环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into biotransformation of sugarcane bagasse for mycosynthesis of silica nanoparticles using Aspergillus niger MSF3.","authors":"Mohini Yadav, Nancy George, Vagish Dwibedi, Hardeep Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disposal of sugarcane bagasse, a high-volume by-product of sugarcane processing, presents significant environmental and resource management challenges due to limited reuse and improper disposal. This study investigates mycosynthesis of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) from sugarcane bagasse using Aspergillus niger MSF3, and exploring the underlying mechanisms of silica solubilisation. Under biotransformation conditions, Aspergillus niger MSF3 achieved the release of 217 mg/L of silica from sugarcane bagasse on 14th day of inoculation representing a 2.4-fold increase in the silica release, when compared to the control. Structural and chemical characterization through FTIR, EDX, UV-visible spectroscopy, and FESEM confirmed the formation of spherical SiNPs, with particle sizes in the range of 200-300 nm. Further, the mechanism of silica solubilisation by the fungus was analysed with respect to production of organic acids, exopolysaccharides, and involvement of silica solubilising proteins. The results of the study indicated towards the production of organic acids as the most prominent mechanism of silica solubilisation. The release of organic acids primarily isobutyric, propionic, acetic, carbonic and oxalic acid by the fungus lowered the pH of biotransformation medium to facilitate silica dissolution from the bagasse matrix. Though SiNP synthesis using various organic, inorganic and biological substrates has been investigated earlier, the potential of microbe mediated synthesis using sugarcane bagasse has not been explored before. The results of this study provides an opportunity to produce SiNPs from an agro-waste and further give insights into the mechanism of the fungus based silica solubilisation. These insights will deepen our understanding of SiNP mycosynthesis and support the sustainable valorization of agricultural waste. Overall, SiNPs have potential applications in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and drug delivery, and mycosynthesis of these nanoparticles from agro-waste represents a scalable, sustainable and low-cost alternative for SiNP synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"126637"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do local communities perceive marine protected area governance, management, surrounding development, and outcomes? A systematic review.","authors":"Laura Enthoven","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United Nations aims to protect 30 % of the ocean by 2030, requiring an over threefold expansion in marine protected area coverage (MPAs). Understanding local communities' perceptions - whose livelihoods are directly impacted by an MPA - is crucial for achieving this ambitious target. However, a systematic review of the literature on this topic has been lacking. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this paper synthesises findings from 98 empirical studies. Three themes have received particular attention: perceptions of participation in MPA decision-making (investigated in 52 % of the studies), enforcement practices (46 %), and ecological outcomes, particularly changes in fish abundance (48 %). In contrast, perceptions of associated alternative livelihoods programmes (explored in 5 % of the studies) and socio-economic outcomes, including employment opportunities (7 %), food security (8 %), and subjective well-being (15 %), remain understudied. Geographically, most studies examined MPAs in East Asia and the Pacific (33 %), Sub-Saharan Africa (23 %), Latin America (20 %), and Europe (15 %), while fewer focused on MPAs in North America (7 %), South Asia (2 %), and none in North Africa and the Middle East. Future research should address these gaps, expand geographic representation, and identify actionable strategies to align actual MPA governance, management, and development with best practices. Decision-makers and practitioners should ensure that MPAs meet community expectations through regular consultation using appropriate tools. Ultimately, the success of MPAs relies not only on achieving measurable beneficial outcomes but also on how these outcomes, and the processes used to achieve them, are perceived by local communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"391 ","pages":"126570"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damming induces convergence of riverscapes in the Nile, Yangtze, and Amazon Basin: The importance of localized watershed management.","authors":"Wanyu Qi, Wanyu Wang, Jinxia Huang, Reija Hietala, Shengjun Wu, Maohua Ma, Chundi Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13280-025-02160-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-025-02160-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding changes in riverscapes and their influencing factors is crucial for effective biological conservation. Although the impact of dams on riverscape changes has been investigated, comparative research is limited. This study first conducted a comparative analysis of riverscape configuration patterns from different perspectives using the Landscape Fragmentation Index of Configuration among three major global dammed rivers: the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River, the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River, and the Jirau and Santo Antônio dams in the Amazon Basin. Subsequently, through the Analysis of Similarity of various indices, we identified a significant trend toward resemblance in the configurations across the three dammed rivers. Further, we found that this resemblance progressed in a trend similar to that of riverscape composition, with built-up and water land-use type being the primary factor explaining the similarity across these regions. These findings provide valuable insights for localized management measures in dam-affected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":" ","pages":"1530-1548"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining urban spaces in stormwater assessment through ecosystem management: A narrative review.","authors":"Wiktor Halecki, Tomasz Stachura, Wioletta Fudała","doi":"10.1007/s13280-025-02156-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-025-02156-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate neutrality requires urban infrastructure overhauls, particularly in rainwater management and green space expansion. Urban planning often conflicts with hydrological engineering, straining budgets and limiting green spaces. This review analyzed urban forestry, greenery, and ecohydrological policies in housing and buildings using bibliometric network analysis from Scopus and Web of Science. Key terms such as \"urban climate\" and \"adaptive management\" were linked, highlighting challenges in climate change implementation. Vegetation-based rainwater management projects improved resident safety and reduced sewage discharge through soil retention and evapotranspiration. Strategic greenery (green roofs, gardens, parks) enhances water capture and storage. Findings showed that integrating blue-green infrastructure mitigates conflicts between gray infrastructure and hydrological engineering, reducing construction pressures and preserving urban parks. New stormwater management technologies should align with urban ecosystems and housing priorities. Effective ecohydrological policies require careful local planning and appropriate tools to balance sustainability and urban development.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":" ","pages":"1450-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and risk assessment of antibiotic resistome in straw-retained agroecosystems.","authors":"Yi Wu, Yi Fan, Yiheng Tao, Quankuan Guo, Shuang Pang, Wei Yang, Ximei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Straw retention (SR) is an essential management practice of sustainable agriculture. However, the seasonal dynamics on the antibiotic resistome and associated ecological risks in seasonally frozen agroecosystems remain unclear. Here, we conducted a multi-site field study in the Sanjiang Plain, a seasonally frozen agricultural region of Northeast China, combining time-series soil sampling with metagenomic sequencing to reveal antibiotic resistome dynamics. SR elevated relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across all seasons and induced significant seasonal variations in richness. ARG richness peaked during freezing season favoring the dominance of low-risk ARGs. The soil C/N ratio emerged as the primary driver shaping the relative abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistome, with 23 core low-risk ARGs accounting for 73 % of the observed abundance increase, whereas high-risk ARGs constituted merely 0.44 % of the total resistome abundance. Straw retention also reduced interactions among high-risk ARGs with ecological risk remaining stable, demonstrating decoupling between resistome abundance and environmental risk. Structural equation modeling revealed straw retention exerting both direct effects (0.45) and indirect regulation (-0.16) via modulating nutrient content. Our findings evaluated the antibiotic resistance risks of straw retention with the enrichment of low-risk ARGs and suppression of interactions among high-risk ARGs, promoting its safe adoption in agroecosystems. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive antibiotic risk assessment framework, demonstrating straw retention as a beneficial strategy that enhances soil fertility with practically manageable resistance risks in agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improper use of spinetoram on tea plants can inhibit the predation ability of Arma chinensis.","authors":"Qiang Chen, Hongyun Chen, Hao Qu, Ziwen Luo, Lixue Long, Yaqin Long, Linbo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of pesticides is indispensable in agricultural production and mitigate the negative impact is crucial nowadays. The Agriophara rhombata is a major pest on tea trees and the Arma chinensis is a beneficial insect and its natural enemy in field production. Application of the Spinetoram to control A. rhombata has a significant impact on the A. chinensis population. To explore the effect of the spinetoram under A. chinensis were realized approaches such as virulence studies as well as the construction of a predatory functional response model, and the determination of detoxification enzymes. It was discovered that the predatory functional response model of 3rd-5th instar nymphs and male and female adults of the A. chinensis to 3rd-4th instar larvae of A. rhombata was Holling II functional response. With the increase in the spinetoram concentration, the handling time of the A. chinensis augmented, while the instantaneous attack rate, predation capacity, and maximum prey consumed daily declined. The spinetoram affected the control ability of the A. chinensis as well as the search ability of nymphs and adults under high doses of the spinetoram. The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in the A. chinensis increased with the increase in instar then, decreased with the increase in the spinetoram concentration. It is speculated that GST and CarE are involved in the detoxification of spinetoram in A. chinensis. When releasing the A. chinensis into the field we must avoid concurrent application with pesticides and the number of A. chinensis should be reasonably determined based on the area and prey density, to reduce interference among natural enemies.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and association with dyslipidemia in the Korean population.","authors":"Kangyeon Park, Da-An Huh, Lita Kim, Yun-Hee Choi, Jiyoun Lee, Se Hyun Hwang, Hyeon Jeong Choi, Woohyun Lim, Kyong Whan Moon","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are primarily used in coatings for cookware and waterproof clothing, and can enter the body through contaminated food or water, potentially acting as endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have reported associations between PFAS and dyslipidemia; however, these studies have mainly been conducted in Western and other countries. Due to genetic differences and weak regulations in East Asia compared to Western countries, there is a need for studies on the health impact on this population. This cross-sectional study analyzed the association between serum PFAS levels and dyslipidemia in Korean adults. The data were from 2975 participants from the cycle 4 of Korean National Environmental Health Survey conducted between 2018 and 2020. We performed general linear regression, robust Poisson regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression to analyze the association between the five PFAS and dyslipidemia. All five PFAS were detected in over 99.8 % of the study participants, with geometric mean concentrations as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) = 6.4 ng/mL, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) = 15 ng/mL, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) = 4.2 ng/mL, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) = 2.1 ng/mL, and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) = 0.91 ng/mL. This study confirmed positive associations between PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDeA, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL_C), as well as a positive association between PFOA, PFNA, and PFDeA and the prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC). Further, an analysis stratified by sex revealed a positive association between PFOA and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL_C) in men. The PFAS mixture was associated with lipid profiles (TC, HDL_C, and LDL_C) in the general population of Korean adults, which emphasizes the need to strengthen PFAS regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine metabolomic characteristics of people exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water.","authors":"Tao Yanan, Hu Miaomiao, Xia Yunting, Peng Fangda, Xiong Chuanlong, Ding Chunguang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the toxicological mechanisms of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) exposure on human health by analyzing the urinary metabolomics of residents exposed to Cr(VI) through drinking water. The aim of the study was to identify metabolites with significant differences and discover potential biomarkers for early detection and assessment of Cr(VI)-induced toxicity. Local residents aged 18-65 years were selected from both the Cr(VI)-exposed and control groups using simple random sampling. Using untargeted metabolomics technique, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) to detecte urine metabolites of people exposed to Cr(VI)in drinking water, combining multivariate and single-variable statistical analyses to screen different metabolites, and using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software to conduct metabolic pathway analysis. 30 differential metabolites including Coproporphyrin Ⅲ, 7-Methylguanosine, Pentosidine, 18-Carboxy-dinor-LTE4, Deoxyguanosine, 4a-Hydroxytetrahydrobiop-terin, Dodecanediacylcarnitine, Allocholic acid, and Thromboxane were screened. Among these, 17 metabolites were up-regulated, such as Pentosidine, 18-Carboxy-dinor-LTE4, Dodecanediacylcarnitine, Allocholic acid, and Thromboxane, etc, while 13 metabolites were down-regulated, including Coproporphyrin III, 7-Methylguanosine, Deoxyguanosine, and 4a-Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin, etc. N-ceramide-sphingosine, Stearic acid, Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (0:0/24:1), Lithocholic acid-3-O-glucuronide, (2E,4Z)-N-isobutyl-2,4-octadecanediamide, Thromboxane, Glycylcholic acid, and Pentosan were identified as potential biomarkers. Long-term exposure to Cr(VI) in drinking water might impact 13 metabolic pathways, including the urea cycle, androgen and estrogen metabolism, steroid synthesis, as well as arginine, proline, pyrimidine, and purine metabolism. Cr(VI) exposure might lead to damage of some metabolic pathways in drinking water and had potential health risks. Some ssential measures should be taken to reduce and prevent the intake of Cr(VI) from drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of arsenic in paddy soils and its accumulation in rice grains: An updated analysis with human health perspectives.","authors":"Meysam Cheraghi, Karim Shahbazi, Mostafa Marzi, Mojgan Yeganeh, Kobra Sadat Hasheminasab, Arzhang Fathi-Gerdelidani, Meisam Rezaei, Kambiz Bazargan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elevated concentration of arsenic (As) in rice grains poses a major global health concern. This review investigates the geochemical behavior of As in paddy soils and the mechanisms responsible for its accumulation in rice, providing insights into why As concentrations in rice are considerably higher than in other cereals. Our findings highlight that under the strongly reducing and anaerobic conditions typical of flooded paddy soils, the bioavailability of As increases markedly. Multiple As species coexist in these soils, but arsenite (As(III)) predominates due to the low redox potential and absence of oxygen. Arsenite is significantly more mobile and bioavailable than arsenate (As(V)), which dominates under aerobic conditions. In addition, rice roots take up As(III) efficiently through aquaporin channels that also transport silicic acid. These geochemical and physiological factors together result in elevated As accumulation in rice grains. In the second part, we provide a comprehensive overview of As speciation in rice grains and its associated human health risks. Our synthesis highlights substantial variation in exposure levels, carcinogenic risk, and non-carcinogenic hazards across regions, age groups, and dietary habits. Finally, key knowledge gaps are identified to guide future research on As geochemistry, speciation, and risk mitigation strategies in rice systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of long-term ambient air pollutant mixture exposure on incident diabetes: A prospective cohort study in China.","authors":"Aibin Qu, Fuyuan Wen, Bingxiao Li, Pandi Li, Bowen Zhang, Xiaojun Yang, Xinyue Yao, Boya Li, Xiangqian Lao, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although an increasing number of studies have shown air pollution exposure is associated with diabetes, the potential causal effects of air pollutants on incident diabetes and the joint effects of air pollutant mixtures remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study that included 25,801 adults based on Chronic Disease of the Community Natural Population in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Three-year mean concentrations of air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM₁, and NO₂) and PM_2.5 components (ammonium [NH₄⁺], nitrate [NO₃^-], sulfate [SO₄^2-], and chloride ion [Cl^-]) were obtained from China High Air Pollutants database. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate potential causal relationships between long-term air pollution exposure and diabetes incidence. The joint effects of air pollutant mixtures on diabetes and the contribution of each pollutant were assessed using Quantile G-computation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In single-pollutant models, moderate and high concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM₁, NO₂, NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, and Cl^- exposure were significantly associated with diabetes risk compared with low concentrations of air pollutants. In multi-pollutant models, the joint effect of air pollutant mixture (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM₁, and NO₂) on diabetes was 1.006 (1.004, 1.009). After replacing PM_2.5 with PM_2.5 components in the mixture, the effect estimates remained robust at 1.015 (1.008, 1.021), and the positive effect was driven primarily by NH₄⁺ at 43.66 %, followed by NO₃^- at 39.20 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed relationships between long-term air pollutant exposure and incident diabetes. Furthermore, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- might be strong contributors. These findings support targeted air quality interventions to reduce diabetes risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"302 ","pages":"118652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}