经济学最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of households' willingness to pay for health insurance in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Guiro Jeudi Topan, Noël Thiombiano, Issa Sarambe","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00576-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00576-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The operationalization of universal health insurance in Burkina Faso represents a significant challenge for health coverage. The willingness of households to pay is a crucial aspect of the process. This highlights the necessity of examining the factors that may explain their willingness to pay. The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of households' willingness to pay for health insurance in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data used in this study were collected between March and September 2017 in the territory of Burkina Faso, covering six administrative regions. A total of 211 households were surveyed, 71 in urban areas and 140 in rural areas. The Tobit model was employed to analyze the determinants of willingness to pay, with the contingent valuation method used to obtain willingness to pay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the descriptive analysis indicate that households are willing to pay approximately 7,600 F CFA on average for health insurance. The estimation results demonstrate that income has a positive effect on households' willingness to pay. Additionally, the occupation of the head of household and the insurance reimbursement rate are identified as determinants of willingness to pay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that income, the rate of repayment and the occupation of the head of household are the primary determinants of willingness to pay. In terms of implications, it is essential to ensure that the rate of protection is high, which could encourage households to pay the premium. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation suggest that interventions to increase household income may be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of mark-up on medicine prices in Zimbabwe: a pilot survey from 92 community pharmacies in the metropolitan area of Harare.","authors":"Hilma N Nakambale, Penelope Tambama, Varsha Bangalee","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00574-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00574-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medicine pricing in the community pharmacy sector in Zimbabwe significantly influences accessibility to health care. In this pilot survey, we investigated how community pharmacies in Zimbabwe apply various mark-up strategies to essential and non-essential medicines, and gathered community pharmacists' perspectives on mark-up regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an adapted methodology endorsed by the World Health Organization and Health Action International for studying medicine prices and availability, we conducted a quantitative cross-sectional pilot survey for 46 medicines (31 essential and 15 non-essential) identified using the Zimbabwe Essential Medicines List and classified according to the Vital, Essential, and Non-essential (VEN) tool. We conducted the pilot survey in 92 community pharmacies in the metropolitan area of Harare, Zimbabwe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We gathered a total of 92 responses from 167 distributed questionnaires. The most prevalent mark-up strategy was the cost-plus fixed percentage.The median mark-up for all medicines in the community pharmacies was 60% (interquartile range 50- 82%). We found a statistically significant difference in the median mark-up by essentiality of medicines (p < 0.001), essential medicines had a median mark-up price of 62% while non-essential medicines had a mark-up of 56%. Antipsychotics had the highest mark-up at 82%, while anti-neoplastic medicine had the lowest at 36%. Overall, 55% of the community pharmacists did not support mark-up regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mark-up strategies varied across community pharmacies in the metropolitan area of Harare. Without mark-up regulation, essential medicines remain significantly expensive in Zimbabwe. We recommend mark-up regulation in Zimbabwe's community pharmacy sector and emphasize the effective use of multiple pricing strategies to reduce medicine prices.       .</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: International Journal of Economic Theory 4/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ijet.12380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44551,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Theory","volume":"20 4","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijet.12380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green infrastructure as a planning tool: A comprehensive systematization of urban redesign strategies to increase vegetation within public places","authors":"Luiza Sobhie Muñoz,&nbsp;Denise Helena Silva Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cities are currently facing climate change. While the greenhouse gases emissions are its main driver on the global scale, on the local one this role is mainly played by the suppression of vegetation to make way to impervious surfaces. Thus, green infrastructure must be part of urban planning policies and processes as a planning tool and a key element to make the increase of the vegetation within the urban fabric viable. However, this task is harder when consolidated areas, where there is a lack of space to add greening, are in focus. Thus, this work aimed to develop a comprehensive review worldwide, including either scientific and grey literature, systematizing urban planning instruments that provide strategies to increase the vegetation in consolidated and public urban spaces. A search carried out in scientific bases and on the cities' official websites resulted in a sample of 126 strategies distributed in 73 documents, 22 countries and 46 cities. These strategies were systematized according to their focus: on street redesign (SR), idle spaces (IS), depaving (DP) and enabling public access in private areas (PP). This systematization brings evidence that the vegetation increase throughout the consolidated urban fabric is a great challenge, but definitely feasible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48405,"journal":{"name":"Cities","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 105551"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESG rating and default risk: Evidence from China","authors":"Huihui Li,&nbsp;Yonghong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this study constructs a bivariate panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to examine the dynamic equilibrium relationship between default risk and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and its individual dimensions. Results indicate that ESG performance and corporate stability exhibit growth inertia and self-reinforcing mechanisms, with overall ESG performance significantly mitigating default risk. Although no bidirectional causality was found between environmental and governance performance and default risk, corporate stability positively impacts both over time. The findings indicate a synergistic relationship between social performance and default risk, in which strong social performance helps mitigate default risk. Financial stability encourages companies to engage in social responsibility initiatives. Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the mitigating effects of ESG performance on default risk are more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Social responsibility and corporate governance are more significant in enhancing financial stability in manufacturing firms. These findings provide valuable insights for investors and policymakers in mitigating default risks while promoting the development of green finance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who are the “vanguard” women? Strategies for identifying women going against economic participation norms across 49 low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Anaise Williams ,&nbsp;Colleen Stuart ,&nbsp;Nancy Perrin ,&nbsp;Lori Heise ,&nbsp;Philip Anglewicz ,&nbsp;Michele R. Decker","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women’s empowerment and poverty alleviation are two key factors for successful and equitable international development. Norms surrounding women’s economic participation and economic agency change over time, with some individuals achieving economic empowerment earlier than others. These “vanguard” women represent the leading edge of change. The objective of this study is to discuss and compare methodological strategies for creating a measure that captures the extent to which a woman’s actions exceed community norms regarding economic participation and agency. We refer to this measure as the “Vanguard Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE) Index.” The Demographic and Health Surveys for 49 countries were used to capture community-level WEE norms using 8 WEE measures. To identify whether a community is non-normative for a WEE item, we explore four strategies, inclusive of two thresholds and two approaches for middle-prevalence communities. Using the community assignment, we construct the individual-level Vanguard WEE Index that captures the number of WEE items a woman has that are non-normative, i.e. vanguard, in her community. We validate this index through associating it with a validated index on women’s financial discrimination. Subsequently, the characteristics of “vanguard” women were assessed through mixed effects modeling. Women who register higher on the Vanguard WEE Index are likely to be older, poorer, and live in rural communities. This study is the first to offer a valid method for measuring the extent that a woman goes against the community norm on economic participation and agency in low- and middle-income settings. The results outline a strategy for contextualizing women’s economic empowerment within that setting’s normative context. Practitioners and policy-makers can use this index when implementing economic empowerment programs to identify those who are pushing the needle in their community, as these women may be critical changemakers for gender equity broadly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family-governed businesses and successful equity crowdfunding: The moderating role of sustainability orientation","authors":"Paolo Capolupo ,&nbsp;Angelo Natalicchio ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ardito ,&nbsp;Antonio Messeni Petruzzelli ,&nbsp;Manuela Cazzorla","doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crowdfunding has arisen as a prominent alternative to more traditional forms of financing, with equity crowdfunding (EC) becoming increasingly significant for its economic relevance and unique dynamics. While previous research has explored various factors contributing to EC campaign success, the role of firm governance, particularly family governance – i.e., the involvement in management and/or ownership of members of the same family - remains underexplored. Therefore, this study tackles this gap by examining the influence of family governance on EC success. Family-governed businesses, known for their long-term orientation and more conservative risk behavior, may inspire greater trust from investors, hence enhancing their campaign success. Additionally, the growing importance of business and campaign sustainability orientation in investors’ decision-making suggests it could further strengthen the positive relationship between family-governed businesses and EC success. Using data collected on 500 EC campaigns from leading Italian platforms, we find support for our hypotheses. This study contributes to the EC literature and family business research and has important implications for family-governed businesses seeking to optimize their EC campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12167,"journal":{"name":"Finance Research Letters","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106470"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiraling up: Sense of place with co-creation experiences insights from Crow Island Beach Park, Sri Lanka","authors":"Lakshika Meetiyagoda ,&nbsp;Susantha Amarawickrama ,&nbsp;P.K.S. Mahanama ,&nbsp;Astrid Ley","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers highlight that one significant intrinsic motivation for taking part in co-creations is a sense of place. Vice versa, some scholars indicate an enhanced sense of place can be achieved through community participatory strategies and place-making. However, there is a noticeable absence of empirical investigations into this seemingly reciprocal relationship. This study uses the Crow Island Beach Park development in Sri Lanka as a case study to explore the relationship between co-creation experience and the sense of place. Following an exploratory research design, data was collected through in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of sixteen members engaged in the beach park development. Subsequently, thematic and inverted pyramid-based co-occurrence analysis was employed within a qualitative research approach. The findings unveil a reciprocal relationship between the sense of place and the co-creation experience, marked by a spiraling-up dynamic. The findings further indicate variations in participants’ sense of place and co-creation experiences, providing valuable insights for planners, environmental managers and policymakers aiming to utilize active community participation for sensible and sustainable place-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political power shifts, varying tax policy, and economic outcomes in a creative region","authors":"Amitrajeet A. Batabyal ,&nbsp;Hamid Beladi","doi":"10.1016/j.pirs.2024.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pirs.2024.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze how a permanent shift in political power in a region that is creative <em>a la</em> Richard Florida affects tax policy and economic outcomes. There are three groups of individuals in our region: laborers or workers, creative class members or entrepreneurs, and the elites. The elites initially hold political power but then they lose it to the creative class. We describe the Markov perfect equilibrium of the political game between the above three groups. Specifically, we first derive the optimal taxes that are levied on the elites and on the creative class, by the creative class. Next, we compute the discounted utility of the elites when the creative class holds political power and compare this to their utility when they are in control of politics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51458,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Regional Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A risk measurement approach from risk-averse stochastic optimization of score functions","authors":"Marcelo Brutti Righi,&nbsp;Fernanda Maria Müller,&nbsp;Marlon Ruoso Moresco","doi":"10.1016/j.insmatheco.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.insmatheco.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a risk measurement approach for a risk-averse stochastic problem. We provide results that guarantee the existence of a solution to our problem. We characterize and explore the properties of the argmin as a risk measure and the minimum as a generalized deviation measure. We provide an example to demonstrate a specific application of our approach. Additionally, we present a numerical example of the problem's solution to illustrate the usefulness of our approach in risk management analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54974,"journal":{"name":"Insurance Mathematics & Economics","volume":"120 ","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}