Association of the cytokine profile and metabolic syndrome components in young patients

The components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are independent factors of cardiometabolic risk and are associated with impaired humoral immunity. However, the literature data on the cytokine profile features in MS are ambiguous. Therefore, associations between cytokine levels and MS components were determined in a group of MS patients of both sexes, as well as indices of visceral adipose tissue function were studied. The work included 149 patients aged 18-45 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 71) included patients without abdominal obesity and MS components (comparison group); group 2 (n = 78), patients with MS. The concentrations of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin were determined. The indexes of insulin resistance HOMA-IR, Tg/HDL and TyG, as well as marker of visceral adipose tissue dysfunction VAI were calculated. ELISA technique was used to determine the concentration of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN, IFN, МСР-1 и TNF. Results: In the patients with MS, we have found increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and decrease of IL-2, IL-4, IFN levels. Correlation analysis established a relationship between glucose levels and MCP-1; glycosylated hemoglobin and IL-6, TNF. Among the indices of lipid metabolism, we have revealed some associations between LDL-C and IFN; HDL-C and IL-2, IL-4, IFN. The levels of triglycerides correlated with MCP-1. A negative relationship between the presence of arterial hypertension and the IL-4 contents was established. A negative correlation of leptin levels with IL-4 and IFN concentrations was also determined. Markers of insulin resistance (Tg/HDL and TyG) were associated with MCP-1 chemokine, thus supporting chronic inflammatory process. The VAI index, which reflects the dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue, showed a correlation with MCP-1. Thus, the results of investigation suggest an involvement of the cytokine system in the disorders of visceral adipose tissue and development of the metabolic syndrome.