Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning最新文献

{"title":"Nodes and Streets: Exploring the Pedestrian Mobility Pattern in the Intersection of the Streets in Dhaka City","authors":"Z. Choudhury","doi":"10.54028/nj202120107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120107","url":null,"abstract":"A viable pedestrian movement has always been a challenging for the urban planners and designers. The modern perception is to create a mobility towards pedestrian environment and at the same time limiting the dependency on vehicular movement. Pedestrians plays an important key role on reshaping nodes and the streets. The mental mapping of a pedestrian guides him to mobilize from one point to another and creates a pattern of an individual. When hundreds of points are created by the pedestrians a new order of network has created and different functions are intervened often to support them. These changes are responsible for the urban fabric to create a certain dimension and a vibrant network of movement. \u0000Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is thriving on vehicular dependency movement but majority of the population are still pedestrians and depends only on public transports. Pedestrian population is dramatically increased due to constant migration of labor incentive market, better employment and fast moving lifestyle. But although the pedestrians are responsible for the vibrant environment due to their mobility pattern, a major upheaval also occur for the unplanned and haphazard street functions on nodal points to serve the pedestrians. In this paper, evaluates the causes of pedestrian movement pattern, illustrate the problems and ineffective functions that creates a node. And finally on the basis of analysis, an outcome of urban node principle has been proposed, serving more effective movements and holistic kind of functional urbanism.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does START-UP NY Promote Firm Formation?","authors":"Woosung Kim","doi":"10.54028/nj202120105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120105","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of START-UP NY policy throughout simulations by using the agent-based model. In 2013, Governor Cuomo introduced the policy START-UP NY (New York), designed to create more jobs by helping people start or move their qualified businesses into tax-free zones. Measuring the impact of START-UP NY, however, is difficult because the data are not yet available for causal inference purposes. The agent-based model developed for this paper is designed to simulate the impact of START-UP NY on the local economy of Tompkins County by conducting the Cobb-Douglas function into the model using the data from the IMPLAN model. The simulation results show that ensuring a stable demand for firms’ output is more critical for firms to survive than the kind of tax exemptions offered by START-UP NY. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88685168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited, with Reference to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)","authors":"Patricia Aguado, Jinhwan Oh","doi":"10.54028/nj202120110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120110","url":null,"abstract":"Using an up-to-date panel dataset that covers 88 countries over a 38-year period (1991–2018), this paper revisits the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to measure environmental degradation (CO2, methane, nitrous Oxide, PM 2.5, HFC, PFC and SF6) in relation to GDP per capita. This study confirms the inverted-U relation for CO2 emissions, with the estimated turning point at $13,233, but also identifies a U relation in the case of PM 2.5. Furthermore, in a regional analysis of both CO2 and PM 2.5, with special reference to the MENA region, it finds gaps between actual CO2 emissions and their fitted values. We observe that Libya, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Algeria show average ratios higher than 1, meaning the actual values are higher than the fitted ones and therefore these countries face more serious pollution problems. Based on this finding, we recommend the implementation of policies in this region that aim to reach energy efficiency as well as the development of eco-friendly and sustainable technologies.  ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82133060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structural Analysis of Virtual Social Capital for Urban Resilience in a Metropolitan Area: The case of Tokyo and Bangkok","authors":"Kiyomi Kawamoto, Nij Tontisirin, Eric Y. Yamashita","doi":"10.54028/nj202120101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120101","url":null,"abstract":"This study clarified the structure in which virtual social capital (SC) affects the quality of life (QOL) and promotes urban resilience in a metropolitan area. It has been determined that assistance from neighboring residents and acquaintances is essential for community resilience and is considered one of the critical factors in urban systems' resilience. These social ties among residents are called SC. In today's metropolises, social ties with others are shifting from face-to-face relationships to virtual relationships. In this study, virtual SC is defined as a weak virtual network formed among people through social media, email, telephones, letters, which is less overlapped with networks formed in face-to-face networks. Also, direct communication online positively affects psychological and personal well-being (QOL). \u0000The case study in this paper examines the Tokyo metropolitan region and Bangkok metropolitan region. A web-based survey was administered among those in the younger generation who communicate daily using online tools, and 193 valid responses were collected. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze. This study's hypothesis model is the structure that virtual SC affects urban resilience through the quality of life. The difference in structure was identified as both ordinary time and the period of emergency declaration. \u0000Virtual SC affected urban resilience through QOL during ordinary times. On the other hand, Virtual SC directly worked towards urban resilience during the period of an emergency declaration. Moreover, the use of media with bridging actors forms rich virtual SC and improves urban resilience. Finally, some recommendations of virtual SC use for urban resilience in a metropolitan area were discussed.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77524520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globality in Teaching Art and Architectural History: A Case Study of the Glossary Assignment","authors":"Pat Seeumpornroj","doi":"10.54028/nj202120109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120109","url":null,"abstract":"In consideration of the research problem associated with the need for globality and inclusive vision in art and architecture history pedagogy, this research proposes an alternative research framework that entails the globality and inclusion of non-Western content in studying and teaching art and architecture history, as well as the use of interpretive-historical research methodology in conducting cross-cultural and comparative studies for a glossary assignment. This research provides a glossary assignment in which students conduct cross-cultural and comparative investigations of Western and non-Western art and architecture. The study approaches, tactics, and themes employed by students to do cross-cultural comparisons are systematically examined. Common glossary terms from conventional Western art and architecture history, namely, composite image, ziggurat, contrapposto, and still life, are critically used to demonstrate that they are universal and also existent in Southeast Asian art and architecture. Inductive rather than a priori analytical framework reveals new themes derived from cross-cultural comparisons. By juxtaposing original redrawn images of art and architecture from Western traditions and non-Western contexts, this research creates a significant visual impact on the usage of illustrations as tactics that transcend conventional maps and timelines. Application of the alternative study framework reveals the universality of the human desire to create art and architecture that transcends chronology and cultural boundaries.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86368508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bangkok’s Bumpy Road to Sustainable Urban Mobility: Governance Challenges in the Promotion of Cycle-friendliness","authors":"T. Panthasen, B. Lambregts, Supaporn Kaewko Leopairojana","doi":"10.54028/nj202120106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120106","url":null,"abstract":"Many cities promote cycling as an environmentally friendly and healthier mode of urban transport. The challenge often is bigger than anticipated, as it involves inducing behavioural change among different groups of actors and reaching agreement about the reallocation of scarce resources. Recent experiences in Bangkok are illustrative. Here, multi-year efforts by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) to promote cycling have yielded only partial success. Recreational cycling has increased, but utility cycling much less so. A gap remains between what the BMA delivers in terms of pro-cycling policies and what Bangkokians need in order to become utility cyclists. This paper investigates the characteristics of this gap and the factors that produce it. It finds that safety concerns in particular keep Bangkokians from cycling, and that organizational inefficiencies and failure to commit key actors, a narrow focus on physical output, wavering political leadership, and a failure to benefit from the knowledge available among members of the public, are key factors preventing the BMA from delivering more effective solutions. The paper concludes by deriving key lessons from the Bangkok experience.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73319855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Envelope Designs to Maximize Residential Cooling Energy Savings in Bangkok Neighborhoods","authors":"Natthaumporn Inprom, Daranee Jareemit","doi":"10.54028/nj202120103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120103","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural design can significantly improve home energy-efficiency. New energy-saving techniques are regularly proposed; however, integrating all design parameters into the energy simulation specific knowledge and is time-consuming, making it difficult for non-experts in building energy analysis. This present study investigates the impact of envelope designs on household cooling energy consumption in housing complexes located in Bangkok neighborhood areas. The study selects a representative house and identifies a range of envelope designs, including thermal properties of exterior walls and roof, painted color, length of roof eaves, and window-to-wall ratio (WWR). The Latin hypercube method randomly generates two hundred sets of design scenarios based on those design parameters. The eQuest model is used to perform analysis of household cooling energy consumption for four orientations, and the simulation results are validated. The standardized regression coefficient (SRC) is used to determine a strong correlation between design parameters and cooling energy consumption in detached houses. The results reveal that improving a window’s solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), wall painted color, wall u-value, and length of roof eaves could reduce energy consumption by up to 19.7 percent. The WWR and building orientation were found to have only a small impact on household cooling energy consumption, especially for a square-shaped house. The results provide designers and non-professional a simple design guideline to improve the energy efficiency of their home designs.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85242754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment and Associational Dimensions in the Architecture of Historical Building Conversion in Thailand Between 1997 and 2012","authors":"Peeraya Boonprasong","doi":"10.54028/nj202120102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120102","url":null,"abstract":"The research on The Initial Survey of Evolution of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings in Thailand is aimed at constructing knowledge for the module named Reuse and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings. This module is part of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture, which studies the role of architecture fabricated within historical buildings. In the era between 1997 and 2012 in Thailand, there was a notable transformation from conservation to contemporary conversion. A review of conservation perspectives indicates a combined multi-disciplinary cooperation between architectural design and conservation. To establish issues regarding the knowledge of conversion, a research question is raised: how do architectural elements play its role through changing of use? Aimed at understanding the complexity among conversion ideologies, issues surrounding architectural elements of historical buildings are rationally explored. Based on significant conversion projects from 1996 to 2012, architectural elements were referenced as to how concepts and objectives were associated.  Qualitative research was conducted through a study of primary sources; survey and classification of representative samples, and secondary documents, records and architectural drawings. The controlling significance of the buildings led to a discussion and an analysis of the architectural designs through new additions and amendments made on the historical fabric. Included in this discussion are the principles of conversion as they relate to the architecture of historic buildings and the ideology of the modification. It is found that understanding a change to architectural elements through an ontological perspective, that of attachment and associational approaches, could clearly reveal the construction programme that felicitates the historical building for which conservation or adaptation is determined. A dialogue on relevant contexts surrounding amendments of architectural elements demonstrated that a strong emphasis towards particular objectives of use could coincidentally harm the historical building’s architectural dimension framework. This leads to the notion that architecture for adaptive reuse should include knowledge of the original construction, a balance among conditions of the existing building, its programming and further habitation.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80660149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedonic Pricing to Monetize Ecosystem Services Provided by Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Comparison of Geelong, Australia and Singapore","authors":"K. Irvine, Bing Han Choy, L. Chua, Jarrod Gaut, Huu Loc Ho, Nij Tontisirin","doi":"10.54028/nj2020195978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj2020195978","url":null,"abstract":"Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features increasingly are used for urban water management, green urban design, and improved community liveability, but relatively less data are available on the ecosystem services that WSUD provides. We used hedonic pricing, supported by qualitative surveys, in Geelong, Australia and Singapore, to evaluate benefits related to large WSUD features. For both locations there was a significant (α=0.05) inverse relationship between sale price of a residence and distance to the WSUD features.  Qualitative surveys corroborated the hedonic pricing analysis, as a majority of people appreciated benefits accrued from living near WSUD features.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81700544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Historic Urban Landscape Approach to the Identification of Urban Heritage Attributes of Bangkok Old Town","authors":"Wimonrart Issarathumnoon","doi":"10.54028/nj2020192538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj2020192538","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the study of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach from current international doctrines and analyses along with urban heritage conservation in Bangkok historic area. The results indicate that the HUL approach helps develop conservation in Thailand from conserving tangible elements as separate objects to conserving and managing tangible and intangible attributes of the entire area by considering holistic values. The approach also helps identify the elements that characterize the area, particularly the character-defining elements of traditional communities, and, furthermore, it offers appropriate means for designing new elements in the area and supports collaborative works among various sectors.  ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88777513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}