Geothermics最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of shear in granite fractures at Utah FORGE: Implications for EGS reservoir stimulation","authors":"U.C. Iyare ,&nbsp;L.P. Frash ,&nbsp;B. K C ,&nbsp;M. Meng ,&nbsp;W. Li ,&nbsp;Y. Madenova ,&nbsp;S.K. Peterson ,&nbsp;M.R. Gross ,&nbsp;M.M. Smith ,&nbsp;K.A. Kroll","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient heat transfer from hot dry rock to a working fluid requires the large surface area provided by fractures. These fractures are likely to include both tensile hydraulic fractures and natural shear fractures and faults. Maintaining flow through these fractures is vital for the performance of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Among numerous prior studies, there remains a lack of laboratory measurements to quantify shear fracture evolution in the coupled thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, and chemical (THMC) environment of a geothermal reservoir. To address this, we conducted triaxial direct-shear tests on crystalline, granitic rock samples from the Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (Utah-FORGE) site in Milford, Utah. We measured fracture permeability, aperture, strength, deformation, and effluent chemistry before and after shear slip under in-situ conditions at the Utah-FORGE site – replicating stress, pressure, temperature, minerology, and injectate water chemistry. Our results show that shear displacement can increase fracture permeability by up to an order of magnitude (factor of ∼10); however, in some cases, permeability decreased by up to two orders of magnitude (factor of ∼0.01), due to gouge formation, chemical alteration, stress cycling, and changes in surface roughness. Our tests also indicate in-situ shear is likely to produce smooth-planar shear surfaces (e.g., dilation angles &lt;7°), akin to slickensides, which reduces the benefit of shear fracture stimulation. Effluent analysis confirms rapid silicate and halite mineral dissolution and magnesium precipitation on FORGE samples, especially after shear stimulation. Our work provides key new measurements for modelling Utah-FORGE and similar granitic geothermal prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction between in-situ generated acid and carbonate rock at ultra-high temperatures: A fusion of kinetic mechanisms and experiments","authors":"PingLi Liu ,&nbsp;Guan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongzhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Du ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Jinming Liu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Tian ,&nbsp;Haoran Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of exploration, carbonate resource development has progressed to ultra-deep layers, with reservoir temperatures rising to ultra-high levels (&gt;180 °C). Effective acid fracturing under such conditions requires optimizing acid formulations and understanding acid-rock reaction mechanisms. This study optimized the formulation of in-situ generated acid for ultra-high temperatures and analyzed its acidogenic properties, dissolving capacity. The acid-rock reaction rate was measured using Rotating Disk Apparatus (RDA) and the effect of different factors on the reaction rate was analyzed. Experimental results showed that the optimal acid formulation involved a 1:1.5 molar ratio of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) to polyformaldehyde (POM) and a total concentration of 30 %. Acidogenic concentration initially increased rapidly, plateaued, and declined at higher temperatures due to formaldehyde volatilization and decomposition. At 180 °C, higher acid concentrations enhanced reaction rates, intensifying surface etching on limestone and dolomite. Reaction rates decreased with rising temperatures, primarily governed by acidogenic concentration. Increased rotational speed transformed the surface from flat to rough, forming central humps and cavities, with etching pits extending from rock edge to center. Linear velocity significantly influenced reaction rates and etching patterns. Larger cores experienced higher linear velocities at the same rotational speed, resulting to increased reaction rates without area-volume ratio corrections. After correction, differences in reaction rates across core sizes were significantly reduced, with etching morphologies at lower speeds resembling those of smaller cores at higher speeds. This work provided theoretical support for the application of in-situ generated acid in acid fracturing of ultra-high temperature carbonate reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and variability in thermal conductivity measurements: A comparison of CIT-TRT and conventional TRT in Japan","authors":"Saeid Mohammadzadeh Bina ,&nbsp;Hikari Fujii ,&nbsp;Eri Ohira ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kosukegawa ,&nbsp;Retsu Harada","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the effectiveness of the inverse heat exchange rate (1/q') method for estimating thermal conductivity of the ground using data from the constant inlet temperature thermal response test (CIT-TRT). In total seven TRTs including constant heat load TRT (conventional) and CIT-TRT were conducted in two different locations in Japan to compare the results of this method with those obtained from the Horner plot method and logarithmic graphical method for the conventional TRTs. The findings indicated that the estimated thermal conductivities using this method deviated by only 3.5% from those determined using the Horner plot method, confirming the applicability of this approach. In addition, the results from the CIT-TRT were compared with those obtained from the conventional TRT, which demonstrated the validity of the 1/q' method. Furthermore, the CIT-TRT was performed using two different inlet temperatures, 25°C and 35°C, to evaluate the effectiveness of this method under conditions with a limited heat load power. The results showed that the lower inlet temperature produced acceptable outcomes, though it was only 5°C above the initial ground temperature in the region. As the main achievement of this research, the 1/q′ method is shown to offer a practical and efficient approach for thermal conductivity estimation in CIT-TRTs, significantly reducing computational time while maintaining accuracy across varying inlet temperatures, GHE configurations (single or double U-tubes), and diverse geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential supercritical geothermal resources characterised by numerical modelling of fluid flow and heat transport in the Yuzawa area, Akita, Japan","authors":"Koichi Yokoi ,&nbsp;Tateyuki Negi ,&nbsp;Shohta Shimizu ,&nbsp;Guanhong Feng ,&nbsp;Tianfu Xu ,&nbsp;Norifumi Todaka","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yuzawa area in Japan hosts an active geothermal field. In this study, we combined magnetotelluric (MT) resistivity measurements, microearthquake surveys, and numerical modelling of fluid flow and heat transport to constrain the potential existence of supercritical resources in the Yuzawa area. The numerical model was calibrated based on geological, geophysical, geochemical, and drilling data, and included an intrusive heat source that was spatially inferred by the MT survey. The quasi-static state model results match the observed temperatures and pressures in exploratory wells, as well as the heat source from surface manifestations. An inferred zone with supercritical temperatures forms beneath a zone of intensive silica precipitation, which coincides with the brittle–ductile transition, as mapped from microearthquake hypocentres. Preliminary production forecasts of the supercritical zone show that the fracture permeability controls the enthalpy and mass flow rate, with increasing permeability leading to a higher mass flow rate but a lower fluid enthalpy. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structure and characteristics of supercritical geothermal resources in the Yuzawa area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-Down Cooling and Its Role in Sustaining the Laugarnes Geothermal Field, Iceland","authors":"Adolph Bravo Jr. ,&nbsp;Samuel Scott ,&nbsp;Halldór Pálsson ,&nbsp;Gunnar Gunnarsson","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Laugarnes geothermal field is a low-temperature system (&lt;150 °C) that supplies an average of 80 MW_th for district heating in Reykjavík. Over nearly a century of operation, the field has maintained stable pressures and discharge temperatures. Despite its longevity, the processes sustaining the reservoir's response to production are still not fully understood. This study analyzes long-term production and field data, revealing a \"top-down\" cooling pattern attributed to the recharge of cooler surface waters into shallow reservoir rocks. This phenomenon is then integrated into a new conceptual model of the field. Energy balance calculations – accounting for basal conductive heat flux, drawdown-induced surface recharge, and the associated cooling of the rock – demonstrate that formation cooling constitutes a significant heat source during production. A 3D numerical model, calibrated against natural-state temperature and pressure history, reproduces the observed temperature changes, further supporting the importance of heat extraction from the rock formation. The findings suggest an alternative paradigm for the understanding heat budget and transport in Laugarnes and highlight the broader relevance of recharge-driven heat extraction in low-temperature systems. Therefore, considering this process is crucial for accurately characterizing low-temperature systems and ensuring their sustainable use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the elastic-plastic failure evolution mechanism of high-temperature hot dry rocks using combined monitoring of acoustic emission and digital image correlation","authors":"Qiuyan Wang ,&nbsp;Daobing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuhua Li ,&nbsp;Yanhong Hou ,&nbsp;Mao Sheng ,&nbsp;Lieqian Long ,&nbsp;Yongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hot dry rock (HDR) is a resource-rich, renewable, and clean energy source characterized by its great depth, high temperature, and high geostress. In underground environments, rocks are prone to significant elastoplastic deformation. However, research on the elastoplastic deformation, failure, and fracture mechanisms of HDR under high-temperature conditions remains limited. This study employs Acoustic Emission (AE) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) as combined monitoring methods to conduct fracture toughness experiments on granite semicircular bend (SCB) specimens under high-temperature conditions. We obtained load-displacement curves, AE parameters, and strain fields near crack tips at various temperatures to reveal the mechanical mechanisms of elastic-plastic failure evolution in HDR. Experimental results indicate that both the peak load and fracture toughness of granite specimens decrease gradually with increasing temperature, with the peak load at 600 °C being 69.1 % lower than at 25 °C. DIC results show that the fracture process zone at the crack tip enlarges with rising temperature, while strain and crack width values decrease. Additionally, the attenuation of AE b-values at peak load relative to the initial loading phase increases, and the proportion of shear failure increases, with a maximum increase of up to 42.3 %. As temperature rises, the failure mechanism of artificial fractures transitions from brittle macroscopic fractures to plastic fine fractures. When the temperature exceeds 400 °C, plastic failure becomes more pronounced, with numerous microcracks forming and further coalescing into complex main cracks. This study provides important theoretical support for the efficient development of deep geothermal resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual numerical modeling of low-temperature nitrogen geothermal systems on the Verkhne-Paratunsky and Paratunsky fields","authors":"A.V. Kiryukhin ,&nbsp;N.B. Zhuravlev ,&nbsp;D.N. Burnaikin ,&nbsp;I.V. Tokarev","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paratunsky and Verkhne-Paratunsky fields (Kamchatka, Russia) are examples of low-temperature nitrogen (LT N₂) geothermal systems that are widespread throughout the world and are believed to have formed as a result of penetration of meteoric water into deep faults and heat mining from host rocks under background heat flow and temperature gradient conditions. However, no one has tested the geologically long-term thermal recharge capability of such systems to be recharged by heat and water under real 3D environmental conditions. A solution to this unsolved problem has been obtained here using specific examples.</div><div>The two closely spaced reservoirs are 15 km apart, composed of volcanogenic rocks of Eocene-Quaternary age and characterized by shallow permeability reservoirs underlain by extinct volcanic conductive roots, where 60–90 °C thermal N₂ SO₄_<img>Na waters circulate. The Paratunsky reservoir has a 60-year history of intensive exploitation (150–250 kg/s), while the Verkhne-Paratunsky reservoir is just being brought into development.</div><div>Application of a simple radial-cylindrical (RZ) model to the Verkhne-Paratunsky geothermal system allowed us to show the principal possibility of formation of a circulating hydrothermal system in a structure with a radius of about 15 km and a circulation depth of -3 km within the first thousand years at a temperature of 60 °C and a flow rate of 60 kg/s.</div><div>Then a three-dimensional numerical (3D) model of the Verkhne- Paratunsky and Paratunsky low-temperature nitrogen geothermal system was constructed, assuming that the upper part of the pre-Cretaceous basement is a permeable conduit surface and the roots of extinct volcanoes provide vertical down-flow recharge and up-flow discharge of this natural heat and mass circulation system. This numerical model covers all significant thermal discharge features, recharge area of the adjacent highlands. Subsequent modeling confirms the possibility of increasing the temperature to 80 °C, diluting the initially brine-saturated NaCl permeable reservoirs and maintaining up-flow rate at observed values for thousands of years from the onset of hydrothermal circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 103341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the interaction of an energy tunnel with the underground thermal conditions in an urban area","authors":"M. Barla,&nbsp;A. Insana,&nbsp;M.R. Alvi","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the very shallow depths of urban areas it is difficult to find natural undisturbed underground thermal conditions because of anthropic interventions. Moreover, these areas are being increasingly used for energy purposes, for example implementing the technology of shallow geothermal systems to provide clean thermal energy and supply the thermal demand of buildings in both winter and summer seasons. The heat exchanged by these types of renewable energy technologies, in particular ground source heat pump systems such as open loop and closed loop ones, in combination with further anthropogenic activities, results in altered thermal regimes in the subsurface. Energy tunnels, which are achieved by thermally activating the tunnel lining, have recently gained attention among closed loop geothermal systems. Therefore, when planning an urban energy tunnel, attention has to be devoted to the initial underground thermal conditions and to the interactions the pre-existing thermal regime will have with the energy tunnel itself. To this aim, the paper outlines a methodological approach which is then applied to a case study in Turin, Italy, where a new metro line is planned. Thermo-hydraulic numerical modelling is adopted to reproduce the thermally disturbed subsurface environment in the study area prior to the energy tunnel’s thermal activation, due to the presence of multiple heat sources (open loop and closed loop systems, underground buildings, car parks and infrastructures), as well as after its commissioning. Results are illustrated in terms of temperature maps and cross sections where the thermally affected zones due to open loop, mainly, and closed loop systems are depicted depending on the operational mode of the shallow geothermal systems. Those results highlight that, when the installation of a new energy tunnel is envisaged, it is necessary to consider the current geothermal exploitation of the area and the operation of neighbouring similar systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 103350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved modeling method using overlapping meshes for geothermal wellbore simulation","authors":"Peng Hong ,&nbsp;Fuyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Haiyan Lei ,&nbsp;Guiling Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanshan Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since temperature and pressure disturbances in geothermal reservoirs are mainly caused by production and injection activities through wellbores, establishing an accurate wellbore model is crucial. However, due to significant size discrepancies between wellbores and reservoirs, accurately resolving the wellbore geometry requires a large number of mesh cells, which seriously reduces computational efficiency. A commonly used method to reduce the mesh cell number is simplifying the wellbore geometry as a point (in 2D) or a line (in 3D). However, existing modeling methods for this simplified wellbore geometry introduce additional errors. To improve calculation accuracy without reducing computational efficiency, we propose an overlapping mesh modeling method, which incorporates one overlapping cell for each wellbore, enabling the wellbore geometry to be considered without impacting the reservoir mesh generation. The wellbore cell can exchange mass and energy with the reservoir cells it covers, ensuring that the temperature and pressure disturbances caused by wells can be simulated accurately. Four benchmark cases were used to verify the present method. The results show that, compared to existing simplified wellbore modeling methods, the present method reduces hydraulic head errors by 1 to 2 m and temperature errors by 1 to 2 ℃ in the vicinity of the wellbore, while the additional computational cost is negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 103345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of mercury in geothermal springs and its correlation with tectonic setting in the Bayan Har block of Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyi He ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Chang Lu ,&nbsp;Zihan Gao ,&nbsp;Zhaofei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2025.103351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg) serves as a pivotal tracer in geothermal systems, elucidating both deep lithospheric processes and surficial environmental dynamics. Constraining the sources and distribution of Hg in hot springs as well as its behavior is essential for unraveling subsurface fluid-rock interactions and assessing potential environmental risks. However, the distribution patterns of Hg in geothermal systems, particularly in tectonically active regions, remain poorly understood. This research investigated the distribution of thermal Hg across the Baryan Har block within the Tibet Plateau, a region featured by intense tectonic activity. Through integrated geochemical analysis of 58 springs, we revealed spatial variations in dissolved Hg concentrations (0.51∼50.66 ng/L, with an exceptionally high value of 1100.5 ng/L), exhibiting relatively higher Hg enrichment in the springs along active fault boundaries (44.35±186.99 ng/L) than that in intra-block region (4.16±4.69 ng/L). Geochemical data suggested that non-geological factors (including atmospheric precipitation and anthropogenic activity) and water-rock interactions involving Hg-bearing minerals were not the primary factors influencing the observed Hg distribution. The positive correlation between Hg and chloride concentrations in springs near block boundary fault indicated that deep fluids might be a significant source of Hg. Additionally, the spatial correlation between Hg concentrations, shear strain rates, and heat flow further confirmed the impacts of tectonic regime on the migration and enrichment of Hg. This research underscores the significance of tectonic activity on governing Hg distribution in geothermal systems, providing a better understanding for the geochemical behaviors of Hg in tectonically active regions and its potential environmental implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55095,"journal":{"name":"Geothermics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 103351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}