Russian Journal of Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Association of the cytokine profile and metabolic syndrome components in young patients","authors":"V. Sumerkina, L. Telesheva, E. Golovneva","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1164-aot","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1164-aot","url":null,"abstract":"The components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are independent factors of cardiometabolic risk and are associated with impaired humoral immunity. However, the literature data on the cytokine profile features in MS are ambiguous. Therefore, associations between cytokine levels and MS components were determined in a group of MS patients of both sexes, as well as indices of visceral adipose tissue function were studied. The work included 149 patients aged 18-45 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 71) included patients without abdominal obesity and MS components (comparison group); group 2 (n = 78), patients with MS. The concentrations of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin were determined. The indexes of insulin resistance HOMA-IR, Tg/HDL and TyG, as well as marker of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction VAI were calculated. ELISA technique was used to determine the concentration of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN, IFN, МСР-1 и TNF. Results: In the patients with MS, we have found increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and decrease of IL-2, IL-4, IFN levels. Correlation analysis established a relationship between glucose levels and MCP-1; glycosylated hemoglobin and IL-6, TNF. Among the indices of lipid metabolism, we have revealed some associations between LDL-C and IFN; HDL-C and IL-2, IL-4, IFN. The levels of triglycerides correlated with MCP-1. A negative relationship between the presence of arterial hypertension and the IL-4 contents was established. A negative correlation of leptin levels with IL-4 and IFN concentrations was also determined. Markers of insulin resistance (Tg/HDL and TyG) were associated with MCP-1 chemokine, thus supporting chronic inflammatory process. The VAI index, which reflects the dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue, showed a correlation with MCP-1. Thus, the results of investigation suggest an involvement of the cytokine system in the disorders of visceral adipose tissue and development of the metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86976123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of cell-free DNA levels in the in vivo LPS-induced inflammation model","authors":"E. N. Demchenko, E. D. Gavrilova, E. Goiman, N. Volskiy, V. Kozlov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1179-doc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1179-doc","url":null,"abstract":"An increased concentration of extracellular cell free DNA (cfDNA) is a distinctive characteristic of pathologies that mainly occur in acute inflammation (myocardial infarction, sepsis, stroke, trauma). The increase of cfDNA in chronic inflammatory processes, oncological, autoimmune diseases is less significant and is mainly due to aberrant cell death processes. One of such diseases is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has recently been shown that, in addition to increased cfDNA concentration, the degree of inflammation can reflect the N/L index (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), being a simple and informative marker of disease activity in patients with SLE. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the level of cfDNA and the N/L index in the model of LPS-induced inflammatory response as observed in intact mice, and their relation to the phenotypic heterogeneity of model SLE. We used female hybrid mice (C57Bl/6xDBA/2) F1 and female DBA/2 mice at the age of 6-8 weeks. LPS of E. coli strain 111: B4 (Sigma) was injected intraperitoneally once at doses of 10 ng, 1 g and 100 g per mouse in PBS. The control group was injected with the appropriate volume of buffer. The TNF-binding domain of the variola virus CRMB protein was used as an inhibitor of TNF, which was administered 30 min before the introduction of LPS. The dynamics of the response to LPS was assessed after 4, 8, 11, 24 hours by the N/L index and the level of cfDNA; at the zero point, the parameters were determined before the introduction of LPS. A day after a single injection of LPS at a dose of 1 g/mouse, a SLE model was induced on the same hybrid mice (double intravenous administration with an interval of 6 days of spleen cells of the DBA/2 line, 60-70 106 cells each). Three months later, with proteinuria of 3 mg/ mL or more, mice were assigned to the SLEnephritis+ group, with a protein of less than 3 mg/mL, to the SLEnephritis- group. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by nonparametric statistics using the MannWhitney test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. It was found that the change in the N/L index, as well as the change in the level of cfDNA, depends on the dose of LPS administered. It was shown that the level of cfDNA reaches its maximum after 8 and 11 hours after the introduction of LPS is reliably reduced when using the inhibitor TNF. A retrospective analysis indicates that there is a definite relationship between the response of intact mice to LPS before induction of cGVHD, and their subsequent division into variants of SLEnephritis + and SLEnephritis - in the course of disease development.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80033909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of innate errors of immunity in the group of children with fatal outcomes during the first year of life","authors":"D. A. Cheremokhin, I. Tuzankina, V. Chereshnev, M. A. Bolkov, Kh. Shinvari","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1185-roi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1185-roi","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world, inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), or primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), are among of the main causes of childhood disability and mortality, determining the demographic state of mankind not only at present, but also in the future. In the Sverdlovsk Region over the past 5 years, there were about 30% of children who died from severe combined primary immunodeficiency. This retrospective study is devoted to the study of the nosological profile of mortality in the children with immune-dependent disorders in the Sverdlovsk Region, as well as to assess information significance of extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules (TREC and KREC) analysis. Some anamnestic data on the course of prenatal period in the current and previous pregnancies were considered the signs of suggested diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies, i.e., threats of pregnancy loss at the early terms, documented cases of early childhood death, persistent viral and bacterial infections in the mother, complicated course of pregnancy in the mother, as well as some clinical manifestations, including fungal-bacterial sepsis, generalized viral infection, repair disorders, reduced physiological tolerance accompanied by autoimmune organ damage and uncontrolled systemic inflammation. The study demonstrated a wide range of nosological entities of innate errors of immunity in the structure of early childhood mortality, including both classical forms of primary immunodeficiencies and the disorders not directly related to innate errors of immunity, but those showing phenotypically pronounced immunodeficiency and their immediate role in statistical deviations. Among the main criteria that may presume possible presence of an immune-dependent pathology in the early neonatal period we considered the molecular markers of naive T and B cells (TREC and KREC, respectively) revealed in 70% of the cases studied, with, at least, one of these indexes found to be reduced. It is important to understand that primary immunodeficiencies are not as rare as previously thought. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out timely and high-quality diagnostics, in order to avoid unavoidable deaths.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79095559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying expression of IL-1β gene under the action of siRNA complexes with anti-influenza effect","authors":"E. Pashkov, A. V. Pak, N. Abramova, I. V. Yakovleva, N. Vartanova, E. Bogdanova, E. P. Pashkov, O. Svitich, V. Zverev","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1202-seo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1202-seo","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza is one of the most urgent global health problems today. The influenza virus has immunosuppressive properties, which can lead to the development of secondary immunodeficiencies, interfering with the functioning of the interferon system activation, thus leading to impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-1 is the most important player in development of antiviral immunity. This cytokine plays an important role in boosting the expression of the MCP-1 and MCP-3 genes and maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Induction of IL-1 production occurs due to interaction of the ligand with Toll-like receptors. Currently, there is a lot of drugs aimed at the prevention and treatment of influenza infection. However, their use in some cases is difficult due to high mutational variability of the influenza virus, thus making it resistant to these drugs. Therefore, the issue of developing and creating effective methods to combat such infections is of particular importance. A promising approach to the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory infections may be connected with RNA interference. This process consists of degradation of foreign mRNA by small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. The aim of the present study was to evaluate expression of the IL-1 gene upon transfection of miRNA complexes directed to the cellular FLT4, Nup98, Nup205 genes. Evaluation of changed viral reproduction was carried out using titration by CPE virus-containing fluid. Expression level of the IL-1 gene was determined by means of real-time RT-PCR. Assessment of the changes in viral reproduction allowed us to reveal that the use of all the miRNA complexes directed to the cellular genes lead to a significant decrease in viral reproduction on the 1st day after infection. Usage of Nup205 + FLT4 and FLT4 + Nup205 + Nup98 complexes proved to cause a decrease in viral reproduction on the second day as well (p 0.05), as compared with nonspecific and viral controls. When analyzing expression profile of the IL-1 gene, an increase in its expression was observed on the 1st day for all miRNA complexes and on the 2nd and 3rd days for the Nup98 + FLT4 and Nup205 + Nup98 complexes. In the course of the study, it was found that suppression of the cellular genes FLT4, Nup98 and Nup205 activities, which are necessary for viral reproduction, led to a significant decrease in viral activity and an increase in IL-1 expression.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate immune response in the patients with heart disease and acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting, depending on the duration of extracorporeal circulation","authors":"O. Fomina, E. Chagina, L. Fedyanina, V. E. Krasnikov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1189-iir","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1189-iir","url":null,"abstract":"Incidence of chronic diseases is increased in the 21st century due to prolonged life expectancy. Cardiovascular disease is the most common disorder worldwide, complicated with high morbidity and mortality. Upon increased prevalence of this disease, cardiac surgery has become an essential strategy for patients that do not respond to medications and other therapeutic procedures. Some potential complications in cardiac surgery affect kidneys, lung, brain over the postoperative period. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered a serious complication of cardiac surgery characterized by rapid loss of kidney function leading to acute increase in the serum creatinine concentration. AKI occurs in up to 30% of patients after cardiac surgery and is observed in 2% of the cases with isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). There are literature data concerning the patients with coronary artery disease after CABG in the presence of evolving atherosclerosis. Development of inflammation and dysadaptation of innate immunity was established in this work. An imbalance in the cytokine system contributes to the progression of endothelial dysfunction and may promote development of renal injury after CABG. Hypercytokinemia in AKI patients suggests involvement of innate immunity factors in the development of acute inflammatory response. The purpose of this article was to assess the innate immune response in the patients subjected to CABG with different duration of extracorporeal circulation. In the present study, 100 patients underwent CABG, all of whom were in the on-pump group. General clinical, functional, biochemical, instrumental, immunological and statistical methods were used in the work. After analyzing the data on the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum of the patients with stage 1 and 2 AKI (KDIGO), depending on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, we found that their dynamics corresponded to the standard pattern of changes after CABG groups and hyperproduction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the groups with higher duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. The pathogenetic role of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators remains unclear. We support the view that the clinical prognosis after cardiopulmonary bypass depends on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73012819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating effects of hexapeptide on the altered phenotype of neutrophil granulocyte CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63- and CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63+ subsets in children with acute osteomyelitis in the in vitro system","authors":"G. Chudilova, Yu. V. Teterin, V. N. Chapurina, E. A. Chicherev, V. Tarakanov, I. Nesterova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1206-meo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1206-meo","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of acute osteomyelitis in children is of special importance among the inflammatory diseases of musculoskeletal system, due to infectious conditions arising in the body and spreading to the bone tissue caused by impaired immune regulation, first of all, concerning neutrophilic granulocytes. Of interest is studying the subsets of neutrophilic granulocytes arising when the cells are involved into the inflammatory process in acute pediatric osteomyelitis, and determining the opportinity to influence the level of receptor expression aiming for correction of their functions. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of hexapeptide arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine on the altered phenotype of neutrophilic granulocytes in children with acute osteomyelitis using an in vitro experimental model. We examined the peripheral blood samples from children with acute hematogenous or post-traumatic osteomyelitis at the age of 10 to 17 years (n = 12) upon their admission to the hospital, and from healthy children (n = 7). Blood samples from children with acute osteomyelitis were incubated with hexapeptide (10-6 g/L) for 60 min, at 37 C. The content of neutrophilic granulocyte subsets (CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63- and CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63+), expression density of appropriate membrane receptors were assessed by flow cytometric technique (FC 500 Beckman Coulter, USA). Phagocytic function was studied by assessing the degree of completed phagocytosis of S. aureus. It was found that, in acute osteomyelitis, a 8.5-fold increased proportion of activated CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63+NG subset with the CD16brightCD62LbrightCD11bbrightCD63dimNG phenotype was revealed, along with a decrease in the CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63-NG subset and changes in the CD16dimCD62LbrightCD11bmidCD63- NG phenotype as compared with reference indexes of healthy children. At the same time, an increased number of actively phagocytic cells was noted, however, with decreased indexes characterizing capture and digestion of the bacterial antigen. In the in vitro experiments, the tested hexapeptide was shown to modulate the phenotypes of both studied subsets (CD16brightCD62LmidCD11bmidCD63- and CD16midCD62LmidCD11bmidCD63dimNG), thus promoting restoration of the receptor expression levels to the reference group values, as well as phagocytic activity, in terms of uptake and digestive capacity of microbial cells. Thus, the dominance of a diagnostically significant activated CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63+ neutrophil subset with the CD16brightCD62LbrightCD11bbrightCD63dimNG phenotype was found in acute osteomyelitis in children. The results of in vitro studies have shown that the hexapeptide caused phenotypic modulation of the CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63- neutrophils, and CD16+CD62L+CD11b+CD63+NG subsets, along with recovery of their phagocytic activity. In the future, our results may provide a basis for the development of new effective therapeutic regimens.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89794909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy in the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection","authors":"A. A. Barilo, S. V. Smirnova, Albina A. Feizer","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1201-gmo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1201-gmo","url":null,"abstract":"Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastrointestinal tract disorders is one of the most common problems in the modern medicine. There are conflicting data in the literature on the role of H. pylori infection in development of allergic diseases and its effect on the course of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions. There is currently no conclusive evidence about the role of H. pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of allergic states. Hence, the studies of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions in the presence of H. pylori infection are of sufficient relevance. Our aim was to study the features of sensitization spectrum and clinical course of gastrointestinal manifestations in allergic disorders in the children infected with H. pylori. \u0000We have carried out a retrospective analysis of medical histories of the children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies (n = 29) aged from 1 to 18 years (middle age, 110.7 years), living in Eastern Siberia. The presence of H. pylori infection was determined with enzyme immunoassay technique, by measuring concentrations of total antibodies to the CagA H. pylori antigen. Depending on the carriage of H. pylori infection, 2 groups were discerned: HP-infected (n = 8), and HP-non-infected patients (n = 21). The spectrum of sensitization was determined by evaluating skin-prick tests for the non-infectious allergens. Gastrointestinal tract evaluation was based on the results of anamnesis, complaints, objective examination and data of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. \u0000It was found that, in most cases, gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy were combined with dermatorespiratory syndrome (41.3% of total group). The incidence of H. pylori infection in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies was 27.5% of the group. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies, inflammatory diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, and duodenitis were most common. In the group of HP-infected children the incompetence of cardia was more often, being statistically significant. In the group of HP-noninfected children, esophagitis, bulbitis, erosive lesions of the stomach and duodenum were more common, however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The spectrum of sensitization in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies showed some features depending on the presence of HP infection. E.g., sensitization to birch and meadow grass mixture was found to be significantly more often in the group of HP-infected children, Among the HP-noninfected children, sensitization to house dust mite, cat wool, and dog wool was more often detected. Hence, when examining children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies it is necessary to exclude the presence of H. pylori infection, which can modify the course of a genuine allergic pathology.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76960532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of blood serum cytokine profile in the patients with papillomavirus infection before and after therapeutic pregravid preparation","authors":"M. Chernikova, E. Markelova, T. Nevezhkina, L. S. Matyshkina, M. S. Tulupova, S. Knysh, K. Shevchenko","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1161-cob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1161-cob","url":null,"abstract":"Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. The state of the immune system is fundamental to the outcome of infectious processes of viral and bacterial genesis, thus determining the quality of pre-gravidar preparation. The purpose of present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in papillomavirus infection and to provide immunological assessment of therapeutic efficiency in women. Materials and methods: 137 patients with papillomavirus infection were observed, at the average age of 312.5 years old. The study consisted of 2 stages: stage 1 included analysis of humoral innate immunity in women of the main group, distributed according to etiological factor, i.e., G-I was with papillomavirus infection (PVI); G-II presented with papillomavirus and herpetic infection (PVI + HVI 1/2 type); G-III included the patients with papillomavirus and Chlamydia infection (PVI + Trash.). At Stage 2, we performed immunological analysis of the therapeutic efficiency for PVI: in G-IA group with papillomavirus infection (PVI) we used Inosine pranobex (n = 11); in the IB group, Solanum tuberosum was applied (n = 10); in G-II A group with papillomavirus and herpes infection (PVI+HVI 1/2 type), we used Valacyclovir + Inosine pranobex (n = 24); in G-IIB patients Valacyclovir + Solanum tuberosum were administered (n = 23); for G-IIIA group with papillomavirus and chlamydia infection (PVI + Trash.) Doxycycline + Inosine pranobex were used (n = 20); the patients from IIIB group were treated with Doxycycline + Solanum tuberosum (n = 19). Determination of levels of IL-17A, IL-12 p70, IL-12 p40, IL- 13 in blood serum was carried out using specific reagents from RD Diagnostics Inc. (USA). Results: Before therapy, an increase in IL-17 and IL-13 (p 0.05), and a pronounced deficiency of IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p70 (p 0.001) were observed in blood serum of the patients. After the course of therapy, a decrease in IL-13 and an increase in IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p 70 were found. The IL-17 level remained without dynamic changes. The applied therapeutic approaches had a positive effect in all studied groups of patients, regardless of the drug administered.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77417163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of blood neuregulin 4 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in obese patients","authors":"M. Vulf, L. A. Safiullina, N. Gazatova, G. L. Kuznetsov, A. Komar, E. Kirienkova, L. Litvinova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1207-iob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1207-iob","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are global epidemics at the present time, being a serious public health issue. An increased prevalence in the number of obese people promotes a risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and some types of cancer. The ErbB signaling pathway plays a significant role in development of the disorders associated with metabolic dysfunction (e.g., T2DM, obesity, arterial hypertension). Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) is a new adipokine with similar effects to adiponectin. Interaction between the ErbB3, ErbB4 receptors and their ligand, NRG4, launches the processes required to maintain the energy balance in the cells. There are controversial literature data on NRG4 levels in blood circulation. In particular, the existing data concerning functions / mechanism of NRG4 action has been obtained in experimental animals and cell lines, which is not always reproducible in humans. According to some works, liver may be the key target organ for NRG4. The present article is devoted to assessment of relationships between the NRG4 level in blood, and the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as presence of diseases associated with obesity. The study included obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. The content of NRG4, indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the blood was assessed by means of enzyme immunoassay and biochemical techniques, respectively. It was found that the level of NRG4 was increased in obese patients with T2DM compared with healthy donors, and obese patients without T2DM. Statistical evaluation by correlation and regression analysis revealed numerous relationships between NRG4 and the parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as some correlations between the NRG4 levels and clinical disorders associated with obesity (type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension). Thus, NRG4 may be involved into the development of dyslipidemia in obese patients. We consider an increase of blood NRG4 levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes as a compensatory response to the increased insulin-mediated lipogenesis. The data obtained are important in search for new points of influence upon pathogenesis of diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Neuroregulin 4 and its receptors may be promising targets for the treatment of socially significant clinical disorders.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78192632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of humoral immunity in patients with mild traumatic brain injury","authors":"A. O. Norka, S. Vorobyev, R. Kuznetsova, M. Serebriakova, I. Kudryavtsev, S. N. Kovalenko, D. N. Monashenko, Z. Korobova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-1182-foh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-1182-foh","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important problem of the healthcare system. A lPeading role in pathogenesis belongs to the action of shock wave upon skull and brain integuments, extending from the impacted site, as well as displacement and rotation of the cerebral hemispheres relative to the fixed brain stem. As a result, a cascade of metabolic, biochemical and inflammatory changes is initiated, leading to secondary damage. TBI, depending on its mechanism, severity and type, causes various primary structural and functional brain lesions at molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels with dysregulation of all systems in the body, dependent on its degree and extent. In most cases, the brain injury increases the risk of developing epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease, arkinsons disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with mental health disorders. TBI is a long-term symptomatic process in patients with functional and structural damage. In response to a traumatic event, the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) encountered upon tissue damage are expressed, which cause activation of the resident brain tissue cells, and secretion of multiple chemokine and cytokine by distinct cell populations. Neutrophils migrate to focal lesions, which remove damaged cells and debris. Migration of T and B cells is observed 3-7 days after the trauma. Hence, following primary injury, due to a cascade of immune reactions, a more extensive lesion, the so-called secondary trauma, is developed. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of immune response in pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury. \u0000An increased number of Bm2 cells, IgDdimCD27low naive B cells and B cells with the IgDlowCD27hi (plasmablasts) phenotype was found in patients with mild brain contusion, compared to comparison group. Moreover, the number of naive mature B cells with the CD27lowCD38dim phenotype was significantly decreased compared with the controls.","PeriodicalId":21524,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Immunology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83923971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}