{"title":"Towards imaging the infant brain at play.","authors":"Aleksandra A W Dopierala, Lauren L Emberson","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2023.2206204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2023.2206204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants' first-person experiences are crucial to early cognitive and neural development. To a vast extent, these early experiences involve play, which in infancy takes the form of object exploration. While at the behavioral level infant play has been studied both using specific tasks and in naturalistic scenarios, the neural correlates of object exploration have largely been studied in highly controlled task settings. These neuroimaging studies did not tap into the complexities of everyday play and what makes object exploration so important for development. Here, we review selected infant neuroimaging studies, spanning from typical, highly controlled screen-based studies on object perception to more naturalistic designs and argue for the importance of studying the neural correlates of key behaviors such as object exploration and language comprehension in naturalistic settings. We suggest that the advances in technology and analytic approaches allow measuring the infant brain at play with the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Naturalistic fNIRS studies offer a new and exciting avenue to studying infant neurocognitive development in a way that will draw us away from our laboratory constructs and into an infant's everyday experiences that support their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2206204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10173788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10563584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Niemeyer Reissig, Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira, André Geremia Parise, Ádrya Vanessa Lira Costa, Douglas Antônio Posso, Cesar Valmor Rombaldi, Gustavo Maia Souza
{"title":"Approximate entropy: a promising tool to understand the hidden electrical activity of fruit.","authors":"Gabriela Niemeyer Reissig, Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira, André Geremia Parise, Ádrya Vanessa Lira Costa, Douglas Antônio Posso, Cesar Valmor Rombaldi, Gustavo Maia Souza","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2023.2195236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2023.2195236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruits, like other parts of the plant, appear to have a rich electrical activity that may contain information. Here, we present data showing differences in the electrome complexity of tomato fruits through ripening and discuss possible physiological processes involved. The complexity of the signals, measured through approximate entropy, varied along the fruit ripening process. When analyzing the fruits individually, a decrease in entropy values was observed when they entered the breaker stage, followed by a tendency to increase again when they entered the light red stage. Consequently, the data obtained showed a decrease in signal complexity in the breaker stage, probably due to some physiological process that ends up predominating to the detriment of others. This result may be linked to processes involved in ripening, such as climacteric. Electrophysiological studies in the reproductive stage of the plant are still scarce, and research in this direction is of paramount importance to understand whether the electrical signals observed can transmit information from reproductive structures to other modules of plants. This work opens the possibility of studying the relationship between the electrical activity and fruit ripening through the analysis of approximate entropy. More studies are necessary to understand whether there is a correlation or a cause-response relationship in the phenomena involved. There is a myriad of possibilities for the applicability of this knowledge to different areas, from understanding the cognitive processes of plants to achieving more accurate and sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"2195236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Shomali, Mohammad Sadegh Vafaei Sadi, Mohammad Reza Bakhtiarizadeh, Sasan Aliniaeifard, Anthony Trewavas, Paco Calvo
{"title":"Identification of intelligence-related proteins through a robust two-layer predictor.","authors":"Aida Shomali, Mohammad Sadegh Vafaei Sadi, Mohammad Reza Bakhtiarizadeh, Sasan Aliniaeifard, Anthony Trewavas, Paco Calvo","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2143101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2143101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we advance a robust methodology for identifying specific intelligence-related proteins across phyla. Our approach exploits a support vector machine-based classifier capable of predicting intelligence-related proteins based on a pool of meaningful protein features. For the sake of illustration of our proposed general method, we develop a novel computational two-layer predictor, Intell_Pred, to predict query sequences (proteins or transcripts) as intelligence-related or non-intelligence-related proteins or transcripts, subsequently classifying the former sequences into learning and memory-related classes. Based on a five-fold cross-validation and independent blind test, Intell_Pred obtained an average accuracy of 87.48 and 88.89, respectively. Our findings revealed that a score >0.75 (during prediction by Intell_Pred) is a well-grounded choice for predicting intelligence-related candidate proteins in most organisms across biological kingdoms. In particular, we assessed seismonastic movements and associate learning in plants and evaluated the proteins involved using Intell_Pred. Proteins related to seismonastic movement and associate learning showed high percentages of similarities with intelligence-related proteins. Our findings lead us to believe that Intell_Pred can help identify the intelligence-related proteins and their classes using a given protein/transcript sequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9673931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40697761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On stimulus persistence and human behavior: the stimulus persistence unification theory.","authors":"Tobore Onojighofia Tobore","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2141954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2141954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A person trapped in a building engulfed in a raging fire, a person dealing with severe chronic disease, people dealing with a virus pandemic, and people fighting in a protracted war may appear dissimilar but are fundamentally in a similar situation and their behaviors follow a predictable and similar pattern. In this paper, the behaviors of rational people dealing with a significant persistent unpleasant, or dangerous stimulus that is inescapable are elucidated. The unique modulatory effects of stimulus persistence on human behavior as well as the role of means and interest are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"240-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40708268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Island biogeography, competition, and abiotic filtering together control species richness in habitat islands formed by nurse tree canopies in an arid environment.","authors":"Ali A Al-Namazi, Stephen P Bonser","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2139471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2139471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The theory of island biogeography predicts that island size is a key predictor of community species richness. Islands can include any habitat surrounded environments that are inhospitable to the resident species. In arid environments, nurse trees act as islands in an environment uninhabitable to many plant species, and the size of the canopy controls the size of the understory plant community. We predicted that plant species richness will be affected by the area of the habitat and decrease with habitat isolation. We sampled the adult and seedling plant communities at canopy center, canopy edge, and outside canopy microhabitats. We found that species richness in both adult and seedling communities increases with increasing island area. However, richness in seedling communities was greater than in adult communities, and this effect was greatest at the canopy center microhabitat. Competition has been demonstrated to be more important in controlling species distributions near the canopy center, and stress is more important near the canopy edge. Thus, our results suggest that neutral forces, biotic interactions, and abiotic filtering act together to control species richness in these island communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40448186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical spiking of psilocybin fungi.","authors":"Antoni Gandia, Andrew Adamatzky","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2136118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2136118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psilocybin fungi, aka \"magic\" mushrooms, are well known for inducing colorful and visionary states of mind. Such psychoactive properties and the ease of cultivating their basidiocarps within low-tech setups make psilocybin fungi promising pharmacological tools for mental health applications. Understanding of the intrinsic electrical patterns occurring during the mycelial growth can be utilized for better monitoring the physiological states and needs of these species. In this study we aimed to shed light on this matter by characterizing the extra-cellular electrical potential of two popular species of psilocybin fungi: Psilocybe <i>tampanensis</i> and <i>P. cubensis</i>. As in previous experiments with other common edible mushrooms, the undisturbed fungi have shown to generate electric potential spikes and trains of spiking activity. This short analysis provides a proof of intrinsic electrical communication in psilocybin fungi, and further establishes these fungi as a valuable tool for studying fungal electro-physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9601536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tool and techniques study to plant microbiome current understanding and future needs: an overview.","authors":"Enespa, Prem Chandra","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2082736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2082736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms are present in the universe and they play role in beneficial and harmful to human life, society, and environments. Plant microbiome is a broad term in which microbes are present in the rhizo, phyllo, or endophytic region and play several beneficial and harmful roles with the plant. To know of these microorganisms, it is essential to be able to isolate purification and identify them quickly under laboratory conditions. So, to improve the microbial study, several tools and techniques such as microscopy, rRNA, or rDNA sequencing, fingerprinting, probing, clone libraries, chips, and metagenomics have been developed. The major benefits of these techniques are the identification of microbial community through direct analysis as well as it can apply <i>in situ</i>. Without tools and techniques, we cannot understand the roles of microbiomes. This review explains the tools and their roles in the understanding of microbiomes and their ecological diversity in environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"209-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9367660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40709781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A general theory of consciousness II: <i>The language problem</i>.","authors":"Abraham Peper","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2101194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2101194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is generally assumed that what we hear in our head is what we think and that, when we tell a thought to somebody else, the other person understands what our thought has been. This paper analyzes how we think and what happens when we communicate our thoughts verbally to others and to ourselves. The assumption that we become conscious in language is erroneous: verbal communication is only an intermediary. The conscious experience of verbal communication is a sensory phenomenon. We think through sensory images (see Part I). This natural way of thinking, is a very refined and accurate method of translating thought into consciousness. It expresses our essentially unconscious neural cognitive activity in conscious sensory images: visual thinkers 'see' what they have thought. Why humans use verbal communication to express their thoughts to themselves is difficult to understand as the verbal way is extremely limited. The complex parallel cognitive activity has to be encoded into language tokens which are positioned sequentially as a string of symbols which somehow must express something comparable. Talking to oneself is directed to an imaginary person who is assumed to be the talking person himself. This imaginary person develops with the inner voice in infants and when the child grows up, that imaginary person remains there, somebody he talks to when he thinks and to which he attributes his feelings and his actions. The imaginary person is experienced as the human Self, but actually verbalizes the thoughts of the natural - animal - Self.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9361756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40715999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raffaela Lesch, Kurt Kotrschal, Andrew C Kitchener, W Tecumseh Fitch, Alexander Kotrschal
{"title":"The expensive-tissue hypothesis may help explain brain-size reduction during domestication.","authors":"Raffaela Lesch, Kurt Kotrschal, Andrew C Kitchener, W Tecumseh Fitch, Alexander Kotrschal","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2101196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2101196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphological traits, such as white patches, floppy ears and curly tails, are ubiquitous in domestic animals and are referred to as the 'domestication syndrome'. A commonly discussed hypothesis that has the potential to provide a unifying explanation for these traits is the 'neural crest/domestication syndrome hypothesis'. Although this hypothesis has the potential to explain most traits of the domestication syndrome, it only has an indirect connection to the reduction of brain size, which is a typical trait of domestic animals. We discuss how the expensive-tissue hypothesis might help explain brain-size reduction in domestication.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"190-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9359384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40716001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omni-local consciousness.","authors":"Andrew Lohrey, Bruce Boreham","doi":"10.1080/19420889.2022.2107726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2107726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a general discussion concerning the wholeness of what has been called infinite awareness, but here is called Omni-local consciousness. This model of consciousness has an interconnecting structure that has both local and nonlocal features, that is, the model contains local conscious human minds and locates them within an infinite (Omni) background context of consciousness. This holistic model of Omni-local consciousness is exemplified through an examination of its internal structures of meaning, evident in the exchange relations between its two polarities: local minds and nonlocal, Omni consciousness. Following David Bohm's assertion that, 'The activity of consciousness is determined by meaning' [10, p. 102], we propose that the content of consciousness in every circumstance is always defined by the metaphysical conditions of meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":39647,"journal":{"name":"Communicative and Integrative Biology","volume":" ","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/3b/KCIB_15_2107726.PMC9415576.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33444853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}