Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"SiC/Si ceramic hollow fibres: A new approach to Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting","authors":"Erisson Paulo Borges Lopes,&nbsp;Warlen Agnelo Dias,&nbsp;Miria Hespanhol Miranda Reis,&nbsp;Vicelma Luiz Cardoso,&nbsp;Fabiana Regina Xavier Batista","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient harvesting of microalgae is a critical challenge for the viability of biorefineries, requiring technologies that combine high selectivity, low cost, and scalability. The current work evaluated the performance of an asymmetric hollow fibre ceramic membrane (HF-SiC70Si30), fabricated by phase inversion and sintered at 1250°C, in the harvesting of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>. The membrane exhibited a hydraulic permeability of 332 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and 100% cell retention, attributed to its hierarchical porous structure and hydrophilicity (contact angle: 71.95°). Fouling analyses showed that cake formation was the dominant mechanism (<i>R</i>² = 0.89), with 86.7% of the resistance being reversible, allowing 85 % of the flux to be recovered after backwashing. The low-temperature sintering (1250°C) and mechanical robustness of HF-SiC70Si30 highlight its potential for industrial applications, overcoming the limitations of conventional polymer and ceramic membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4568-4578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing freeze–thaw stability of phase change emulsions","authors":"Yuxuan Lin,&nbsp;Yuxin Yu,&nbsp;Songping Mo","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phase change emulsions, which integrate the properties of heat transfer fluids with those of phase change materials (PCMs), offer promising applications in thermal energy storage systems. However, the widespread use of such emulsions, particularly those based on fatty acids, is hindered by their poor freeze–thaw cycle stability, which arises from interfacial destabilization and phase separation during repeated solidification–melting processes. This study addresses the challenge by developing a highly stable phase change emulsion using a stearic acid/stearic alcohol eutectic mixture as the PCM. By optimizing formulation parameters, including surfactant composition, co-surfactant ratios, and low-energy emulsification conditions, we achieved nanoemulsions with dispersed phase contents of 5%–20% and average particle sizes below 100 nm. Experimental analyses revealed that the emulsions exhibit exceptional physical and thermal stability, retaining consistent droplet size distribution and phase integrity after 600 h of static storage and 300 freeze–thaw cycles, a performance attributed to the suppression of Ostwald ripening and controlled crystallization. Moreover, the heat storage capacity of the emulsion reached 151.5% of that of water. These findings not only advance the practical applicability of phase change emulsions but also provide insights into the principles governing stability and phase behaviour in metastable emulsion systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4854-4865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the frontiers of nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media: A review of reservoir characterization and the energy transition","authors":"Yasin Khalili,&nbsp;Amir Ali Mohseni,&nbsp;Mehdi Razavifar,&nbsp;Salar Marivani,&nbsp;Saeed Zeinali Heris,&nbsp;Seyed Borhan Mousavi","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely applied for reservoir characterization for several decades; however, most existing reviews focus either on laboratory-scale applications or logging technologies, without integrating recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and sustainable energy systems. This gap is increasingly significant as the energy sector transitions toward digitalization, carbon management, and hydrogen storage. This review provides a comparative synthesis of NMR developments, emphasizing its role not only in traditional hydrocarbon exploration but also in emerging applications such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), underground hydrogen storage, and geothermal reservoir evaluation. Uniquely, we highlight how AI- and machine learning-driven workflows are reshaping NMR interpretation, improving accuracy in permeability prediction, fluid typing, and real-time monitoring. The review also contextualizes NMR alongside alternative characterization tools, clarifying its distinctive contributions and limitations. Key technical challenges, including low signal-to-noise ratios, nanopore resolution limits, and hardware performance in high-temperature, high-pressure environments, are critically examined together with emerging solutions. By outlining both the proven capabilities and the unresolved gaps, this review offers a forward-looking framework for integrating NMR into the broader landscape of smart, sustainable reservoir management and identifies concrete avenues for future research and industry implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4730-4760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable amylopectin graft copolymers for flocculating and dewatering iron ore tailings","authors":"Gustavo P. Zago,&nbsp;Reinaldo Giudici,&nbsp;João B. P. Soares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyacrylamide (PAM), the standard flocculant for mining tailings, often produces turbid supernatants and poorly dewatered sediments, limiting water reuse and tailings densification. We synthesized amylopectin-graft-poly[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AP-g-PMETAC) copolymers with systematically varied graft frequency (<i>N</i> = 0.83–6.67 per 1000 anhydroglucose units) and graft length (<i>L</i> = 20–80). Their flocculation performance was tested on iron-ore tailings suspensions at pH 10. Higher graft frequencies and longer grafts improved clarification and settling at lower dosages, reducing supernatant turbidity to 12.7 NTU and accelerating settling. However, excessively long, hydrophilic METAC grafts hindered sediment dewatering. Compared to commercial PAM, AP-g-PMETAC required lower dosages, produced denser flocs, and shortened capillary suction times (down to 10.1 s). These results establish AP-g-PMETAC as a tunable and more sustainable alternative to PAM for tailings treatment, where graft frequency and length can be tailored to balance clarity, settling, and dewatering.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4597-4612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spouted bed drying parameters and adjuvant effects on polyphenol retention and antioxidant activity in mango peel powders","authors":"Guilherme Henrique Alves Pinto,&nbsp;Fábio Bentes Freire,&nbsp;José Teixeira Freire,&nbsp;Wanderley Pereira Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production of polyphenol-rich powders is a promising strategy for valorizing agro-industrial byproducts. This study evaluated drying yield, polyphenol retention, and antioxidant capacity of spouted bed drying, varying paste composition by adding silicon dioxide and corn starch as adjuvants and the temperature from 60 to 120°C. Drying yields ranged from 22.13% to 76.61%, influenced by temperature and the inclusion of colloidal SiO₂ and modified starch, which improved detachment from internal surfaces. Total polyphenol content varied from 0.76 ± 0.02 to 1.49 ± 0.20 mg of pyrogallol/g of powder, surpassing oven-dried peels (1.11 ± 0.01 mg/g) and fresh peels (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/g). At optimum operation conditions, temperature of 120°C and addition of 0.25 g of SiO₂ and starch per gram of peels, the operation showed a drying yield of 74.54%, water activity lower than 0.5, and significant polyphenols retention, 1.11 ± 0.03 mg of pyrogallol/g, of peels. Extracts from the powders exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values from 35.95 to 92.95 μg/mL (DPPH assay), outperforming many fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the potential of spouted bed drying combined with adjuvants to produce functional powders from mango peels, which may offer health benefits for humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4579-4596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of multicomponent pheromones from porous fibres","authors":"Darius Klassen,&nbsp;William Simon,&nbsp;Olivier Ngoy,&nbsp;Mikaël Larose,&nbsp;Catherine Pouchet,&nbsp;Gérald Chouinard,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Dumont,&nbsp;Jason R. Tavares","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface engineering empowers a polymer exclusion net to serve dual functions: physical exclusion and pheromonal release, allowing for pest control in agricultural crops. In previous work, a net woven from porous fibres releasing simple, single-component alarm pheromones showed promising results in field tests. Here, this work is extended to release more complex pheromone mixtures, since many relevant insect reproduction pheromones are multicomponent mixtures. A novel in-situ method was developed to measure release of multicomponent pheromones using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). Results demonstrate that all mixture components released at rates that are orders of magnitude greater than the minimum required pheromone dose of 0.05–0.09 mg · m⁻² · day⁻¹. The individual release rates vary between 11 and 189 mg · m⁻² · day⁻¹ at their maximum and depend primarily on component volatility. The release rates of certain components could also be increased or decreased slightly depending on interactions with other components. The observed shifts in evaporation rate were consistent with the theory of differential evaporation and previous work done on differential evaporation within porous media.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4777-4786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning food waste into functional beverages: A review on extraction techniques and sustainability","authors":"Mayurkumar P. Patil,&nbsp;Abhijeet D. Patil,&nbsp;Pravin G. Suryawanshi,&nbsp;Rohit B. Meshram","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although there is a substantial number of works on food valorization, most previous studies and reviews have remained largely descriptive and fragmented, with few comparative evaluations linking technological extraction to functional beverage development and sustainability outcomes. Therefore, this review comparatively appraises novel extraction technologies for the conversion of food and beverage (F&amp;B) industrial wastes into functional beverage ingredients, with emphasis on efficiency, sustainability, and techno-economic viability. Key sources of food waste include fruit peels, pomace, seeds, cereal residues, and agro-industrial by-products targeted at bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants, proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides. Various advanced extraction techniques—supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, and membrane-based separation processing—are comparatively investigated in this paper by using reported quantitative indicators such as extraction yield, recovery efficiency, operating conditions, processing time, and energy demand. Literature evidence shows that all the investigated intensified techniques outperform the conventional solvent-based methods by reaching a bioactive compound yield in the range of 25–70 mg GAE per g dry waste and a recovery efficiency higher than 80%, while shortening the extraction time from hours to minutes and lowering the solvent consumption. Sustainability issues, such as reduced solvent toxicity, lower energy intensity, and compliance with the principles of the circular economy are critically reviewed together with techno-economic issues affecting scalability. Finally, some key research gaps and future directions are identified that will provide integrated process optimization, standardized sustainability metrics, and application-driven studies enabling translation into commercial functional beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4630-4655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TE-CUP-SEC: Modelling and dataset for industrial control system security","authors":"Xinwei Wang,&nbsp;Jinjiang Wang,&nbsp;Weihang Song,&nbsp;Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the growing interconnectedness of industrial control systems (ICS), the need for coordinated integration of functional capabilities and information security has become increasingly pronounced, creating an urgent demand for high-quality, multi-source data to support ICS security research in the petrochemical sector. To this end, this study constructs the TE-CUP-SEC dataset. Leveraging the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process model and integrating industrial networking devices, controllers, and communication protocols, the dataset systematically enables virtual–physical fused modelling of three selected layers of the ISA-95 architecture, including the physical process layer (Level 0), the basic control layer (Level 1), and the supervisory and network layer (Level 2). By emulating a variety of representative threat scenarios including malicious command injection, physical process disturbances, false data injection, and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, the dataset collects synchronized physical measurements and network traffic data, capturing key features across the physical, control, and network layers. Experimental results indicate that TE-CUP-SEC exhibits strong multi-layer feature representation and robust attack characterization capabilities under complex adversarial conditions, thereby providing essential data support for advancing ICS security technologies in the petrochemical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4761-4776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety soft sensor development for pilot-scale ilmenite electric arc furnace using long short-term memory-based architecture","authors":"Antony Gareau-Lajoie,&nbsp;Djogap F. Chrysler J.,&nbsp;Daniel Rodrigues,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Gosselin,&nbsp;Moncef Chioua","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ilmenite electric arc furnaces (EAFs) are used for smelting titanium-iron oxide ore at high temperatures generated by electrical arcs to produce titanium slag and pig iron. As these units are pushed to their limits, ensuring safe and reliable operation becomes challenging. The main risk is molten material leaking out of the unit, known as a run-out. Run-out results from degradation of the EAF sidewalls due to direct contact with high-temperature molten material. To ensure safe operation, the sidewall temperature profile and the thickness of solid material protecting the sidewall are closely monitored by process operators. Operators commonly monitor this using temperature sensors and manual measurements of the molten metal bath size at each tapping cycle. Knowledge of sidewall temperature prediction and estimation of the thickness of solid material protecting the sidewall between tapping cycles can support operators' decision-making process and help avoid run-outs. To achieve this, the present work proposes two data-driven models: (1) a sidewall temperature prediction model and (2) a bath size estimation model. Both models are trained solely on historical process data using long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural networks. The selected models achieve acceptable accuracy with an averaged mean absolute percentage error (AMAPE) of 0.29% for the sidewall temperature model and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 9.5% for the bath size model. Furthermore, to ensure model transparency and facilitate industrial adoption, a Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis is integrated to interpret the model outputs and validate physical consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4702-4718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural South African iron-rich sand as a functional catalyst in hybrid photocatalytic wet peroxide oxidation technology for the degradation of methyl orange dye pollutant","authors":"Aaliyah Ebrahim,&nbsp;Stephen Sunday Emmanuel,&nbsp;Alicia Levana Dorling,&nbsp;Shepherd M. Tichapondwa","doi":"10.1002/cjce.70353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are increasingly utilized for remediating hazardous pollutants like dyes, with a growing focus on sustainable, natural catalysts. Thus, this study investigated South African iron-rich sand (SAIRS) as a natural catalyst for light-mediated wet peroxide oxidation of methyl orange (MO) dye in wastewater. The SAIRS was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), revealing an iron-rich composition (63.53% Fe₂O₃, 45 wt.% Fe, predominantly haematite) and micro-mesoporous structure (31.2 m²/g, 1–9 nm pores), enhancing its catalytic activity. Optimization of process parameters (irradiation source, SAIRS loading, pH, H₂O₂ concentration) identified optimal conditions of 3500 mg/L catalyst dose, 6 mM H₂O₂, and pH 2.5, achieving 94% MO degradation within 90 min under visible light. SAIRS exhibited versatility, with visible light (photocatalysis) and ultraviolet B (UVB) (photoreduction) outperforming UVA (70% degradation). At pH 2.5, minimal iron leaching (&lt;0.5 mg/L) ensured environmental safety. Pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>R</i>² = 0.99, <i>k</i>₁ = 0.045 min⁻¹) indicated mass transfer as the rate-limiting step, with oxidation dominating. SAIRS's natural abundance, low cost (50% cheaper than synthetic Fe₂O₃), and low waste generation (80% less sludge than traditional Fenton systems) position it as an eco-sustainable catalyst for industrial dye effluent remediation, supporting SDGs 6 and 14.</p>","PeriodicalId":9400,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"104 9","pages":"4829-4840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjce.70353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}