's environmental risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A validated Nile Red fluorescence method following KOH/H₂O₂ digestion for microplastic detection in marine molluscs.","authors":"Nikola Bobchev, Emilia Ivanova, Dimitar Berov, Aleksandar Dimitrov, Ventzi Karamfilov","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.120484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) in marine ecosystems poses an increasing risk to the environment and human health. However standardized rapid methods for monitoring large numbers of samples are still lacking. This study validates a semi-automated Nile Red dye (NRD) fluorescence method combined with a two-step KOH/H₂O₂ digestion protocol for MP detection in marine molluscs. Twelve reference materials, including six synthetic polymer types (PE [two size fractions], PP, PA-66, PET, PMMA) and six natural materials (cotton, hemp, cellulose, wool, viscose, olive stone powder), were evaluated before and after digestion. Treatment resulted in 83.2 (± 4.8%) digestion of the natural reference, and reduced fluorescence intensity by 83.9 (± 14.9%). In comparison, the synthetic polymers lost only 13.0 ± 11.6% of their initial mass and 42.7 ± 18.4% of their fluorescence intensity, thus increasing the fluorescence discrimination ratio between synthetic and natural materials from 3-fold to 16.9-fold. The protocol retains the chemical integrity of the synthetic polymers (FTIR Hit Quality Index: 89.7-99.3%), which allows further reliable identification of the particles by FTIR. The protocol was applied to samples of Black Sea invertebrate organisms (M. galloprovincialis and R. venosa, 67 specimens) and achieved near-complete organic matter removal (>99.8%). The MP load was higher in M. galloprovincialis (median: 1.3 MPs g^-1 WW; Q1-Q3: 0-3.2; n = 27) than in Rapana venosa (median: 0 MPs g^-1 WW; Q1-Q3: 0-0.2; n = 40). This validated workflow provides a reproducible and cost-effective approach for large-scale MP monitoring in marine bioindicator species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"234 Pt 1","pages":"120484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}