Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica最新文献

{"title":"Assortment of the plants in the Medieval diet in Czech countries (based on archaeobotanical finds).","authors":"V Culíková","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The finds of remains of useful plants in archaeological objects were drawing attention already in the last century. However, it was not until after the World War II, in relation with renovation of historical cores of the towns, when a separate branch of the botany--archaeobotany constituted. In the Czech Republic it was E. Opravil who was the first to become engaged in a systematic archaeobotanical research at the beginning of the 60's. All the vegetal remains--fruits and seeds on the first place as well as pollen grains from prehistoric times to the post-medieval period, are the subjects of archaeobotany. The medieval waste pits are the richest sources of the vegetal remains. They contain a lot of diasporas of cultural as well as wild plants. The remains of useful plants are an authentic document of the vegetal component of diet. Even though some vegetal species, such as for example garlic, onion or stalk-plants, about whose cultivation we are informed from literature, occur only seldom, there appeared also the species not mentioned in literature. All the basic cereals have been known in our country already since the early Middle Ages. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secale cereale), as well as millet (Panicum miliaceum) that, along with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), were replaced by potatoes in the modern times were the most important. Also leguminous plants were of great importance in the diet even though their charred seeds seldom preserved. Remains of oil plants such as hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and poppy (Papaver somniferum) preserved well. It was successfully proved that cucumber (Cucumis sativus), among other numerous kinds of vegetables, was introduced by the Slavs already in the 8th century in Moravia and in the 9th century in Bohemia. The assortment of fruit was rich--especially the assortment of cultivated fruit. Among the imported kinds of fruit the first place occupied figs (Ficus carica), from the numerous finds it can be said that they formed a common part of the diet. Among imported fruit and spices from the peak period of the Middle Ages we succeeded in finding a date-tree (Phoenix dactylifera), nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans) and, by means of pollen analysis, maybe a clove tree (Eugenia caryophyllata).</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"41 1-4","pages":"105-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25055626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A re-evaluation of localized hypoplasia of the primary canine as a marker of craniofacial osteopenia in European Upper Paleolithic infants.","authors":"M Skinner,&nbsp;E Newell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Localized hypoplasia of the primary canine (LHPC) occurs in prehistoric and contemporary populations with prevalence varying from 0 to 89%. One of the highest prevalences ever reported is Upper Paleolithic infants from Europe where 70% are affected. In that LHPC is found in relatively high proportions of contemporary children with reported or suspected malnutrition, it is important to investigate the etiology of LHPC. Previous research indicates that LHPC occurs in two steps: craniofacial osteopenia results in temporary fenestration of the cortical bone overlying the primary canine crypt; secondly, minor physical trauma to the perioral region impacts on the unprotected forming tooth crown resulting in a small pit visible on the labial surface of the erupted tooth. Investigation of the prenatal diet of mothers whose children are shown later to have LHPC found mothers are significantly low in vitamin A. Hitherto an animal model for this problem has been lacking. Recently Newell and Skinner have recognized that LHPC occurs very commonly in orangutans. Recent study of infant jaws from Pongo pygmaeus (n=75) and Pan paniscus (n=39) shows all stages of fenestration and healing of the labial bone of the primary canine crypt. 85% of orangutan and 62% of bonobos show LHPC. Current research is directed at bioavailability of vitamin A to ape infants. LHPC is a marker of malnutrition; a common factor that could link orangutan and Upper Paleolithic mothers is low dietary fat intake. A minimal level of dietary fat is required for gut absorption of both vitamin A and carotenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"41 1-4","pages":"41-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25055618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet reconstruction in the Roman era.","authors":"V Smrcka,&nbsp;J Jambor,&nbsp;J Gladykowska-Rzeczycka,&nbsp;A Marczik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The samples from the proximal femora were taken from 12 cementeries from the Roman period. The skeletons date from the 1st-4th centuries A.D. Trace element analysis was used in order to reconstruct the basic diet. The sites that best corresponded to the model of Old Germanic diet described by ancient authors \"meat, milk and cheese\" were found in the Pruszcz Gdanski East Pomerania region close to the Baltic sea as well as in region Halle (Niemberg) and not far from Donau (Sládkovicovo). This diet is characterized by a large amount of protein and consequently of zinc. In the original Old Germanic region in a time period of more than 1000 years (from 400 B.C. to 700 A.D.) there is the same type of trace elements sources for bones and also the same type of the diet. This possibly distinguishes Germanic soldiers (aboriginal) from others groups in Roman legionary camps. It seems that the Donau River is very important for predicting the type of diet in the Roman period. North of the river animal component prevails south of the river vegetal component prevails. The rich agricultural land along the Donau River and in the Pannonian plains affects social arrangement as well as the structure of bones in Germans and Sarmats in the 2nd-4th centuries. Lead became a civilization element. It appeared in the diet of the Greek and Romans. Contamination varied with different social classes. We have found higher lead concentration in the femurs of the Germans than in those of the Sarmatians. The highest concentration we found was in Pannonian towns (Gorsium, Sopianae) and legionary camps (Straubing, Gerulata). In reference to age, the maxima of the highest lead concentrations in Gerulata II are between 11 and 13 years of age and between 40 and 50 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"41 1-4","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25055621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elements and the European skeleton through 5000 years.","authors":"V Smrčka,&nbsp;J Jambor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For our research, one thousand forty-four samples were taken from the femurs of 522 skeletons from 25 sites in Europe from the Neolithic Age (4000-5000 B.C), from La Téne Period, the Roman Era (500 B.C-400 A.D.), the Middle Ages and from contemporary cadavers. We found the following distribution of elements in the longitudional axis of long bones (the femurs and the tibias). The elements Zn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Co and Sn cumulated in the epiphysis. On the other hand, we found that Ca, Sr, Na and K prevailed in the central part of the diaphysis. In the central parts of the cross-section the highest concentration of the metal element Pb was in the external layer from the historical femurs. It was the same with cadavers of the recent population. A specific shift from Neolithic farming to agricultural intensification in the Roman Era was also apparent in the skeletons. Special sources of the above mentioned elements were found both in Celtic and Germanic tribes. Meat is the main source of zinc. Zinc is also important for the growth of the skeleton. When we investigated the development of the human skeleton during the last 5000 years we found the highest concetrations of Zn in communities with a good supply of animal food, whereas the lowest concentrations were paralleled with well-developed agriculturists. We assume the Neolithic gracilization, which is in the background for the increase of agricultural populations, is directly linked with the concentration of Zn and other elements essential for growth (Cu, Fe and others). The individuals most vulnerable to zinc deficiency include infants, adolescents during rapid growth phases and women during pregnancy and lactation. Trace elements in the bones of the La Téne period designate two areas of Celtic diet patterns--a \"French one\" (Roulier, Mont Trote and Acy Romance) and a \"Czech one\" (Karlov, Radovesice and Jenisův Ujezd). At Czech sites levels of zinc increased westward towards the Germanic region. Over the Germanic territory in the region of the Saala River there are similar supply trace element sources for bones of the Germanic tribes for a period of more than 1000 years. The dietary customs and environment that formed this development were preserved from 400 B.C. to the period of the Merovingians. A specific ratio of Zn and Sr can be found not only in men, but also in woman and children. At the beginning of our era lead emerged as a civilization element. This element influenced the diet until the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 20th century it occurs much less in the population. On the contrary, we have found significant presence of tin in human bones. Cadavers of the modem population indicate a high content of tin, considerably higher than those in the populations from the beginning of our era (as much as 40 microg.g(-1) bone).</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"41 1-4","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25055619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of milk in nutrition and development of its consumption.","authors":"M Krivánek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author describes the development of milk consumption in CR since 1989 and its downward trend during the course of transformation period. He refers to the importance of milk proteins content and especially of calcium in dairy products. He compares the level of milk consumption in CR, in terms of milk proteins and milk fat content, with selected countries with developed dairying. He assumes that the drop of the average milk and dairy products consumption in the period 1989-1990 caused 140 mg reduction of daily calcium intake per 1 inhabitant.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20285911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone and mineral metabolism in transient hyperphosphatasaemia.","authors":"S Kutílek,&nbsp;M Bayer,&nbsp;J J Stĕpán","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transient hyperphosphatasaemia (TH) is a benign disorder characterized by transient elevation of S-ALP activity not exceeding duration of 4 months in children under 5 years of age, with elevated activity of bone isoenzymes of ALP with no signs of bone or liver disease and variable unrelated symptoms. We observed 19 children with TH and in 3 patients with markedly elevated S-ALP activity we found increased excretion of urinary hydroxyproline, suggesting increased bone resorption followed by bone formation. In 3 children with history of TH, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and found to be normal. Transient increased bone resorption followed by bone formation during the course of TH can not be ruled out, but this has no negative impact on BMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20285909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin in serum and synovial fluid of juvenile chronic arthritis patients.","authors":"M Bardare,&nbsp;F Corona,&nbsp;L Di Francesco,&nbsp;A Memeo,&nbsp;R Cimaz,&nbsp;E Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure the levels of two adhesion molecules (AM), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), in serum and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Both soluble AM levels were tested, in serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin in JCA patients were not significantly different from those of a control group. Synovial fluid levels of sICAM-1, but not of sE-selectin, assayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) in JCA patients than in controls. Moreover SF levels of both molecules correlated negatively with disease duration, being higher in the earliest phases. No significant correlations were found between JCA sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels and leukocyte count or ESR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These observations may signify a more important role of ICAM-1 than E-selectin in the migration of inflammatory cells into JCA SF. The negative correlation of both AMSF levels in JCA patients with disease duration could reflect a higher expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin during the earliest phases of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"81-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some remarks on management of juvenile chronic arthritis complicated by amyloidosis.","authors":"K Rostropowicz-Denisiewicz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective study of 66 juvenile arthritic patients with reactive amyloidosis for a mean 12 +/- 10.7 years (1 to 30 years) from the onset of amyloidosis was performed. Forty-seven of them received continuous long-term chlorambucil therapy. Nineteen remaining patients were not treated with cytostatics of less than 3 months. The mortality rate for the whole group was 54.5%. 63.8% of those treated with chlorambucil are alive (mean survival 23.1 +/- 2.5 years). All patients from untreated group died. Their mean survival was 3.2 +/- 2.2 years. Nine patients from another group had been given thymus peptides for six months. Recurrent infections of the urinary and respiratory tract was the main reason for this therapy. Follow-up of 1 to 6 years showed good therapeutic effect of thymus peptides on the disease activity, alleviation of the renal manifestations and decline in recurrent infections. Recently, immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulins has been applied to 13 patients with IgG deficiency, renal failure, and persistent nephrotic syndrome. Preliminary results of the immunoglobulin treatment encourage to the further study on this therapeutic method.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"91-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20287106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mass during growth: the effects of exercise. Exercise and mineral accrual.","authors":"S Bass,&nbsp;G Pearce,&nbsp;N Young,&nbsp;E Seeman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intense exercise during childhood and adolescence may result in primary amenorrhea and low peak bone mineral density (BMD). After puberty, exercise may result in secondary amenorrhea and bone loss. Higher BMD in amenorrheic athletes than amenorrheic sedentary persons suggests that exercise may partly offsets the effects of amenorrhea. To examine this possibility, we measured BMD (g/cm2) by dual x-ray absorptiometry in 32 ballet dancer and 23 healthy controls of comparable age with regular menstrual cycles, 34 pre-pubertal female gymnasts bone age 8.9 +/- 0.2 years and 37 girls matched by bone age. Dancers had normal BMD at the weight bearing sites, not low, despite having oligomenorrhea, not high despite 32 hours of week dancing. BMD was lower by 4-6 percent at the non-weight bearing sites. BMD diminished in the dancers at the weight bearing femoral neck (r = -0.29, P = 0.1) and trochanter (r = -0.31, P = 0.09), and at the non-weight bearing arms (r = -0.29, P = 0.09) with increasing duration of amenorrhea. Dancers with less than 40 months amenorrhea had 5 to 7% higher BMD at the weight bearing, but not non-weight bearing sites. Dancers with more than 40 months amenorrhea had normal, not higher BMD at weight bearing sites and deficits of about 5 percent at non-weight bearing sites. In gymnasts, BMD was 10-15 percent (or 1 SD) higher than the bone age-predicted mean. Exercise may not offset the effects of amenorrhea. Bone loss may continue but from a higher level, perhaps attained prior puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20285900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of bone growth and strength in juvenile (rheumatoid) arthritis. Interaction with other influences.","authors":"J Reeve","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75422,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica","volume":"40 1-4","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20285901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}