经济学最新文献

{"title":"Towards evidence-based approaches to monitoring and evaluatingage-friendly cities and communities: Reflections from the Western Pacific and Nordic Regions","authors":"Wenqian Xu, Minna Zechner, Thava Viknaraj Sivabalan, Lian Leng Low, Changwoo Shon, Honglin Chen, Arlind Reuter, Diane Turner, Elisa Tiilikainen, Emi Kiyota, Susanne Iwarsson","doi":"10.1177/00420980251375852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980251375852","url":null,"abstract":"Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) is a key global WHO initiative aimed at fostering environments that promote healthy aging for everyone. As AFCC initiatives continue to expand, there is an increasing need to enhance monitoring and evaluation systems to effectively assess their progress and impact. However, significant knowledge gaps persist, particularly in the development of evaluation methods and AFCC indicators. Drawing on discussions and outcomes from an international, interdisciplinary expert meeting on age-friendly environments held in Shanghai in May 2024, this article offers a synthesis of key insights and reflections. We present examples from AFCCs in the Western Pacific and Nordic regions, and recommendations to enhance monitoring and evaluation with a focus on indicators. This includes defining clear objectives, addressing the diverse needs of target groups, tailoring evaluation methods, and assessing both the processes and outcomes of AFCC initiatives. Regarding AFCC indicators, we argue that several areas require further attention, including the need for a robust framework that emphasizes equity and inclusivity and the varied experiences of older adults. For example, this framework should guide the development of indicators that address older adults’ needs during life transitions, reflect societal transitions, and leverage interconnected age-friendly domains to promote health and well-being. We recommend developing AFCC indicators through participatory and developmental processes that encourage stakeholder engagement, particularly involving older adults. Research is needed to develop context-specific indicators and evaluation tools through local and regional studies, validate the indicators across diverse contexts, and incorporate global best practices for using indicators to achieve policy impact.","PeriodicalId":51350,"journal":{"name":"Urban Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Squaring the circle of the circular economy. The need to properly account for scarcity to guide mineral resource management","authors":"Cati Torres, Alicia Valero, Antonio Valero, José Manuel Naredo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108817","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, extractivism and its derived socio-ecological impacts have increased exponentially, suggesting that prices of minerals are poor indicators of their absolute scarcity. Aware that we need to move towards a more circular economy (CE), we propose a methodology which builds on the use of an exergy-based indicator of absolute scarcity to create the much-needed taxonomy of mineral substances to make CE-oriented policies more effective. This indicator will not only allow overcoming the limitations usually attributed to physical indicators as scarcity's proxy measures. Transcending the usual mass-based approach to absolute scarcity, it warns that depletion is more about the loss of mineral quality than quantity, which is fundamental in a physical world governed by the Law of Entropy where ore grades decline over time. Even more, beyond enabling the calibration of economic tools to ensure we move towards circularity, this indicator can also set the basis for designing depletion charges targeted at raising social awareness and putting upward pressure on prices well before reserves are exhausted. Our methodology will also allow providing new insights into mineral price formation. By warning that we must learn from the biosphere, we argue that society can reach sustainability if it increases the use of renewable resources while moving towards that of abundant, recyclable, and physically easy-to-obtain mineral substances. In so doing, not only we show the importance of interdisciplinary work. We also point to the relevance of integrating weak and strong sustainability approaches in economics, thus avoiding the existing divorce between monetary and physical analyses.","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agent-based insight into eco-choices: Simulating the fast fashion shift","authors":"Daria Soboleva, Angel Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108824","url":null,"abstract":"Fashion is a powerful force in the modern world. It is one of the most accessible means of self-expression, thereby playing a significant role in our society. Yet, it is plagued by well-documented issues of waste and human rights abuses. Fast fashion in particular, characterized by its disposable nature, contributes extensively to environmental degradation and CO<mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> emissions, surpassing the combined outputs of France, Germany, and the UK, but its economic contributions have somewhat shielded it from criticism. In this paper, we examine the demand for fast fashion, with a focus on Spain. We explore the individual decision-making process involved in choosing to buy fast fashion and the role of awareness regarding working conditions, environmental consequences, and education on sustainable fashion in influencing consumer behavior. By employing Agent-Based Modeling, we investigate the factors influencing garment consumption patterns and how shifts in public opinion can be achieved through peer pressure, social media influence, and government interventions. Our study revealed that government interventions are pivotal, with the state’s campaigns setting the overall tone for progress, although its success is conditioned by social media and polarization levels of the population. Importantly, the state does not need to adopt an extremely proactive stance or continue the campaigns indefinitely to achieve optimal results, as excessive interventions yield diminishing returns.","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From choice to context: Rethinking food environments, consumer agency and policy action","authors":"Vincenzina Caputo","doi":"10.1093/erae/jbaf041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaf041","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional measures of food environments, such as availability, often center on geographic proximity, but in the digital era, proximity is less of a constraint, as consumers browse thousands of food options online. I extend the concept of availability to include what consumers see when buying food online. Using web-scraped data on food-away-from-home offerings from Uber Eats in Michigan, I map retailer presence, product offerings and prices, linking them to nutritional profiles and carbon emissions. I find that the digital food environment is dominated by nutritionally unbalanced, calory-dense and carbon-intensive options. When choice architecture constrains available options, even individuals with strong health and sustainability preferences are unable to make choices aligned with their dietary goals. As these environments are shaped by supply and demand, dual policy strategies are needed to reform what is offered, promoted and priced.","PeriodicalId":50476,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Agricultural Economics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional lock-ins and realities of firm-level diversification","authors":"Linda Stihl, Josephine V Rekers","doi":"10.1093/cjres/rsaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaf034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides micro-level evidence of how and why functional lock-ins persist, despite clear articulations of cognitive unlocking at firm, cluster and regional levels. We draw on literature on regional clusters and vertical value chains and consider how their dynamics condition incumbent firms’ efforts to diversify. Empirically, we employ an extended case study and trace diversification strategies of 12 incumbent supplier firms in the automotive industry in Olofström (Sweden) from 2000 to 2022, based on annual reports and 25 interviews. Findings show that regional cognitive unlocking during the 2008 crisis was not sufficient to decrease supplier firms’ dependence on the automotive industry, due to the persistence of functional lock-ins and vertical value chain dynamics.","PeriodicalId":47897,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Informality, Housing Insecurity and “Bulldozer Urbanism” in Global South Cities: Evidence From Selected Slum Communities in Accra, Ghana","authors":"Reforce Okwei,&nbsp;Elmond Bandauko,&nbsp;Desmond Adjaison,&nbsp;Lina Adeetuk,&nbsp;Thelma Akyea,&nbsp;Godwin Arku","doi":"10.1111/grow.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Accra, state-led eviction mirrors ongoing processes of socio-spatial inequality and exclusion. While evictions are rooted in neoliberal ideals, the outcomes of such processes have been particularly devastating for residents of slums and informal settlements. This paper uses Cernea's Risk and Reconstruction Model to examine the impacts of bulldozer urbanism on three selected slum communities in Accra. Bulldozer urbanism is rationalized by municipal authorities as an approach to sanitize urban environments by removing what is perceived as filth, dirt, and a looming environmental hazard. While Cernea's model was valuable in uncovering the multiple impacts of evictions on our study communities, the findings reveal outcomes that extend beyond its scope by situating the findings within the broader discussion of state power, neoliberal governance, and urban dispossession. The paper highlights the urgent need for policymakers to embrace and recognize slums and informal communities as integral contributors rather than obstacles to urban development. Based on the findings, the study advocates for a shift from “bulldozing” to upholding the housing rights of slum dwellers as an important step for realizing just, equitable and inclusive cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47545,"journal":{"name":"Growth and Change","volume":"56 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/grow.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More-than-capitalist economies: Insights from community supported agriculture, tiny houses and hitchhiking in Denmark","authors":"Line Kryger Aagaard","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108831","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerating planetary crises call for rapid reductions in carbon emissions, unlikely to be achieved alone through increasing renewable energy and more efficient production. A wide-ranging transformation of affluent lifestyles and current consumption-production relationships is needed as well. This brings existing economic models into question, as profit often stands in the way of necessary reductions. Thus, a growing field of research points to the need of rethinking the economic system, and frameworks of degrowth and sufficiency are receiving more attention.","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy and Team Incentives","authors":"ANDREA M. BUFFA, QING LIU, LUCY WHITE","doi":"10.1111/jofi.13496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.13496","url":null,"abstract":"Real-world contracts are typically private, observed only by their direct signatories, so agents working together are vulnerable to the principal opportunistically reducing other agents' incentives. The principal can mitigate this commitment problem by giving the most skilled agent a budget and delegating authority to write other agents' contracts. This endogenous hierarchy, never optimal with public contracts, raises effort, output, and compensation but allows rent extraction. The principal prefers it when contracts are opaque enough, skill is sufficiently heterogeneous across agents, and joint output is sensitive enough to effort. Our model provides novel predictions for the structure of banking syndicates.","PeriodicalId":15753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Finance","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-neutral food tax reforms for healthier and more sustainable diets","authors":"Jörgen Larsson, Edvin Månsson, Elin Röös, Sarah Säll, Emma Patterson, Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Jonas Nässén, Emma Ejelöv","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108822","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates cost-neutral food tax reforms integrating climate and health objectives, compared with strictly climate- and health-focused reforms. Results indicate that a strict climate-focused reform risks negative health outcomes, while the strict health-focused reform achieves only 40 % of the climate benefit of the integrated reforms and adversely impacts animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publish where you fund! On geospatial transparency of aid","authors":"Zdeněk Opršal","doi":"10.1111/dpr.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Motivation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geospatial aid transparency, entailing the availability and accessibility of data on aid project locations, is a critical yet underexplored dimension of aid effectiveness and accountability. Geospatial aid transparency can improve donor coordination, public oversight, and the targeting of aid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I review how subnational geospatial data are accounted for in existing aid transparency indexes; examine the current state of online interactive mapping platforms providing project-level aid information; and discuss challenges in sharing and visualizing spatial data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platforms providing geospatial information are compared, focusing on experiences from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Malawi, and Moldova.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A diverse range of actors operate geospatial data platforms, including donors, implementing agencies, recipient governments, and independent third parties. Comparative analysis of selected platforms exposes inconsistencies in the number and location of aid activities. While geospatial tools have significant potential, they currently offer only a fragmented and sometimes misleading picture of aid delivery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Policy Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For geospatial transparency to meaningfully enhance aid effectiveness, accurate reporting to robust data standards is necessary. The multi-stakeholder International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) should take the lead in advancing geospatial transparency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51478,"journal":{"name":"Development Policy Review","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145317109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}