Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- Cross-sectional Study from Central India","authors":"Priyanka p","doi":"10.46889/joar.2024.5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2024.5101","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the awareness of diabetic retinopathy among Type 2 diabetes mellitus from central India. \u0000\u0000Method: A cross-sectional study involving 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted between August 2022 and January 2023. Participants completed a 21-point questionnaire on diabetic retinopathy awareness and knowledge. Results were expressed in frequencies and percentages.\u0000\u0000Results: 54.3% (190 participants) had awareness about diabetic retinopathy. Education significantly influenced awareness, with 72% of educated participants showing higher awareness. 66% of urban residents were more aware than 47.1% of rural residents. No significant gender difference was observed. Younger participants demonstrated better awareness (63.9%) than older individuals (17.3%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: About 54.2% of the participants were aware of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Younger patients, patients from urban areas and the group with a higher level of education were found to be more aware of DR. Effective health education and regular eye screenings are essential to improve awareness about DR, aiding in its prevention and better disease management among individuals with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"47 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular Anatomy and Abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis Type 2","authors":"N. Massamba","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4310","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe macular anatomy and abnormalities on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in a large series of patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). Methods: Retrospective review of all consecutive patients with NF2. Results: A total of 166 eyes in 83 patients with NF2 were identified from February 2014 to May 2015. Macular SD-OCT was available for 124 eyes (75%). Isolated epiretinal membrane (ERM) was diagnosed in 52% of patients (n=43) with bilateral ERM in 15 cases. ERM was commonly fine (64%), non-retractile (90%), extra-foveolar (90%), discontinuous (78%) and without posterior vitreous detachment (93%). Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (CHRRPE) was seen in 12% of patients (n=10); three of which were bilateral. Additional OCT anomalies identified include Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE), internal limiting membrane irregularities, inner retinal tufts, serpentine-like extensions into the vitreoretinal interface, focal alterations of inner retinal lamination and infiltration of the posterior vitreous cortex. All retinal anomalies identified suggest pathological involvement of Müller cells. Conclusion: Our series underscores the utility of macular SD-OCT in patients with NF2. While ERM and vitreoretinal interface abnormalities are the most common macular pathology identified in NF2, all SD-OCT pathology suggests Muller cell involvement.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"111 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualifications for Retinitis Pigmentosa and Leber Congenital Amaurosis Patients for Adeno-Associated Viral Gene-Replacement Therapy Clinical Trials","authors":"S. Montezuma","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4309","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study identifies Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) patients at an Inherited Retinal Disease (IRD) clinic that qualify for ongoing or FDA-approved Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) gene-replacement therapies. The goal is to demonstrate the benefits of genetic testing at the initial evaluation. Method: A database for RP and LCA patients was curated and clinicaltrials.gov was used to search all ongoing or approved gene-replacement therapies between 1 January 2022 – 1 January 2023. Patients were evaluated for qualification based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria set by each trial. Results: 199 RP and 31 LCA patients were included in the study. Our team identified six AAV gene-replacement therapy clinical trials and the FDA-approved Luxturna®. One hundred fifty-five patients underwent genetic testing and 89 patients had a pathogenic variant identified. A total of 15 patients qualified for one of the proposed trials. Three patients had a biallelic RPE65 mutation and two of them qualified for Luxturna®. All 11 patients with an RPGR mutation qualified for one of the three clinical trials that focused on this gene. Three patients had a c.2991+1655A>G mutation in CEP290 and two of them qualified one of two clinical trials for this gene. Conclusion: Overall, ~10% of patients who had genetic testing qualified for one of the reviewed therapies. A total of 15 patients qualified for an AAV gene-replacement therapy. This study highlights the importance of promoting genetic testing for IRD patients, the need for earlier disease evaluation and the value of continual monitoring of disease progression.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Factors of Ocular Trauma in Children and Adolescents Based on 200 Cases at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit of the Bouaké University Hospital","authors":"O. Y","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4308","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eye trauma is serious and very often has a poor prognosis in our environment. The aim of this study was to contribute to improving the prevention of ocular trauma in children and adolescents in central and northern Côte d’Ivoire.\u0000\u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim on 200 patient files received at the pediatric ophthalmology unit of the ophthalmology department of the Bouaké University Hospital from January 6, 2021, to July 7, 2023. In these patients, the questioning and clinical examination revealed ocular lesions linked to trauma. The parameters studied were socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, origin, educational status), reason for consultation, ophthalmological history and etiological factors (circumstances of occurrence, vulnerating agent and mechanism of occurrence). Data analysis was carried out using epi-info 7.0 software.\u0000\u0000Findings: The average age of the patients was 8.45 ± 4.62 years with a range of 1 to 19 years. Boys were the most affected (71%) and this male predominance was found in all age groups. The 5-9-year-old age group was the most represented (31%). Children in primary school were the most numerous (40%), followed by those in secondary school (26%) and those not in school (25%). Almost all the children came from urban areas (75%). Ocular trauma was the main reason for consultation (75%) and the most common ophthalmological history (80%). The circumstances of occurrence were dominated by gaming accidents (48.50%), domestic accidents (19.50%) and brawls (15.50%). The most common damaging agent found was metallic (25%) followed by the stone used as a projectile (18.50%) and the punch (17%). The mechanism of trauma was dominated by the reception of a moving object or liquid on the eye (96%).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Given the high proportion of school boys who are victims of eye trauma, school programs should include raising awareness among children at school about the risks of accidents and in particular eye trauma and the means of preventing them. Action should also be taken in rural areas and through the Chamber of Trades of Côte d’Ivoire with a view to preventing eye trauma in children and adolescents in farming activities and in craft workshops where those are often in apprenticeship.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"123 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Wavefront-Optimized Myopic LASIK: Comparison of Preoperative to Postoperative Astigmatism and High Order Aberrations: Trefoil and Coma Specifically: Could Topography-Guided Original Customization Had Addressed the Above?","authors":"A. Kanellopoulos","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4307","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and analyze visual outcomes by recording pre and postoperative trefoil, coma and refractive astigmatism in wavefront optimized myopic LASIK. Methods: In this retrospective case review 200 eyes (one hundred patients) that had undergone myopic (with corresponding astigmatism) wavefront-optimized LASIK using the FS200 femtosecond and EX500 excimer lasers (Alcon/Wavelight, Erlagen, Germany) were evaluated. The 12 months post-operative UDVA and CDVA, low (myopia and/or astigmatism) along with high order aberration C6 to C9 changes were compared to the pre-operative values. Pre-operative topography data were available and used to generate for this study hypothetical treatment data (low and high order aberrations) if Topography-Guided (TG) with TMR cylinder amount and axis adjustment was used instead of the actual WFO. Results: Mean values at 12 months: UDVA of 20/22 and CDVA of 20/20. The postoperative refractive error in Diopters was -0.20±0.46 sphere and – 0.45±0.27 cylinder. The average absolute value for the high order aberrations studied were pre-op: C6: 0.10±0.12, C7: 0.19±0.16, C8: 0.15±0.12, C9: 0.09±0.09 μm and respectively post-op, C6: 0.11±0.10, C7: 0.46±0.38, C8: 0.34±0.30, C9: 0.11±0.13 μm. If topography-guided customization with TMR was originally employed an addition mean -0.36D of astigmatism would have been attempted. Conclusion: Wavefront optimized ablations do not address HOA, pre-existing trefoil (C6, C9) in this group essentially did not change while coma (C7 and C8) increased despite the essential achievement of emmetropia. In theory topography-guided customization with TMR may had offered improved C7 and -C8 outcomes, along with superior cylindrical correction.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Relation to Vision, Contrast Sensitivity and Ocular Aberrations After Lasik","authors":"Themistoklis K Gialelis","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4204","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The assessment of changes in corneal epithelial thickness at the center of the cornea (ET center) and at the apex of the cornea (ET peak) in relation to vision, corneal aberrations (LOAs and HOAs) and contrast sensitivity (C.S) after LASIK.\u0000\u0000Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (27 eyes) with a mean age of 32 years (range 22-50), 9 males and 18 females were included in the study and underwent LASIK. Mean follow up was 12.18 +/- 1.48 (range from 9 to 18 months).\u0000\u0000Results: A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative and postoperative measurements of ET center and ET peak as well as Zernike coefficients. No statistically significant difference was found for the variable of CS.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Changes in corneal aberrations after refractive surgery can be attributed to epithelial thickness increase which can be seen in patients that have undergone LASIK.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124095645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Mononeuritis: Isolated Extrinsic Paralysis of the III","authors":"Hassane Amadou Bouba Traore","doi":"10.46889//joar.2023.4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889//joar.2023.4203","url":null,"abstract":"Oculomotor paralysis is a rare complication of diabetes. It is a rare form of diabetic neuropathy, with a prevalence of 1 to 14% in diabetics. This is a 52-year-old patient with no known personal history, who presented himself in ophthalmological consultation for left ocular pain and fall of the upper left eyelid, occurred 6 days ago and rapidly progressive in an atraumatic context. Objective ophthalmological examination a moderate left ptosis, with incomplete ophthalmoplegia sparing abduction and twists, without vicious attitude. Visual acuity at a distance without correction was 6/10 in both eyes, P3. At bio microscopy, RPM kept bilaterally, without surface disturbance with normal anterior and posterior segments. This was an incomplete paralysis of the extrinsic component of the III. Emergency radiological checkup ruled out a central vascular and neurological cause. The etiological biological assessment finds fasting blood glucose high at 1.92 g/l. It is sent to the diabetologist for investigations. The degenerative assessment is normal but with a glycated hemoglobin at 10.5%, testifying to an unknown diabetic. It is retained the diagnosis of a paralysis of III incomplete inaugural type 2 diabetes. The evolution after 2 months was marked by the progressive regression of its paralysis after glycemic balance and correction of risk factors. Oculomotor paralysis is not uncommon during diabetes, it is necessary to think about it during etiological assessment for early and adapted management.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Combined Povidone Iodine 1% and Dexamethasone 0.08% Prepared Eye Drops in Treating Post Viral Corneal Sub Epithelial Infiltrates Compared to Other Modalities of Treatments","authors":"Hassan Ali H","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4203","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To Evaluate the efficacy of combination povidone-iodine 1.0% eye drops and dexamethasone 0.08% eye drops in the treatment of post viral corneal Sub Epithelial Infiltrates (SEIs).\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled, comparative study was conducted at king Hussein medical center between 2020-2021. Patients who attended to the ophthalmology department suffering from SEIs were enrolled in the study; a written Informed consent was obtained from all enrolled patients. Inclusion criteria include; ≥ 18 years of age, SEIs duration more than one month and less than 6 months, one eye per patient were included in the study and naive eye. Exclusion criteria include; a history of thyroid disease, allergy to iodine or study medications, ocular surgery within the past 3 months, corneal dendrites, conjunctival membrane or pseudo membrane, active conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration, corneal abrasion, corneal foreign body, anterior chamber inflammation or pregnancy/lactating mother. Patients were randomly divided into three groups and treated for two weeks. In the first group, patients received combined povidone iodine 1% and dexamethasone 0.08% prepared eye drops with lubricant eye drops, the second group received dexamethasone 0.08% eye drops and lubricants eye drops and the third group received povidone iodine 1% eye drops and lubricant eye drops. The patients were followed up and evaluated at day zero, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months’ post treatment regarding; Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Intraocular Pressure (IOP), symptoms (visual blurring, photophobia, and foreign body sensation) and corneal sub epithelial infiltrates according to our scoring scale.\u0000\u0000Results: After conducting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 eyes were included in the study (15 in each group). Povidone iodine 1% was well tolerated and safe in first and third groups. In first study group, a dramatic improvement in patients’ symptoms and SEIs scoring scale was observed (p < 0.05) in addition to a significant improvement in BCVA after 2 weeks of treatment. On the other side, no significant improvement has been achieved (p > 0.05) regarding BCVA, symptoms or SEIs scoring scale in the second and third groups.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Combined povidone iodine 1% and dexamethasone 0.08% prepared eye drops can improve signs and symptoms of SEIs in addition to a significant improvement in BCVA and speeding up the recovery compared to the other modalities of treatment used in this study.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Systems for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Appraisal on the 3rd US FDA Approved Algorithms- AEYE-DS","authors":"Sunny Chi Lik Au","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4202","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field of healthcare in recent years, and one of its most promising applications is on the interpretation of medical images [1]. In ophthalmology, the first success comes to the screening and diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) [2]. DR is a common complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that affects the eyes, and early detection and treatment is crucial in preventing vision loss, especially over the working populations [3]. The use of AI in DR screening involves analyzing digital fundus images to detect any signs of DR, including microaneurysms, dot and blot haemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, venous beading, intraretinal microvascular anomalies [4]. Currently, there are 3 US FDA approved systems on DR screening, IDx-DR (Digital Diagnostics), EyeArt (Eyenuk, Inc) and AEYE-DS (AEYE Health, Inc) [5-7]. AI has several advantages over traditional screening methods, including usage by non-ophthalmologically trained medical personnel, accessible and stable performance over whatever time and place, increased speed of clinical workflow, these might potentially help to improve outcomes for patients with DM. In the era of rapidly advancing technology, the use of AI in ophthalmology is an exciting development that might transform our future practice [8]. In this appraisal, we focus on the 3rd US FDA approved AI algorithms for DR.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128992278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining Quality and Accuracy in Ophthalmology Academic Research: The Importance of Traditional Peer Review","authors":"Sunny Chi Lik Au","doi":"10.46889/joar.2023.4201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/joar.2023.4201","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few months, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and chatbots have gained significant attention and recognition as technological advancements that could transform various fields, including academic research and ophthalmology practice. The traditional peer review process, which has been a cornerstone of academic research for centuries, is no exception. Human reviewers, who received no monetary honorarium, dedicated their own time and effort in evaluating submitted articles to ensure quality and accuracy. However, the rise of AI and chatbots (e.g. ChatGPT) has sparked discussions about whether peer reviewers could spot the authors on using these tools in their submitted work to ophthalmology journals.","PeriodicalId":348405,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology and Advance Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}