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Chromium Stabilization Chemistry of Paint Removal Wastes in Portland Cement and Blast Furnace Slag 硅酸盐水泥和高炉炉渣脱漆废渣中铬的稳定化学研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.83
J. Boy, T. Race, K. Reinbold, J. Bukowski, Xiaofeng Zhu
{"title":"Chromium Stabilization Chemistry of Paint Removal Wastes in Portland Cement and Blast Furnace Slag","authors":"J. Boy, T. Race, K. Reinbold, J. Bukowski, Xiaofeng Zhu","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.83","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of cement based systems for solidification and stabilization of hazardous wastes has been proposed. The stabilization of Cr contaminated paint removal wastes in ordinary Portland cement and in a Portland cement and blast furnace slag matrix was investigated. A loading by volume of 75% waste and 25% cement (or cement + slag) was used. The expression of pore solution was utilized to determine the chemical environment encountered by the waste species in the cement matrix. The highly alkaline conditions of ordinary Portland cement determined the stability of the metal species, with Cr being highly soluble. The replacement of 25% of the Portland cement by blast furnace slag was found to decrease the [OH-] of the pore solution resulting in a decrease of the Cr concentration. For cement wastes forms hydrated for 28 days, the Cr concentration decreased in the expressed pore solution. During the TCLP tests the cement waste form and extraction solution were found to react, changing the chemistry of...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"794 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123907413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Dynamics of toluene degradation in biofilters 生物滤池中甲苯降解动力学研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.207
Hsiu-Mu Tang, Shyh-Jye Hwang, S. Hwang
{"title":"Dynamics of toluene degradation in biofilters","authors":"Hsiu-Mu Tang, Shyh-Jye Hwang, S. Hwang","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.207","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradation processes have been validated as a promising alternative to other conventional air pollution control technologies. The objective of this research was to systematically investigate the transient behavior of shut down and restart-up operation and shock loading of the biofilter. Experiments were conducted in three laboratory-scale biofilters with mixtures of chaff/compost, D.E. (diatomaceous earth)/compost, and GAC (granular activated carbon)/compost, respectively as the filter materials. Toluene was used as the gas pollutant in this study. The response of each biofilter to shock loading was studied by abruptly changing the concentration or flow rate of the inlet gas. For each transient operation, toluene concentration was continuously measured until a new steady state was achieved. The results indicated that the biofilters responded effectively to the shut down and restart-up operation and shock loading of toluene concentration or gas flow rate. Moreover, the highly adsorptive GAC could improve the biofilter performance, especially for the treatment of less water soluble compounds such as toluene. Therefore, the GAC/compost biofilter had the highest maximum elimination capacity of 97 (g hr{sup {minus}1} m{sup {minus}3}). 17 refs., 8 figs.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114546746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Study of the Thermal Degradation of Hexachlorobenzene in the Presence of a Hydrogen Donor (CH4) CH4存在下六氯苯热降解的研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.119
N. E. Mejdoub, L. Delfosse
{"title":"Study of the Thermal Degradation of Hexachlorobenzene in the Presence of a Hydrogen Donor (CH4)","authors":"N. E. Mejdoub, L. Delfosse","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, laboratory results and theoretical studies concerning the high-temperature gasphase thermal decomposition of hexachlorobenzene in the presence of a hydrogen donor (methane) are reported. The reaction was studied in tubular reactors under a pressure of one bar, with mean residence times of 0.4, 1.2 and 2.4 s, in the temperature range 900-1200°C. Studies of the effect of methane concentration on the conversion of Cl2 into HCl suggest that the oxygen concentration, the reaction duration and temperature play an important role in the conversion of chlorine to hydrochloric acid. During pyrolysis under a nitrogen atmosphere, total conversion is reached at 1200°C, with a Cl/H ratio lower than 0.15, and a residence time of the order of 2 to 3 s. However, this technique is not desirable, due to important amounts of soot formed in the cold part of the reactor as well as to graphitic carbon deposition on the reactor walls. In the presence of oxygen, the chlorine conversion into hydrogen chlori...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128746883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Performance Characterization of a Laboratory-Scale Bioreactor with Liquid Suspensions of Alcaligenes Eutrophus JMP134 富营养化Alcaligenes JMP134液体悬浮液实验室规模生物反应器的性能表征
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.195
D. J. McKay, J. S. Morse
{"title":"Performance Characterization of a Laboratory-Scale Bioreactor with Liquid Suspensions of Alcaligenes Eutrophus JMP134","authors":"D. J. McKay, J. S. Morse","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Trichloroethylene (TCE) was degraded in a single-stage, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) bioreactor containing pure cultures of liquid-dispersed Alcali genes eutrophus JMP134. Phenol was supplied as the sole source of carbon and energy for induction of catabolic activities. Operating conditions were varied in a series of randomly ordered experiments. The independent variables were influent TCE concentration, influent phenol concentration, and hydraulic residence time. The dependent variable was the percent of influent TCE degraded or degradation efficiency. The highest degradation efficiency observed was 98.6%. An empirical equation was fitted to the data in the form of degradation efficiency as a function of the three independent variables. A close match was achieved between the equation and the data. This equation is valid only where the phenol was oxidized below the level of detection in the effluent (150 μg/L). This equation is useful for bioreactor design and operation. Hydraulic res...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The inhibitory effects of chlorocarbon addition to fuel-rich methane/air combustion 加氯碳对富燃料甲烷/空气燃烧的抑制作用
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.51
Limin Wang, R. Barat
{"title":"The inhibitory effects of chlorocarbon addition to fuel-rich methane/air combustion","authors":"Limin Wang, R. Barat","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.51","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to its implications for incineration of chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes, the inhibitory effects of CH3Cl on an atmospheric pressure fuel-rich CH4/air premixed laminar flat flame have been studied through stable species concentration measurements and detailed chemical modeling. The chlorocarbon doping results in consistently higher observed CO/CO2 ratios. Chemical pathway analyses derived from the detailed mechanistic flame modeling indicates that this inhibition results from the slowdown of CO burnout by OH, and reduced utilization of O2 by H. These inhibiting effects are due to consumption of OH and H by HCl, which is generated primarily from fast H abstractions by Cl. The H2 formed by the reaction of H with HCl also consumes OH. This represents a shift in product slate away from CO2 to H2O.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Leaching study of thermally treated cadmium-doped soils 热处理镉掺杂土壤的淋溶研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.233
Yu-Ling Wei
{"title":"Leaching study of thermally treated cadmium-doped soils","authors":"Yu-Ling Wei","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.233","url":null,"abstract":"Soils doped with cadmium were effectively immobilized by thermal treatment in a bench-scale fluidized- and fixed-bed incinerator. Toxicity characteristics leachability procedure (TCLP) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Cd immobilization by thermal treatment of the doped soils. USEPA SW846 Methods 3050 and 3051 were performed to determine the presumptive total Cd content in the untreated and treated soils. Experimental parameters include thermal treatment temperature and time. Cd content in acidic and noncalcareous soils, sorbent type and amount added, soil particle diameter, and incinerator mode. Results illustrate that Cd in soils of smaller diameter is less effectively immobilized. At a temperature of 600{degrees}C, a treating time of 30 minutes, and a Cd content of 91.3 ppm in pre-treated sample, thermal treatment in fluidized-bed mode reduces Cd leaching percentage from 17% and 75% (untreated soil) to 12 and 22% for soils of particle size 16-20 mesh and 45-50 mesh, respectively. Data of treating 150-ppm Cd-doped soils in fluidized-bed mode at 600{degrees}C for 30 minutes show an increase of leaching percentage from 8.8 to 13% as Cd content in soils is increased from 75.0 to 175.0 ppm. The constancy of leaching percentage from soils treated in fluidized-bed mode is obviously due tomore » high degree of mixing. As the treating temperature increases (from 150{degrees}C to 750{degrees}C). Cd is better immobilized in mixtures. Excessive addition of sorbents will reduce their adsorption effectiveness of Cd for each unit mass of sorbent. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fit the sorption data quite successfully with all correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.984. 14 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.« less","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"478 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123230984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Chemical oxidation of BTX using Fenton`s reagent Fenton试剂对BTX的化学氧化
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.185
J. Lou, S. S. Lee
{"title":"Chemical oxidation of BTX using Fenton`s reagent","authors":"J. Lou, S. S. Lee","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Fenton's reagent has proven to be an economically feasible and effective oxidant to destruct an extensive variety of hazardous wastes. In this work, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) were selected as model compounds subjected to oxidation using Fenton's reagent under batch conditions. Various factors deemed critical in optimizing the oxidation of organics were studied. Test results indicated that BTX can be effectively oxidized in aqueous solutions with Fenton's reagent. At a H2O2: BTX: Fe+2 ratio of 12: 1: 60 (mg/L), the dissolved BTX can be completely removed in a period less than ten minutes. A rate equation was derived for predicting the residual concentration of BTX in terms of the contact time.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Biodegradation of Select Organic Pollutants in Soil Columns Under Denitrifying Conditions 反硝化条件下土壤柱中部分有机污染物的生物降解
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.27
K. Ramanand, M. Balba, J. Duffy
{"title":"Biodegradation of Select Organic Pollutants in Soil Columns Under Denitrifying Conditions","authors":"K. Ramanand, M. Balba, J. Duffy","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.27","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The majority of the biotreatability studies has been confined to laboratory flask assay level. However, these studies may not provide sufficient information for extrapolation to full-scale bioremediation. In this study, laboratory soil columns were used to closely simulate in-situ field conditions and predict the fate of certain aromatic compounds under denitrifying conditions. The soil columns, after sufficient acclimation period, metabolized toluene rapidly with concomitant nitrate consumption. Approximately 6.48 moles of nitrate was utilized per mole of toluene metabolized. This stoichiometry suggested that about 90% of the substrate was mineralized. Increasing the toluene loading rate from 23.4 to 93.5 mg/kg soil/day had no detrimental influence on the microbial degradative capabilities. When sufficient time was allowed for acclimation, the soil microbiota was able to cross-adapt to degrade other aromatic substrates including ethylbenzene, 2-, and 3-fluorobenzoic acid, and 2-, and 3-chlorophe...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116979521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evaluation of Biological Treatability of Soil Contaminated with Manufactured Gas Plant Waste 工业废气污染土壤的生物处理性评价
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-12-31 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.221
J. Ginn, R. Sims, I. Murarka
{"title":"Evaluation of Biological Treatability of Soil Contaminated with Manufactured Gas Plant Waste","authors":"J. Ginn, R. Sims, I. Murarka","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The biological treatability of subsurface soil contaminated with manufactured gas plant (MGP) waste was evaluated. Mineralization assays incorporating 14C-phenanthrene were used to evaluate the biotransformation potential of indigenous microorganisms at the site. Multi-phase laboratory microcosms were used to evaluate the interphase transfer potential and chemical mass distribution of phenanthrene. The Microtox™ bioassay was used to evaluate detoxification trends at the site. Mineralization results indicated that indigenous microorganisms at the site were capable of transforming phenanthrene, a component of coal-tar creosote. Results also indicated that spiked 14C-phenanthrene mineralization was influenced by nutrient addition and by the amount of contamination. The chemical mass distribution of 14C-phenanthrene indicated that volatilization may be an important transport mechanism for chemicals residing in, or migrating to the vadose zone of soil. Following removal of the coal-tar waste source at...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131062960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Migration and Atmospheric Emission of Landfill Gas 垃圾填埋气体的迁移和大气排放
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1995-04-10 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1995.12.309
M. El-Fadel, A. Findikakis, J. Leckie
{"title":"Migration and Atmospheric Emission of Landfill Gas","authors":"M. El-Fadel, A. Findikakis, J. Leckie","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1995.12.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1995.12.309","url":null,"abstract":"Gas generation due primarily to microbial decomposition is an inevitable consequence of the practice of solid waste disposal in landfills. Subsequent gas migration within the landfill and its potential emission to the atmosphere are dependent on the pressure and concentration gradients of the gas inside the landfill as well as many factors related to transport properties of the gas itself (viscosity, diffusivity) and the physical characteristics of the waste (permeability, moisture content, porosity). Temperature plays an important role in defining the gas movement because it strongly influences the gas transport properties as well as biochemical processes controlling gas production within the landfill. This paper presents a one-dimensional numerical gas flow model which predicts the time development of the pressure and gas concentration profiles, and the time variation of the total gas emission from landfills. The model accounts for effects of temperature variations with time on gas transport properties and biochemical processes. It was used to simulate gas emission data from the Mountain View Controlled Landfill Project, California.","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131035138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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