环境科学与生态学最新文献

{"title":"Decadal nutrient dynamics in a tropical bay: spatiotemporal variations and drivers in Haikou Bay and adjacent coastal waters (2010−2021)","authors":"Jinyang Yu ,&nbsp;Yonggui Cai ,&nbsp;Yaodong Li ,&nbsp;Wenguo Huang ,&nbsp;Li Luo ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Jianan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuh-ji Kao ,&nbsp;Naiwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiancheng Li ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanjun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal eutrophication driven by anthropogenic nutrient inputs and climate change is a growing threat to marine ecosystems. This study examined the nutrient dynamics in Haikou Bay and its adjacent waters based on observational data collected from 24 cruises conducted from 2010 to 2021. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations ranged from 3.00 μmol L⁻¹ to 19.3 μmol L⁻¹, with an average value of 10.8 ± 0.2 μmol L⁻¹ in Haikou Bay. Three distinct spatial patterns of DIN concentrations were identified: river mouth enrichment, a west-to-east decreasing gradient, and a homogeneous distribution. A significant negative correlation between DIN concentrations and salinity highlighted the influence of freshwater on DIN distributions. Seasonally, DIN concentrations showed a declining trend from May to September, with values decreasing from 12.4 ± 0.6 to 8.89 ± 0.64 μmol L⁻¹, then increased slightly thereafter. The decadal variations of DIN concentrations displayed a two-phase pattern: they increased from 2010 to 2013, then declined from 2013 to 2021. This pattern correlated with variations of freshwater input and agricultural fertilizer application from the landward side. In contrast, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) showed less pronounced spatial and decadal variabilities. The mean DIN/DIP ratio was 98.5 ± 9.0, substantially higher than the canonical Redfield ratio of 16, suggesting potential phosphorus limitation. These findings provide important insights into the decadal variations of nutrient dynamics under the combined influences of climate change and anthropogenic pressures in tropical bays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18215,"journal":{"name":"Marine pollution bulletin","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 118499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different diversity mechanisms underlying drought resistance in native and invaded communities","authors":"Wei‐Kang Shen, Jiang Wu, Jing‐Jing Gu, Xu‐Jie Hong, Bai‐Run Yang, Kai‐Cheng Guan, Yang‐Bing Hu, Zhi Sun, Song Gao, Qiao‐Di Yan, Tong Chen, Jiang Wang, Xu Chen, Fei‐Hai Yu","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>The decline of global biodiversity and the increasing spread of invasive alien plants raise critical questions about how native species diversity and biological invasions interact to influence community resistance to disturbance, particularly global climate change.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>To explore the effects of native species diversity and biological invasions on community resistance to drought, we established experimental plant communities with varying species richness levels (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 species), introduced the invasive species <jats:italic>Symphyotrichum subulatum</jats:italic> into half of these communities and then subjected all communities to no, moderate or intense drought.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In both native and invaded communities, community resistance to drought was negatively correlated with biomass of the communities without drought, regardless of species richness. Additionally, lower biomass of the communities without drought was associated with smaller drought‐induced increases in root:shoot ratio, which in turn conferred higher community drought resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying drought resistance differed between native and invaded communities: changes in biomass triggered by complementarity effects positively determined drought resistance in native communities, but those triggered by selection effects governed drought resistance in invaded communities.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Synthesis</jats:italic>. These findings reveal distinct mechanisms governing drought resistance in native communities and those invaded by <jats:italic>S. subulatum</jats:italic>, offering valuable insights for managing the invasion of this species in the context of global climate change.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton iron limitation in the Atlantic Southern Ocean driven by seasonal mixed‐layer dynamics","authors":"Asmita Singh, Sandy J. Thomalla, Susanne Fietz, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, Johannes J. Viljoen, Thomas J. Ryan‐Keogh","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean (SO) are seasonally limited by light and micronutrients. As such, regional variations in iron supply from mixed‐layer winter entrainment are expected to impact the extent of seasonal iron limitation. Here, we determined seasonal iron limitation in the Atlantic SO by conducting iron addition incubation experiments during winter, prior to the maximum mixed‐layer deepening, and in spring, prior to the peak of the summer bloom. Both the polar and subantarctic zones displayed evidence of iron limitation in spring, based on increased photosynthetic efficiency, with evidence of the subantarctic zone being limited in winter. In contrast, there was no evidence of limitation in either season in the sub‐tropical and Antarctic zones. The large degree of zonal variability in the timing of iron supply resulting from winter entrainment impacts the seasonal characteristics of iron limitation, phytoplankton physiology and the potential for growth.","PeriodicalId":18128,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the combined effect of ofloxacin and humic substances on sewage sludge anaerobic digestion","authors":"Sha Long ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Hao ,&nbsp;Luyang Sun ,&nbsp;Dejiang Ren ,&nbsp;Keyi Wang ,&nbsp;Huiming Li ,&nbsp;Dongbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humic substances (HS) and antibiotics are present simultaneously in various environments. However, the influence path and consequences of HS on antibiotics behaviors in complex anaerobic microbial systems are rarely known, hindering the understanding and control of antibiotics risks. This study for the first time investigated the combined effects of ofloxacin (OFL) and HS in sewage sludge anaerobic digestion system. Experimental results showed that OFL alone reduced the cumulative methane production and the maximum methane production rate by 14.6 % and 33.5 %, respectively. The methane production curves showed step by step adaption, which might be related with the increase of antibiotics resistance genes and their potential hosts. The coexistence of low concentration (6 % of sludge volatile solid) HS could alleviate the inhibition of OFL on hydrolysis-related bacteria and genes to a certain extent, thereby enhanced the methane production by 4.8 %. However, the coexistence of high concentration (12–24 % of sludge volatile solid) HS intensified the inhibition on hydrolysis-related bacteria and genes, and had more potential to combine with organic matters to prevent sludge solubilization, macromolecular organics hydrolysis and OFL degradation, thereby further decreasing the methane production by 7.6–15.9 %. Besides, the coexistence of OFL and high concentration HS increased the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity risks of digested sludge, by enhancing the residual level of verified pathogens, antibiotics resistance genes and virulence factor genes. This study provides new insights into the environmental risks of combined antibiotics and HS pollution, and offers a basis for strengthening the safe treatment and disposal of sewage sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122493"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of mechanical properties and frost resistance of coal gangue concrete: synergistic effect and microscopic mechanism of basalt fiber, fly ash and silica fume","authors":"Jisheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Leilei Li ,&nbsp;Yong Huo ,&nbsp;Tiantian Lei ,&nbsp;Yufeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal gangue aggregate (CGA) has significant water absorption and crushed index, which will reduce its mechanical strength and frost resistance when preparing coal gangue concrete (CGC). To enhance the sustainable utilization of CGA, 15 % fly ash (FA), 7 % silica fume (SF), and basalt fiber (BF) with different volume contents (0.12 %, 0.15 %, 0.18 %) were used in this paper. The performance enhancement of CGC was comprehensively assessed through a combination of macroscopic mechanical testing and microstructural characterization. The results show that CGC exhibits the best mechanical strength when FA, SF, and 0.15 % BF act synergistically. At this time, CGC is capable of withstanding up to 300 freeze-thaw cycles, exhibiting exceptional frost resistance. The small fineness and high activity of FA and SF generate more C-S-H gels while filling pores, which not only improves the pore structure of the mortar but also strengthens the interfacial transition zone between the CGA. The enhancement of frost resistance in CGC with 0.12 % BF is limited. Excessive BF (0.18 %) leads to increased pores in the local area and destroys the original pore structure. The bridging effect of 0.15 % BF can effectively cross pores and block the propagation of microcracks, thereby providing greater benefit to the frost resistance of CGC. The frost resistance of CGC was evaluated by establishing a two-parameter parabolic model, and the volume content of BF was an important factor affecting the degree of damage. This research reveals the mechanical strength and frost resistance of modified CGC. Moreover, the modified CGC exhibits lower carbon emissions and economic costs, aiding in the recycling efforts of CGA and advancing green, sustainable practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146324"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of densified paddy straw-based total mixed ration in form of briquette for sustainable livestock feeding","authors":"Parul Rana,&nbsp;Raman Malik,&nbsp;Harneet Kour,&nbsp;Amandeep Goyal,&nbsp;Kanwate Rishikesh","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Densification of paddy straw-based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) offers a sustainable solution for livestock feeding while addressing environmental hazards like air pollution caused due to stubble burning by providing a viable alternative to crop residue incineration. This approach transforms paddy straw, typically burned in fields, into valuable feed resources through processing. Compaction of paddy straw by means of briquetting process yields economic advantages by significantly reducing costs associated with transportation, labor, and storage. In the study, sixteen mixtures were used to formulate isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets with varying dietary fiber levels in sets of four rations in one category of molasses level. Admixture of vitamin premix was added as per the nutrient requirements of the individual animals to fulfill the nutrient deficits as incurred due to lack of green fodder in the diet. For optimization of densification, experiments were conducted by utilizing biofuel briquetting piston-press to compact low-density feed ingredients in collaboration with a local manufacturing unit. During these trials, briquettes at 10 % molasses level gave optimum results and hence were selected for further analysis. Experimental characterisation of these briquettes showed that all four briquette types (B29, B32, B35, and B38) had consistent nutrient profiles, with Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranging from 29.57 % in B29 to 38.02 % in B38. The bulk density ranged from 850.85 to 1012.43 kg/m³, and compressive strength was highest for TMR B29 (17.01 MPa). Durability values ranged from 80 % to 93.80 %, with B29 showing the highest durability. Microscopic analysis confirmed uniform nutrient distribution, which is critical for consistent intake. An animal feeding trial was conducted on indigenous calves to access for the acceptability of these in a practical scenario by the calves. These briquettes provide a novel feed solution that reduces environmental pollution, promotes better utilization of paddy straw, and may offer additional income for farmers, along with contributing to sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146294"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical systems and machine learning for sustainable wastewater treatment","authors":"Abdullah M Maghfuri ,&nbsp;Manish Mosalpuri ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Wenzhen Li ,&nbsp;Mark Mba Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clean water is an essential but limited resource, and increasing fertilizer use has amplified the need for more efficient wastewater treatment. This study investigates a machine-learning-optimized hybrid renewable energy and electrochemical system to lower wastewater treatment costs while producing valuable byproducts. A deep neural network model predicted hourly nitrate levels with 99.998 % accuracy, enabling dynamic operation of a system that switches between solar, wind, battery, and grid electricity. When nitrate levels exceeded 60 mg/L, the system not only treated wastewater but also produced hydroxylamine, a commercially valuable chemical, and generated surplus electricity for sale. Techno-economic analysis showed that hydroxylamine could be produced at $2.38/kg at a baseline flow rate of 1 million gallons per day (mgd), decreasing to $2.27/kg at 162 mgd due to economies of scale. Lifecycle assessment revealed net greenhouse gas emissions of 0.759 kg CO₂-eq/kg hydroxylamine, dropping to −4.48 kg CO₂-eq/kg when accounting for clean water production, and a net fossil energy use reduction of 42.2 MJ/kg. These results demonstrate that machine learning, renewable energy, and electrochemical treatment integration can create a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146305"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling or dependency? Investigating the joint effects of natural gas consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in gulf cooperation council countries","authors":"Ebrahim Abbas Abdullah Abbas Amer ,&nbsp;Zhang Xiuwu ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Mohammed Ali Meyad ,&nbsp;Mohammed Muneer Alareqi ,&nbsp;Sameer.M.H. Bather ,&nbsp;Amr Abdelwahed","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas-rich countries in the Arabian Peninsula face a growing challenge: how to sustain economic development while mitigating environmental degradation. In particular, the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) rely heavily on natural gas to fuel their economies, raising concerns about the long-term environmental consequences, especially carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. While previous studies have largely examined the separate effects of energy consumption or gross domestic product (GDP) on CO₂ emissions, few have investigated how these two forces interact. This study addresses this gap by analyzing both the individual and combined effects of natural gas consumption and economic growth on CO₂ emissions, a topic that remains underexplored in gas-dependent economies. Employing robust panel econometric techniques—Feasible Generalized Least Squares, Panel Corrected Standard Errors, and the Generalized Method of Moments —on data spanning from 1995 to 2020, the results reveal that natural gas consumption and economic growth each independently lead to higher CO₂ emissions, with positive coefficients of 0.671 and 0.723, respectively. However, when both variables are included interactively, the coefficient for natural gas consumption becomes negative (−0.615), and the interaction term is weakly positive (0.059). This suggests that under certain conditions—such as improved energy efficiency and technological advancement—natural gas may support emission reduction even in growing economies. These findings underscore a key policy opportunity for the Gulf states: to decouple economic growth from environmental harm by investing in cleaner technologies and sustainable energy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 146285"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varied responses of inland waters to compound heatwave-drought events in the Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Yunlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ze Ren ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Chunqiao Song ,&nbsp;Yongjiu Cai ,&nbsp;Boqiang Qin ,&nbsp;Kun Shi ,&nbsp;R. Iestyn Woolway","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme heatwaves and droughts are coinciding more frequently worldwide, exerting far reaching and adverse effects on ecosystems and economic development. Nevertheless, our knowledge of compound heatwave drought events (CHDEs) and their negative impacts on inland waters remains relatively scarce. Our findings indicate that the average annual duration of heatwaves varies: 3–107 days in river segments, 4–69 days in directly connected lakes, and 2–71 days in controlled lakes in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China's largest basin from 1980 to 2022. Significant linear increasing rates of heatwave frequency and duration are 1.49 events/decade and 16.21 days/decade in river segments, 0.98 events/decade and 7.85 days/decade in directly connected lakes, and 1.21 events/decade and 8.72 days/decade in controlled lakes. However, varied responses of different inland waters to droughts and CHDEs are observed with increasing frequency and duration in river segments and directly connected lakes. In 2022, the YRB witnessed an unprecedented extreme heatwave compounded by an equally exceptional drought. These changes pose significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems and economic development. Human interventions have demonstrated some effectiveness in alleviating droughts and CHDEs in controlled lakes. In contrast, river segments and directly connected lakes exhibited more frequent and longer droughts and CHDEs compared to controlled lakes. The repercussions of extreme CHDEs have been profound, combined with the regulation of the Three Gorges Dam, resulting in a sharp seasonal and annual shrinkage of directly connected lakes. Furthermore, CHDEs have exacerbated the precarious balance between hydroelectricity generation and electricity consumption, posing a direct threat to economic development. However, the increasing abilities in disaster management result in a notable reduction in economic loss although escalating extreme climatic and hydrological events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180185"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to diverse airborne bacterial communities following Klebsiella pneumoniae infection elicits distinct host response mechanisms in mice","authors":"Chenchen Song ,&nbsp;Li Zhou ,&nbsp;Lianlian Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhi Guo ,&nbsp;Lifang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hu Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhan Lei ,&nbsp;Yunlin Han ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Xiang ,&nbsp;Baicun Li ,&nbsp;Jianguo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Air harbors diverse microorganisms. However, the influence of airborne microbial communities on the recovery phase of pneumonia patients remains inadequately explored.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We randomly generated five distinct bacterial communities with varying compositions from a pool of 16 bacteria. Following infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, convalescent BALB/c mice were exposed to either saline (control group, G1) or one of the five artificially constructed microbial communities (H1-H5 groups) during their recovery period. Body weight, lung tissue pathology, inflammatory cytokines, metabolomics, and fecal flora were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to varied microbial communities induced inflammatory cell infiltration around pulmonary blood vessels and bronchi. Overall, after microbiota exposure, peripheral neutrophil percentages showed a significant increase (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Concurrently, IL-1β was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while IL-6 and IFN-γ were decreased in plasma (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, varying levels of inflammatory factors and hematological parameters were observed among different exposure groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed joint alterations in nucleotide metabolism and Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism in BALF, as well as broader metabolic pathway changes in plasma. Moreover, there were significant differences in metabolic pathways between the different exposure groups. Significant differences in the composition and richness of the gut microbiota were observed among the experimental groups. Pearson correlation analysis established a potential correlation between lung metabolites, gut microbiota, and plasma metabolites, suggesting a potential link within the lung-gut axis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that varied airborne bacterial communities exposure exert differential effects on convalescent pneumonia in mice. This influence may be mediated, at least in part, by modulating disease progression through the lung-gut axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 118792"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}