Polish Journal of Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Advanced multiparametric MRI-based scoring for isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation prediction of gliomas.","authors":"Bharat Hosur,&nbsp;Chirag Kamal Ahuja,&nbsp;Navneet Singla,&nbsp;Kirti Gupta,&nbsp;Paramjeet Singh","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.121549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.121549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To propose an advanced multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring system and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy with respect to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status of gliomas.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 50 consecutive patients with suspected gliomas, enrolled for pre-operative MRI. The exclusion criteria were previous surgery, biopsy, or chemo/radiotherapy and contraindications to the gadolinium-based contrasts or MRI acquisition. A standardized brain-MRI protocol using a 3-Tesla machine and 16-channel head coil consisted of pre-contrast axial-T2WI, FLAIR, DTI, 3D-ASL perfusion, SWI, 3D-T1WI, and post-contrast axial-DSC perfusion followed by 3D-T1WI and MR spectroscopy. ROIs were drawn from the tumoral centre, periphery, and peritumoral oedema (3 ROIs for each) followed by normalization using the ROIs over the contralateral normal white matter. The cut-off values for the statistically significant (<i>p</i> <0.05) continuous variables were derived by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A 7-point \"glioma-score\" was derived from the 3 categorical (T2/FLAIR-mismatch, contrast enhancement, and intratumoral susceptibility signals) and 4 continuous ROI-based variables (ADC, FA, ASL-CBF, and DSC-CBV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predictability of IDH mutant status using the multiparametric advanced MRI-based glioma score was statistically significant (sensitivity = 69.23%, specificity = 95.65%, PPV = 94.74%, NPV = 73.33%). A glioma score of more than 4.5 out of 7 predicted the IDH-mutation status with higher specificity and sensitivity compared to each of the individual imaging variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The advanced multiparametric MRI-based glioma score can predict the IDH-mutation status with high statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e626-e634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/a4/PJR-87-48280.PMC9749783.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical significance of biliary findings in magnetic resonance enterography of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Sara Momtazmanesh,&nbsp;Mehran Gholami,&nbsp;Neda Pak,&nbsp;Ali Reza Sima,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Montazeri,&nbsp;Shadi Kolahdoozan,&nbsp;Homayoun Vahedi,&nbsp;Amir Reza Radmard","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.121443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.121443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Given the association of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), we aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of abnormal hepatobiliary findings on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) of IBD patients considering the risk of over- or underestimation of PSC at MRE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using the MRE dataset of patients referring to a tertiary hospital and the National Registry of Crohn's and Colitis, 69 MREs, including 23 IBD-PSC, 23 IBD-without PSC, and 23 healthy controls (HC), were retrospectively reviewed by 2 experienced radiologists blinded to the clinical data, to evaluate hepatobiliary abnormalities. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bile duct irregularities were the most common finding in the IBD-PSC group, with a frequency of 91%. Intra- and extrahepatic bile duct (IHBD and EHBD) irregularities were observed in 87% and 78% of PSC patients, respectively. Higher frequency of IHBD and EHBD wall thickening, bile duct dilation, EHBD stricture, and periportal oedema were observed in the IBD-PSC group. Peribiliary T2-weighted hyperintensities and contrast-enhancement were significantly more common in the IBD-PSC group than in the IBD and HC groups (48% and 35%, respectively) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Detection of biliary irregularities on MRE had a specificity of 94% (95% CI: 82-99%), a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI: 72-99%), and a positive likelihood ratio of 14.0 (95% CI: 4.7-42.1) for the diagnosis of PSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of assessing and reporting hepatobiliary abnormalities visible in the MRE of patients with IBD to avoid a delayed diagnosis of PSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e613-e621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/b4/PJR-87-48265.PMC9749785.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right adrenal vein identification using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Koji Yamashita,&nbsp;Noriaki Wada,&nbsp;Seitaro Shin,&nbsp;Tetsuhiro Watanabe,&nbsp;Kiyomi Furuya,&nbsp;Shino Harada,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Noguchi","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.121236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.121236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known to be useful in characterizing adrenal adenomas through the implementation of in-phase (IPI) and opposed-phase imaging (OPI) based on chemical shift artifacts. However, whether unenhanced MRI can contribute to the identification of right adrenal vein (RAV) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of unenhanced MRI for the identification of RAV.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients (16 men; median age 60 years; range 34-76 years) who underwent MRI and subsequent adrenal venous sampling (AVS). Chemical shift MRI was acquired using echo times of 2.3 ms (OPI) and 4.6 ms (IPI) with a slice thickness of 3 mm and a gap of 1 mm. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) was also performed. Identification of RAVs was performed by 2 independent radiologists. Inter-observer agreement on a 3-point rating scale was evaluated using κ statistics. The identification rate of RAVs was compared between OPI, IPI, and T2WI using McNemar's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Good inter-observer agreement was found for the OPI (κ = 0.744), whereas fair agreement was obtained for both other sequences (IPI: κ = 0.375; T2WI: 0.348). For both raters, the identification rate of RAVs was higher with OPI (36/60; 60.0%) than with other sequences (IPI: 16/60, 26.7%; T2WI: 9/60, 15.0%; <i>p</i> < 0.05, each).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OPI may play a screening role in the identification of RAVs preceding AVS, which could reduce the required radiation exposure and doses of contrast agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e592-e596"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/7e/PJR-87-48193.PMC9749782.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10405458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous catheter drainage in retroperitoneal abscesses: a single centre's 8-year experience.","authors":"Gulsah Yildirim,&nbsp;Hakki Karakas","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.115815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.115815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We have investigated the technical and clinical success of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in retroperitoneal abscesses and factors that may affect the outcome.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study cohort included 45 patients (17 females and 29 males, with mean age of 56.3 years) that were treated between 2012 and 2020. Forty-seven abscesses were managed with PCD under ultrasonography, computed tomography, or fluoroscopy guidance. Patients' demographics, lesion locations, predisposing factors, clini-cal presentation, etiology, radiological findings, technical factors, and outcome parameters were presented using exploratory and descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abscesses were located in the psoas (<i>n</i> = 25, 55.3%), renal-perirenal (<i>n</i> = 7, 14.8%), and pararenal (<i>n</i> = 14, 29.7%) compartments. The mean preprocedural volume was 263.3 (30-1310) ml. Pain (abdominal and back) (57.4%) and fever (17%) were the most frequent presenting symptoms. The most common predisposing factors were previous surgery (<i>n</i> = 17, 36.1%) and diabetes mellitus (<i>n</i> = 11, 25.5%). Clinical success was attained in 89.3% of abscesses (definitive treatment 72.3% and partial success 17.0%). There was a statistically significant difference between the iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic groups regarding clinical success (<i>p</i> = 0.031). No mortality was encountered. The complication rate was 6.6% and were all minor. The average rate of recurrence was 10.6%. The mean time to catheter removal was 15.8 ± 13.2 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PCD is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of retroperitoneal abscesses. Procedure-related mortality, morbidity, and complication rates are low. Underlying etiology is a significant factor affecting the outcome. Nevertheless, PCD may provide definitive treatment in the majority of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e238-e245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/1b/PJR-87-46913.PMC9093211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10250717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of hepatobiliary lesions and its correlation with pathological findings.","authors":"Krishan Kumar,&nbsp;Sandeep Kaur,&nbsp;Rupinderjeet Kaur,&nbsp;Taranjeet Kaur,&nbsp;Paramdeep Singh","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.123563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.123563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in assessing hepatobiliary lesions, and to correlate the findings of CEUS for hepatobiliary lesions with those of pathological examination performed through fine needle aspiration.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included 50 patients with hepatobiliary lesions, who were referred for CEUS. The findings of CEUS were correlated with pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CEUS was determined to be a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for the detection and characterization of hepatobiliary lesions, with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CEUS being 100.0%, 96.8%, 66.7%, 100.0%, and 96.7%, respectively, when correlated with pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CEUS is a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality for the detection and characterization of hepatobiliary lesions, with wide availability in the present scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e661-e667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/b1/PJR-87-49581.PMC9834068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of coronary arteries in congenital heart disease in children: diagnostic comparison of electrocardiogram-gated and non-electro-cardiogram-gated computed tomography cardiac angiography.","authors":"Kushaljit Singh Sodhi,&nbsp;Anmol Bhatia,&nbsp;Pratyaksha Rana,&nbsp;Shameema Farook,&nbsp;Akshay K Saxena,&nbsp;Harkant S Baryah,&nbsp;Anand K Mishra,&nbsp;Rohit Manoj","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.123855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.123855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the visualization and anatomy of coronary arteries in children (≤ 2 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD) on non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated and ECG-gated computed tomography angiography (CTA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, approved by the Ethics Committee of our institute, evaluation of coronary arteries in CHD was performed in 40 children on non-ECG-gated CTA and in 42 children on ECG-gated CTA. The origin and course of the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending (LAD) artery, and left circumflex (LCX) artery were evaluated by 2 paediatric radiologists independently.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECG-gated CT scans yielded increased (additional) visualization of all the coronary arteries, when compared to non-ECG-gated CT scans. The RCA, LMCA, LAD artery, and LCX artery were visualized in 47.5%, 62.5%, 55%, and 32.5% of children, respectively, on non-ECG-gated studies, while they were visualized in 64.3%, 92.8%, 80.9%, and 62% children, respectively, on ECG-gated studies. The coronary artery anatomical variations were also supplementarily detected more in the ECG-gated group (23.8%) than in the non-ECG gated group (2.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECG-gated CT cardiac angiography studies yield enhanced diagnostic outcomes for the evaluation of the coronary arteries in comparison to non-ECG-gated studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e688-e693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/9b/PJR-87-49806.PMC9834070.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative imaging findings among different primary betacoronaviruses.","authors":"Wilson Sharp,&nbsp;Isabel Jang,&nbsp;Michael J Diaz,&nbsp;Leila C Tou,&nbsp;Charles A Agyemang,&nbsp;Rebekah E Carter,&nbsp;Sarah Sevigny,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.121763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.121763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Coronaviruses (CoV) are single-stranded RNA viruses that transmit from animal species to humans, causing a threat to global health. We aim to summarize common imaging findings of 3 betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs) and the common clinical manifestation, to provide a better understanding of the courses of the disease.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched for the terms \"SARS-CoV\" OR \"COVID-19\" OR \"MERS-CoV\". Imaging-specific searches included keyword searches for \"CT\" AND \"imaging\". Clinical presentation-specific searches included keyword searches for \"clinical\" AND \"manifestation\" AND \"cardio-vascular\" OR \"neurology\" OR \"gastrointestinal\" OR \"hematology\". In total, 77 articles were selected for discussion in the current literature review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Human b-CoVs infection presented consistent indications of ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening. Pleural effusion was also common in all 3 b-CoVs, but it was least present in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bilateral lung involvement was common to both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiovascular, neurological, haematological, and gastrointestinal were common clinical presentations found in patients infected with b-CoVs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The comparison of imaging findings can be applied in clinical practice to distinguish the 3 CoV through different imaging modalities. It is crucial to understand the possible imaging findings and clinical presentations to better understand the course of the disease as well as prepare for future variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e641-e651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/fb/PJR-87-48383.PMC9749786.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-centre experience in the endovascular treatment of acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion: an observational analytical 3-year study.","authors":"Dominykas Kaupas,&nbsp;Ramona Matusevičiūtė,&nbsp;Rytis Stasys Kaupas","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.123551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.123551","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To retrospectively evaluate single-centre experience in endovascular therapy (EVT) of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion by assessing technical success, mortality, and its dependence on the level and aetiology of occlusion. Material and methods Eighty patients presented with acute SMA occlusion and underwent EVT at our centre from 2018 to 2020. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). Based on findings of CTA and digital subtraction angiography, we classified all cases by the number of SMA large branches that remained non-occluded (ostial, proximal, distal occlusion), as well as according to aetiology (embolic, thrombotic). Technical success was evaluated according to restoration of blood flow to the SMA stem and all large branches (successful, partially successful, failure). Results Thrombotic aetiology was identified in 25.0% and embolic in 75.0% of patients. We distinguished 3 occlusion level types: ostial occlusion (23.8%), proximal occlusion (47.5%), and distal occlusion (28.7%). 67.5% of cases were technically successful, 12.5% were partially successful, and 20.0% resulted in technical failure. The 30-day mortality rate was 55.0%. EVT technical success did not statistically depend on the aetiology or on the level of occlusion. The aetiology of occlusion had no statistical significance regarding intrahospital mortality. In the group with EVT failure, fewer non-occluded large branches meant more fatal cases, and vice versa. Conclusions Despite EVT technical success rates being adequate, mortality rates remain extremely high. While the occlusion level appeared to have no influence over EVT technical success rates, it may be a potentially useful prognostic factor in the case of failed recanalization. Aetiology of the occlusion seemed to have no impact on technical success or mortality.","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e652-e660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/9e/PJR-87-49574.PMC9834065.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9098848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of posterior cranial fossa morphometric measurements in Chiari type I patients with and without syrinx cavity on magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Gulec Mert Dogan,&nbsp;Ahmet Sigirci,&nbsp;Bora Tetik,&nbsp;Ramazan Pasahan,&nbsp;Cagatay Onal,&nbsp;Ahmet K Arslan","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.123895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.123895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the posterior fossa measurements of Chiari type I malformation (CHM1) patients with and without syrinx and with a control group.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The patients with syrinx were divided into 2 groupd according to syrinx width/cord width (S/C) ratios: group 1 - S/C ratio < 50%; group 2 - S/C ratio > 50%. The length of the clivus, the AP length of the foramen magnum, the AP length of the posterior fossa, the perpendicular distance between the McRae line and (a) the splenium of corpus callosum, (b) the pons, and (c) the fastigium of the 160 patients and of the 160 control patients were statistically compared. In addition, the measurements of the patients with and without syrinx, according to the S/C ratio, were statistically compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Syrinx was present in 59 (36.8 %) of the 160 patients. The S/C ratio was < 50% in 30 (50.9 %) of them, and S/C ratio > 50% in 29 (49.1%) of them. All the measurements in the patient group, except of the AP length of the foramen magnum, were statistically significantly lower than in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the measurements of the patients with syrinx group 1 and the patients without syrinx, but the AP length of posterior fossa was statistically significantly lower in the patients with syrinx group 2 than the patients without syrinx (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The S/C ratio can be a guide to the underlying aetiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e694-e700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/4c/PJR-87-49810.PMC9834072.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9098853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"The beneficial role of electrochemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer - radiological perspective\".","authors":"Vincenza Granata,&nbsp;Raffaele Palaia,&nbsp;Francesco Izzo","doi":"10.5114/pjr.2022.123567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2022.123567","url":null,"abstract":"We read with interest the article from Dr. Kozak and colleagues in “Polish Journal of Radiology” [1], in which they assessed irreversible electroporation (IRE) as an interesting tool in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). We congratulate the authors on their accuracy in data presentation about IRE in LAPC reporting recently published manuscripts [2-4]. However, we would like to clarify several data and report some recent results on electrochemotherapy in LAPC. Reversible and irreversible electroporation are 2 different modalities to apply an electric field with the aim of permeabilising the cell membrane and obtaining a different effect: in the first case, the transient permeabilization of cell membrane facilitates drug delivery; in the second case, the cell membrane permeabilized irreversibly will subsequently undergo cell death. Therefore, the correct use of the term “electrochemotherapy” (ECT) is associated with a combination therapy based on electric pulses and drugs, i.e. a combined low-dose of chemotherapeutic drugs with an electrical field that determines a transient increase of cell permeability (reversible electroporation), allowing uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs into the tumour, using low doses and reducing the cytotoxic effects [4,5]. Therefore, in contrast to what was reported Dr Kozak and colleagues [1], IRE cannot be defined with the term of ECT, and, although both IRE and ECT can be safely used to treat LAPC patients, these techniques are profoundly different [6-10]. Some authors have evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of electrochemotherapy on deep tumours [6-18]. In our previous study we showed that electrochemotherapy on pancreatic tumours can be performed safely and feasibly [6]. No side effects or major complications, no clinically relevant elevation of amylase and lipase levels, and no evidence of clinical pancreatitis were observed in the LAPC patients treated with ECT. Although it has been shown that ECT is a promising technique for cancer treatment, there is still the problem of how to assess treated tumour response. ECT potentiates the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy, and therefore the Choi criteria would appear to be more suitable for early treatment evaluation [8]. We demonstrated that local disease control (partial response) obtained according to Choi criteria was obtained in 18/18 (100.0%) patients treated with ECT [8]. In conclusion, we believe that the readers of “Polish Journal of Radiology” should know that the term IRE should not be confused with the term electrochemotherapy, which is reserved for a combination of low doses of chemotherapeutic drugs with an electrical field that determines a transient increase of cell permeability (reversible electroporation) [13-18].","PeriodicalId":47128,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Radiology","volume":"87 ","pages":"e668-e669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/cd/PJR-87-49585.PMC9834069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9098852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}