Cells最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of L-Type Calcium Currents by Resveratrol-Induced Myogenesis in C2C12 Cells.","authors":"Andrea Biagini, Luana Sallicandro, Jasmine Covarelli, Rosaria Gentile, Alessandra Mirarchi, Alessio Farinelli, Gianmarco Reali, Diletta Del Bianco, Paola Tiziana Quellari, Elko Gliozheni, Antonio Malvasi, Giorgio Maria Baldini, Giuseppe Trojano, Claudia Tubaro, Claudia Bearzi, Roberto Rizzi, Cataldo Arcuri, Paolo Prontera, Andrea Tinelli, Bernard Fioretti","doi":"10.3390/cells15070650","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle differentiation is tightly regulated by membrane potential dynamics and voltage-dependent ion channel activity. Potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) currents cooperate to orchestrate the transition of myoblasts into fusion-competent myotubes, and alterations in this process are associated with dystrophic phenotypes. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological remodeling accompanying C2C12 myogenesis and the modulatory effects of the polyphenol resveratrol (RES) on calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 S (CACNA1S, Cav1.1, L-type) currents. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 cells to characterize the temporal expression of K⁺ currents and voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels (VDCCs). During differentiation, three electrophysiological subpopulations were identified according to K⁺ current profiles: SK4+/EAG-/Kir-, SK4-/EAG+/Kir-, and SK4-/EAG+/Kir+. This sequence paralleled a progressive membrane hyperpolarization from -20 mV to -70 mV, consistent with the physiological maturation of myogenic cells. In C2C12 myocytes, nimodipine-sensitive L-type currents were the only Ca²⁺ conductance observed. Their activation threshold (~-30 mV) and half-activation voltage (V/2 ≈ -12 mV) indicated the co-expression of embryonic and adult Cav1.1 isoforms. Exposure to RES (30 µM, 48 h) produced a depolarizing shift in activation (ΔV/2 ≈ +9 mV) and a reduction in current amplitude across all voltages, consistent with a transition toward the adult splice variant of Cav1.1. These findings suggest that RES promotes electrophysiological maturation of skeletal muscle cells by modulating calcium channel expression and gating behavior. Given its known ability to correct splicing abnormalities in <i>CACNA1S</i> and related genes, resveratrol emerges as a promising pharmacological agent for restoring calcium homeostasis in neuromuscular disorders such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomic and Metabolomic Profiling on Low-Count Human Spermatozoa: A Robust and Reproducible Method for Untargeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS-Based Approach.","authors":"Irune Calzado, Manu Araolaza, Mikel Albizuri, Ainize Odriozola, Iraia Muñoa-Hoyos, Iratxe Ajuria-Morentin, Nerea Subirán","doi":"10.3390/cells15070649","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human infertility affects approximately 17.5% of the global population, with male factors accounting for nearly half of all cases. Identifying reliable molecular biomarkers is crucial for improving the diagnosis and assessment of male fertility. This study established and refined an untargeted high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) protocol for a comprehensive lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of human spermatozoa, using only 1.25 million cells per sample. Compared with previous reports, our optimized method achieved an unparalleled level of analytical depth, identifying 473 lipid species and 955 structurally annotated metabolites. This corresponds to nearly a 7600-fold improvement in detection efficiency per cell compared with previously published approaches. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the most abundant lipid classes were glycerophospholipids (39%), cholesterol (20%) and fatty acids (19%), with cholesterol representing the single most abundant compound. This observation is consistent with the structural complexity of the sperm plasma membrane. Metabolomic profiling similarly identified glycerophospholipids (44%), eicosanoids (14%) and N-acyl amino acids (12%) as the major metabolite classes. The integration of lipidomic and metabolomic data highlighted functionally interconnected pathways related to membrane dynamics, energy metabolism, and hormone biosynthesis. Overall, this work establishes a robust, sensitive, and scalable analytical framework that enables the high-coverage molecular characterization of spermatozoa from limited sample material, laying the groundwork for future biomarker discovery and clinical applications in male infertility research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Double-Serine Phosphorylation's Effects on the Intrinsically Disordered Region Structure in Y14 (RBM8A) Protein via Molecular Dynamics Simulation.","authors":"Yuka Nakamura, Tetsuhiro Horie, Takuya Sakamoto, Hisayoshi Yoshizaki, Hideaki Okajima, Yasuhito Ishigaki","doi":"10.3390/cells15070648","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The C-terminus of the Y14 protein, which is also known as RBM8A and is encoded by the gene responsible for human thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome, contains two serines that undergo phosphorylation inside an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Although both serines are frequently phosphorylated in cells, their biological role remains unclear; therefore, we estimated the peptide structure using PEPstrMOD, which predicts peptide conformations through molecular dynamics. For this analysis, amino acid residues 151-174 of Y14, identified as an IDR in UniProt, were targeted. Structural prediction via PEPstrMOD revealed that the target peptide adopts an elongated structure in its unphosphorylated state, while simulating its phosphorylated state revealed an increase in hydrogen bonds and a more compact conformation. The compact structure of Y14 induced by phosphorylation may aid in the formation of the exon-exon junction complex at the exon-exon junction, which facilitates mRNA transport and translation. The prevalence of phosphorylated Y14 in cells may indicate that this higher-order structure is also essential for mRNA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13073542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Processes and Forces Shaping the Embryo: Lessons from <i>C. elegans</i>.","authors":"Michel Labouesse, Teresa Ferraro, Flora Llense, Jonathon Heier, Zoe Tesone, Jeff Hardin","doi":"10.3390/cells15070645","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embryo and organ shapes emerge from the interplay between genetic programs and physical forces. In recent years, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of mechanical forces in morphogenesis. Here, we review how the integration of advanced genetic approaches with high-resolution imaging, biophysics, and modeling has begun to yield new insights into <i>C. elegans</i> embryonic morphogenesis. Building on past reviews in the field, we analyze dorsal intercalation, ventral enclosure, and axis extension, with a focus on how forces impinge on cellular processes and serve to coordinate morphogenesis across adjacent tissues through mechanotransduction. We also discuss how different forms of cellular rosettes contribute to ventral patterning and head morphogenesis, which had not been discussed in previous reviews. Throughout, we highlight how the reciprocal feedback mechanisms between molecular processes and mechanical forces, as well as cell material properties, shape the embryo.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF2 Deficiency Modulates Early Microglial Responses Without Affecting Photoreceptor Survival in a Retinitis Pigmentosa Mouse Model.","authors":"Felia C Haffelder, Nundehui Díaz-Lezama, Zeynep Okutan, Claudia Grothe, Susanne F Koch","doi":"10.3390/cells15070643","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is expressed in retinal Müller glia cells, and its expression increases in response to photoreceptor degeneration. To investigate the physiological relevance of FGF2, we analyzed retinal morphology and cellular responses in <i>Fgf2</i>-deficient (<i>Fgf2</i>^-/-) mice. Loss of FGF2 did not affect photoreceptor survival, retinal vasculature, or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) integrity. To further understand its role in retinal degeneration, <i>Fgf2</i>^-/- mice were crossed with <i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We then analyzed outer nuclear layer thickness, cone number, rod outer segments length, RPE morphology, and microglia number in <i>Fgf2</i>^-/-<i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> and <i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> mice. Although FGF2 was upregulated in degenerating photoreceptor cells in the <i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> retina, its absence did not accelerate photoreceptor loss in <i>Fgf2</i>^-/-<i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> mice. Interestingly, microglia numbers were significantly changed at early disease stages in <i>Fgf2</i>^-/-<i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> retinas compared with <i>Pde6b^STOP/STOP</i> controls, suggesting that FGF2 modulates inflammatory signaling. Together, these results show that loss of FGF2 does not alter photoreceptor degeneration kinetics or retinal morphology, but may contribute to the regulation of early microglial accumulation during degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13073567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9 Therapeutics in Early Clinical Development: Delivery and Molecular Diagnostics.","authors":"Adrianna Rutkowska, Tadeusz Strózik, Tomasz Wasiak, Damian Ciunowicz, Natalia Kapelan, Natalia Szczepaniak, Juliusz Sosnowski, Weronika Goślińska, Jakub Bartkowiak, Agata Budny-Lewandowska, Patrycja Antończyk, Maria Markiewicz, Piotr Gustaw, Kamil Filiks, Maria Jaskólska, Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus","doi":"10.3390/cells15070644","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR-Cas9 has progressed from an experimental tool to a therapeutic modality, marked by the first regulatory approvals of an ex vivo-edited autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell product that induces fetal hemoglobin (CASGEVY/exa-cel). In this narrative review, we synthesize modality-specific molecular diagnostic strategies used across early CRISPR clinical translation. In parallel, early clinical experience has begun to demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo editing, including subretinal delivery for <i>CEP290</i>-associated inherited retinal degeneration (EDIT-101 programme) and hepatocyte-targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for liver-derived targets such as transthyretin and plasma prekallikrein (KLKB1). As translation expands across hematologic, metabolic, ocular and oncology indications, development is increasingly constrained by the predictability and safety of editing outcomes, delivery-determined biodistribution and exposure time, and immune recognition of bacterial Cas9 orthologs and delivery components. We summarize diagnostic readouts for confirming patient genotype, quantifying on-target editing and expression changes, assessing off-target and structural outcomes using orthogonal assays, and monitoring clonal dynamics and immune responses during long-term follow-up. We also discuss how these readouts interface with CMC controls and regulatory expectations for advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), highlighting the need for fit-for-purpose, standardized testing frameworks in early trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Nasal Cells in Nanofibrillar Cellulose Hydrogel: Viability, Function, and Implications for Bone Tissue Regeneration.","authors":"Marijana Sekulic, Alina Korah, Simona Negoias, Daniel Bodmer, Vesna Petkovic","doi":"10.3390/cells15070641","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is commonly performed to treat chronic rhinosinusitis and selected sinonasal tumors, yet postoperative complications such as neo-osteogenesis and restenosis remain frequent, largely due to impaired mucosal regeneration after extensive epithelial and bony tissue loss. Successful nasal epithelial repair requires a microenvironment that preserves cell viability, phenotype, and barrier integrity. Conventional culture substrates often lack physiological relevance or rely on animal-derived components, limiting translational applicability. In this study, we evaluated nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) hydrogel (GrowDex^®) as a xeno-free scaffold for primary human nasal epithelial cells (NECs). NECs isolated from healthy donor tissue were characterized by immunofluorescence and qPCR for basal, goblet, and ciliated cell markers. Cells embedded in NFC were assessed for viability, cytotoxicity, epithelial morphology, and barrier function. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran permeability assays were used to quantify barrier integrity and compared with collagen- and polylysine-based controls. NECs cultured in NFC maintained high viability, stable epithelial morphology, and preserved subtype-specific marker expression without detectable cytotoxicity. NFC-supported cultures demonstrated enhanced barrier formation, indicated by higher TEER values and reduced paracellular permeability relative to controls, and sustained structural integrity during extended culture. These findings identify NFC hydrogel as a biocompatible, non-animal scaffold that supports functional human nasal epithelium regeneration and may contribute to advanced tissue engineering strategies for craniofacial bone repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13073541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal That <i>TXNIP</i> and <i>BIRC3</i> Contribute to Human Prostate Tumor Progression.","authors":"Seyed Taleb Hosseini, Hossein Azizi, Thomas Skutella","doi":"10.3390/cells15070647","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men and remains a major clinical challenge due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Understanding gene expression dynamics at both cellular and spatial levels is essential for improving therapeutic strategies. In this study, we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. scRNA-seq data from 15 prostate samples, including 8 normal and 7 tumor tissues, were analyzed to characterize distinct cellular populations. Spatial transcriptomic profiling was conducted on three FFPE prostate tissue sections, including adjacent normal tissue, acinar cell carcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma, using the standard 10x Genomics Visium FFPE platform (55 µm capture spots). Single-cell analysis revealed heterogeneity among epithelial, stromal, and immune cell populations, highlighting complex signaling networks in which myeloid cells may contribute to tumor progression through immune suppression and epithelial adaptability. Spatial transcriptomic analysis further identified region-specific expression patterns and spatially restricted tumor niches, including the regional establishment of <i>TXNIP</i> and <i>BIRC3</i> as genes associated with metabolic stress and inflammatory survival pathways. The spatial colocalization of <i>BIRC3</i> with tumor vasculature in invasive carcinoma tissue suggests a novel interaction. Our discoveries using an integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approach reveal a high-resolution molecular map of prostate cancer with spatial features that may provide further therapeutic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenine Nucleotide Translocase: From Nucleotide Carrier to a Modulator of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Quality Control, and Cellular Communication.","authors":"Ursula Rauch-Kroehnert, Jacqueline Heger, Ulf Landmesser, Andrea Dörner","doi":"10.3390/cells15070646","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) has traditionally been defined as the ADP/ATP exchanger of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence reveals a substantially broader functional spectrum that extends beyond nucleotide transport. In this review, we integrate these advances into a unified conceptual framework that positions ANT isoforms as modulators of mitochondrial bioenergetics, quality control, and cellular communication. Beyond its canonical exchange activity, ANT influences permeability transition thresholds and membrane potential stability, participates in regulated uncoupling and redox control, and contributes to inner membrane organization and cristae integrity. ANT further modulates TIMM23-dependent protein import and PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby shaping mitochondrial quality control decisions. In addition, ANT regulates mitochondrial nucleic acid release and inflammasome activation, linking bioenergetic imbalance to innate immune signaling. Emerging evidence for alternative subcellular localizations suggests that ANT-dependent signaling extends mitochondrial state information to extracellular and intercellular contexts. Collectively, these findings support an expanded view of ANT as a multifunctional modulator linking mitochondrial energetic state to stress adaptation, inflammatory signaling, and tissue-level communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Generated from Blood Pump Flow and the Challenges Encountered.","authors":"Kylie M Foster, Ahmed M El Banayosy, Aly El Banayosy, Hendra Setiadi, Vivek K Bajpai, Edgar A O'Rear","doi":"10.3390/cells15070642","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cells15070642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilization of a blood pump to aid in circulating a patient's blood, otherwise known as mechanical circulatory support, is an effective and often life-saving treatment for cardiac/pulmonary failure patients, yet adverse events remain a common complication often attributed to mechanical trauma inflicted on blood components. This work specifically focuses on erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (ErEVs) as a marker of this mechanical trauma as they are elevated in patients with blood pumps and have been tied to adverse events. Despite this, ErEVs are typically neglected during device development which usually includes testing with animal blood, most commonly porcine and bovine. Flow cytometry was employed to monitor ErEVs generated during a 6 h perfusion of porcine or bovine red blood cells (RBCs) in a blood circulatory loop with the CentriMag blood pump. Successful measurement meant overcoming limitations in suitable stains for the RBCs and ErEVs of the two species. Between the two species, 12 different antibodies and dyes were evaluated, including multiple glycophorin A clones, the typical human erythrocyte antigen. Only CD46 and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) were found to successfully and reliably label porcine and bovine RBCs, respectively. With these stains, statistically significant increases for both porcine and bovine ErEVs with perfusion time were observed. Bovine erythrocytes produced significantly more ErEVs than porcine, indicating they are more sensitive to mechanical trauma and could be useful in early-stage device development. The utility of CD46 and CFSE used for porcine and bovine ErEV detection was demonstrated for in vitro pump testing with implications for physiological and pathological research with these animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9743,"journal":{"name":"Cells","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13073643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}