经济学最新文献

{"title":"Skill regimes and rural industrial transformation in China: A case study of textile industry in Wujin County from 1949 to 2015","authors":"Shaohua Zhan ,&nbsp;Yihong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the transformation of rural textile production in Jiangsu Province, China, during the socialist period (1949–78), and traces the subsequent development of the region’s rural textile industry. Based on data collected from Wujin County in the province, the paper reveals how socialist China had trained and transformed rural artisans into workers of collective factories. Along this process was the transition between two skill regimes: household and collective skill regimes. The collective skill regime facilitated the adoption of advanced technologies and the acquisition of diverse skills, while also reproducing social inequalities and generating new forms of social differentiation among workers. By examining skill formation and social differentiation of rural artisans and workers in the socialist and reform periods, this paper illuminates how rural China had transformed from a handicraft-based economy into an industrial powerhouse. This holds implications for rural development and nonfarm economic transitions in China and other contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-five-year changes in alcohol environment in US metropolitan areas: Examining patterns by area level sociodemographic characteristics","authors":"Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Mariana Lazo ,&nbsp;Usama Bilal ,&nbsp;Loni P. Tabb ,&nbsp;Jana A. Hirsch ,&nbsp;Gina S. Lovasi ,&nbsp;Steven Melly ,&nbsp;Brisa N. Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limiting the availability of alcohol is one of the most effective approaches for reducing alcohol misuse and its health consequences. However, few studies have examined the changing trajectories of alcohol environment characterized jointly by on- and off-premises outlets and their sociodemographic disparities. We aimed to (1) explore 25-year profiles of changes in the alcohol environment in urban areas in the U.S.; and (2) examine sociodemographic disparities in these changes. We used parallel-process latent class growth analyses to identify profiles of changes in the alcohol environment, based on the availability of both on-premises and off-premises outlets. We employed conditional multinomial models to examine associations between profiles of change in the alcohol environment and sociodemographic characteristics at census tract level. We identified 6 distinct profiles that outlined variations in availability of on- and off-premises alcohol outlets and change trajectories, and found variability in these trajectories across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Tracts with a higher percentage of Blacks and other minoritized populations had higher odds of being in alcohol environment classes featuring high/medium density of alcohol outlets and increasing trends of on-premises outlets. Additionally, tracts with lower income and lower percentage of residents with college degree had higher odds of having medium and high density of alcohol outlets and increasing in on-premises outlets over time. Differences by area level income and education were greater for Blacks and other minority racial/ethnic groups. Since alcohol outlets often require licensing to open, our results suggest that policy-level interventions are needed to reduce racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the individual: global socioeconomic, cultural, and religious contexts of male-perpetrated intimate partner violence","authors":"Wolfgang Messner","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women remains a staggering global public health issue with profound human and economic costs. While individual-level factors have been extensively studied, broader contextual influences are less understood. Using an ecological Bayesian regression model, this study draws on past-year IPV prevalence data from the 2022 WHO report to examine the interplay between IPV and socioeconomic, cultural, and religious factors in 161 countries. The findings reveal that higher levels of gender egalitarianism, power distance, and assertiveness correlate with lower IPV prevalence, while institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, and humane orientation are associated with higher prevalence. Economic development and education emerge as protective factors, whereas higher fertility rates and religiosity exacerbate IPV. There is higher IPV prevalence in countries with larger proportions of Muslim and Hindu populations, and lower prevalence in those with higher proportions of Christian and atheist/non-religious populations. These results provide critical insights into the societal conditions driving IPV across diverse global contexts, highlighting the need for targeted, context-specific prevention strategies that address cultural norms, socioeconomic disparities, and institutional structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fisher–Schultz Lecture: Generic Machine Learning Inference on Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments, With an Application to Immunization in India","authors":"Victor Chernozhukov,&nbsp;Mert Demirer,&nbsp;Esther Duflo,&nbsp;Iván Fernández-Val","doi":"10.3982/ECTA19303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA19303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>We propose strategies to estimate and make inference on key features of heterogeneous effects in randomized experiments. These key features include <i>best linear predictors of the effects</i> using machine learning proxies, <i>average effects sorted by impact groups</i>, and <i>average characteristics of most and least impacted units</i>. The approach is valid in high-dimensional settings, where the effects are proxied (but not necessarily consistently estimated) by predictive and causal machine learning methods. We post-process these proxies into estimates of the key features. Our approach is generic; it can be used in conjunction with penalized methods, neural networks, random forests, boosted trees, and ensemble methods, both predictive and causal. Estimation and inference are based on repeated data splitting to avoid overfitting and achieve validity. We use quantile aggregation of the results across many potential splits, in particular taking medians of <i>p</i>-values and medians and other quantiles of confidence intervals. We show that quantile aggregation lowers estimation risks over a single split procedure, and establish its principal inferential properties. Finally, our analysis reveals ways to build provably better machine learning proxies through causal learning: we can use the objective functions that we develop to construct the best linear predictors of the effects, to obtain better machine learning proxies in the initial step. We illustrate the use of both inferential tools and causal learners with a randomized field experiment that evaluates a combination of nudges to stimulate demand for immunization in India.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50556,"journal":{"name":"Econometrica","volume":"93 4","pages":"1121-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3982/ECTA19303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students go to schools in new districts! public high school relocation as intrapreneurial education provision in China","authors":"Zihang Zhou,&nbsp;Jianfa Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how China's public education system employs entrepreneurial strategies to promote urban development while balancing welfare needs and market pressures. It challenges the conventional appropriation of neoliberal urban entrepreneurialism - characterized by public-private partnerships dominating urban governance - and argues that, in the Chinese context, internal entrepreneurial efforts within the public sector drive local policymaking. This study extends the concept of intrapreneurialism, which emphasizes how public sectors undergo internal advancements, adaptations, and reconfigurations with strategic objectives, as a sub-model of urban entrepreneurialism in Chinese social provision. A conceptual framework is developed to illustrate how Chinese municipalities navigate educational reforms to support new town development and cultivate a business-friendly environment within school catchment zones. This framework identifies education policy intentions and the responses of schools and families as critical indicators of municipal intrapreneurial strategies. Using a case study of secondary education in Xiangyang City, central China, we find that intrapreneurial education provision underscores the continued dominance of public actors - urban governments and public schools - in accommodating market forces and parental aspirations. The strategic relocation of public high schools has intensified competition for scarce public resources and amplified state-society relations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 103533"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive Capture of Public Opinion","authors":"Ricardo Alonso,&nbsp;Gerard Padró i Miquel","doi":"10.3982/ECTA22072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA22072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two opposed interested parties (IPs) compete to influence citizens with heterogeneous priors which receive news items produced by a variety of sources. The IPs fight to capture the coverage conveyed in these items. We characterize the equilibrium level of capture of item as well as the equilibrium level of information transmission. Capture increases the prevalence of the ex ante most informative messages and can explain the empirical distribution of slant at the news-item level. Opposite capturing efforts do not cancel each other and instead undermine social learning as rational citizens discount informative messages. Citizen skepticism makes efforts to capture the news strategic substitutes. Because of strategic substitution, competition for influence is compatible with horizontal differentiation between successful media. In equilibrium, rational citizens choose to consume messages from aligned sources despite knowledge of the bias in a manner consistent with recent empirical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50556,"journal":{"name":"Econometrica","volume":"93 4","pages":"1265-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: Comments on “Fisher–Schultz Lecture: Generic Machine Learning Inference on Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments, With an Application to Immunization in India”","authors":"Victor Chernozhukov,&nbsp;Mert Demirer,&nbsp;Esther Duflo,&nbsp;Iván Fernández-Val","doi":"10.3982/ECTA23706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA23706","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;We warmly thank Kosuke Imai, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Stefan Wager&lt;/span&gt; for their gracious and insightful comments. We are particularly encouraged that both pieces recognize the importance of the research agenda the lecture laid out, which we see as critical for applied researchers. It is also great to see that both underscore the potential of the basic approach we propose—targeting summary features of the CATE after proxy estimation with sample splitting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We are also happy that both papers push us (and the reader) to continue thinking about the inference problem associated with sample splitting. We recognize that our current paper is only scratching the surface of this interesting agenda. Our proposal is certainly not the only option, and it is exciting that both papers provide and assess alternatives. Hopefully, this will generate even more work in this area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One potential concern with our approach is that it is demanding in terms of data, since it relies on repeated splitting of data into two parts: one used for CATE signal extraction and another used for post-processing. To examine potential improvements, Wager's discussion focuses on the special problem of testing the null effect—that is, whether the CATE function is zero. It is a specific setting, as typical machine learning algorithms are in fact able to learn the zero function consistently even in high-dimensional settings.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Nonetheless, the problem of testing the null of a zero-CATE remains very important.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fixing a &lt;i&gt;single&lt;/i&gt; split of data into &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt; folds, &lt;span&gt;Wager&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) investigates relative gains in power generated by the sequential inference approach of &lt;span&gt;Luedtke and Van Der Laan&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). This approach uses progressively more data to estimate the “signal” and then generates a sequence of statistics to test if the “signal” is zero. The statistics can be aggregated to form a “single-split” &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value using the martingale properties of the construction. Wager shows in Monte Carlo experiments (reproduced below) that this improves power over a method of taking the median &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value over &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt; equal-sized folds (which is not the method we propose, but is a sensible benchmark). It also outperforms the “naïve” approach that relies on cross-fitting à la the debiased machine learning (DML) approach, which is asymptotically valid in this special setting but suffers from size distortions.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We believe that Wager's proposal is potentially a fruitful complement to what we propose, since we can use the sequential estimation within our “multiple-split” approach. We now show that this combination generates further size and power improvements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In what follows, we report results from a numerical simulation using the same experiment and implementation details as in &lt;span&gt;Wager&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; As in Wager, we consider the following “single-split” approaches:","PeriodicalId":50556,"journal":{"name":"Econometrica","volume":"93 4","pages":"1177-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3982/ECTA23706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CEOs' financial work experience and corporate supplier stability: Evidence from China","authors":"Yewei Liu,&nbsp;Xianhang Qian,&nbsp;Qian Wu","doi":"10.1111/irfi.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irfi.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of CEOs' financial work experience on corporate supplier stability. We find that a firm's supplier stability decreases when it's CEO has financial work experience. The impact is more pronounced for firms with fewer local procurement and less analyst coverage, and firms with lower industry concentration and limited market power. We also find that the impact of financial work experience is weakened when the financial expert CEO is female or older. The investigation into influencing channels shows that CEOs' financial work experience decreases corporate supplier stability through an increase in corporate financial investments, a decrease in financial slack, and an increase in agency costs. Finally, we find that decreased supplier stability driven by CEOs' financial work experience increases corporate operating risk. Our findings highlight the costs of hiring financial expert CEOs from the perspective of supply chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":46664,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Finance","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comment on: “Fisher–Schultz Lecture: Generic Machine Learning Inference on Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in Randomized Experiments, With an Application to Immunization in India” by Victor Chernozhukov, Mert Demirer, Esther Duflo, and Iván Fernández-Val","authors":"Kosuke Imai,&nbsp;Michael Lingzhi Li","doi":"10.3982/ECTA22261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA22261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the split-sample robust inference (SSRI) methodology introduced by Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo, and Fernandez-Val for quantifying uncertainty in heterogeneous treatment effect estimates produced by machine learning (ML) models. Although SSRI properly accounts for the additional variability due to sample splitting, its computational cost becomes prohibitive with complex ML models. We propose an alternative approach based on randomization inference (RI) that preserves the broad applicability of SSRI while eliminating the need for repeated sample splitting. Leveraging cross-fitting and design-based inference, the RI procedure yields valid confidence intervals with substantially reduced computational burden. Simulation studies demonstrate that the RI method preserves the statistical efficiency of SSRI while scaling to much larger applications and more complex settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50556,"journal":{"name":"Econometrica","volume":"93 4","pages":"1165-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage valorisation of Madrid's bridges and stations. Applications and new dissemination tools","authors":"Patricia Hernández Lamas ,&nbsp;Jorge Bernabéu Larena ,&nbsp;Beatriz Cabau Anchuelo ,&nbsp;José Antonio Martín-Caro Álamo ,&nbsp;Álvaro Gil Plana ,&nbsp;Oscar de Castro Cuartero","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2025.106275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heritage of public works combines technological and social values and is closely linked to the development of cities. Bridges and railway stations are two types of infrastructure of particular importance. On the one hand, they are the most visible elements of urban communication networks demonstrating the technology and the era in which they were built. On the other hand, they are hubs of activity in urban life and have cultural and symbolic significance. This article presents two related research and dissemination projects, analysing the bridges and railway stations of the city of Madrid. The methodology followed in their development is presented: selection, documentation, analysis and evaluation; transferable to other public works and cities. The resulting digital dissemination tools consist of rigorous databases based on interactive cartographies. These tools have more attractive and flexible interfaces than the traditional ones, offering new uses and applications. Geolocation and the diversity of content (text, images, 3D models, videos, etc.) ensure a comprehensive technical and cultural understanding of the heritage, while highlighting its role in shaping the city. The projects serve as a model for heritage enhancement and communication with citizens through digital applications and innovative dissemination tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 106275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}