Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Characterisation of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Domestic Wastes","authors":"Meera Mary Alappat, Remya V.K","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134154","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-surfactants are organic compounds that accumulate at the interface of immiscible fluids, effectively reducing interfacial tension and enhancing solubility. With their eco-friendly nature, characterized by low toxicity and high biodegradability, bio-surfactants have garnered attention across various industries including cosmetics, agriculture, and bioremediation. In this study, bacteria capable of producing bio-surfactants were isolated from domestic wastes. Soil samples from a cloth washing area were cultured in LB medium, and the isolated bacteria were screened and characterized using physical (gram staining) and chemical (catalase and indole tests) methods. The predominant bacterial strains isolated were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with B. subtilis being gram-positive and E. coli gram-negative. The bio-surfactant production capability of the isolated strains was confirmed through oil spreading assays. The findings suggest a potential for utilizing bio-surfactants in bioremediation applications, thereby contributing to environmental pollution control efforts. This study underscores the importance of exploring bio-surfactant-producing bacteria from domestic waste sources for their future applications in sustainable environmental management.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"120 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Geographic Record of Acanthurus xanthopterus and Family Acanthuridae from the Gulf of Kachchh, Northwest Coast of India","authors":"Ritesh V. Borichangar, Jeet N. Parmar, Hitesh K. Kardani","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134153","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on Acanthurus xanthopterus, a reef-associated species also known as Yellowfin surgeonfish from the family Acanthuridae. The objective of this study was to identify and describe A. xanthopterus. A single specimen of 39.6 cm in length and 1263 g. weight was collected from a fisherman involved in traditional Wada fishing in Sikka. Detailed morphological parameters were observed and recorded for taxonomic identification. The results reveal that this species has been observed for the first time on the northwest coast of India, it is also the first recorded mention of the family Acanthuridae from the Gulf of Kachchh northwest coast of India.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Observational Study to Determine the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Dashapushpam, Ten Medicinal Plants","authors":"P.K Praseetha, K. Sreedevy","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134152","url":null,"abstract":"A collection of ten revered herbs known with their traditional and therapeutic significance is known as Dashapushpam in the Kerala state of India, and particularly utilized by Keralites on the onsets of the monsoons. The current research aims to showcase the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of these ten herbs. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis using the agar-gel diffusion method. All extracts exhibited varying degrees of activity against these test organisms, with their effectiveness compared to the standard antibiotic amoxicillin. Additionally, the study evaluated the antioxidant potential of the Dashapushpam herbs through the nitric oxide scavenging assay, revealing different levels of antioxidant activity among the plants. These findings support the potential use of these ten herbs in medicinal applications as anti-infective agents.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Different Water Treatments on the Growth, and Health of Ornamental Fishes Raised under the Water Conditions","authors":"Navaneethan M, Raja S","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134149","url":null,"abstract":"In freshwater fish culture, water quality poses a serious hazard to survival and growth. To understand this high-risk factor associated with the poor water quality in the aquarium system, the hematological, histological, immunological, antioxidant, and growth performance of C. auratus, C. carpio, and P. hypophthalmus in the aquarium with different water treatment efficiencies and one without water filtration were compared. The experiment was conducted for approximately 120 days using water treatments: 1. PF, 2. BF, 3. PBF, 4. PBUVF, 5. WoF. Results showed that Fish health concerning turbidity (98%) was significantly reduced during post-filtration (PF, BF, PBF, and PB-UV-F) (p<0.05). In experimental tanks, water-treated fish showed improved growth and a 90% survival rate (p<0.05). In pot and bamboo filters, the hematological parameters such as RBC (93%, 94%, and 93%), WBC (79%, 18%, and 91%), and MCHC (93%, 45%, and 90%) were in the optimum levels during post filtration experiment. The immune response (IgM, C3, C4, NOS, and LSZ) of enzyme activities in the gut and liver of aquarium fishes and antioxidant parameters in the gut and liver (ABTS, CAT, GR, SOD, and LPO) were also the low-risk level where the water treatments in the aquarium tanks. In conclusion, our findings show that installing filtration systems in freshwater fish culture has helped to successfully regulate the fish health and water quality of aquariums and ensure their proper maintenance.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"131 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutualistic Relationships between Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi Impacts on Ecosystem Functioning: A Review","authors":"Gurrala Sai Vamsi Reddy, Sai Krishna Reddy Bokka, Sushma Raj Chellem, Kavuri Kalpana, Kopparthi Indrani, Tallam Pavani Lakshmi Hima Bindu, Danaboyena Sri Navya","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134151","url":null,"abstract":"Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants, influencing nutrient uptake, soil structure, plant growth, and ecosystem functioning. The diverse types of mycorrhizal associations, including arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), ectomycorrhizae (ECM), ericoid mycorrhizae (ERM), and orchid mycorrhizae (ORM), each contributing uniquely to plant health and soil ecosystems. Mechanisms of interaction, such as fungal colonization, nutrient exchange, signaling pathways, and carbon allocation, underscore the complexity and significance of these symbioses. Mycorrhizal fungi enhance ecosystem functioning by improving nutrient cycling-particularly the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles-stabilizing soils, and increasing plant stress tolerance. Case studies in agricultural systems demonstrate how mycorrhizal inoculation can improve crop yields and soil health, while natural ecosystems illustrate their role in supporting biodiversity and resilience. In restoration ecology, mycorrhizal fungi aid in the recovery of degraded lands, enhancing plant establishment and soil stability. Urban and industrial landscapes also benefit from mycorrhizal associations, which support vegetation in challenging environments. Despite advancements, significant knowledge gaps and technological limitations persist, particularly regarding the ecological specificity of mycorrhizal fungi and their interactions within the soil microbiome. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary approaches and integrating mycorrhizal research into policy and management practices. Such integration can enhance sustainable agricultural practices, promote biodiversity conservation, and mitigate climate change impacts. Future research should focus on advancing molecular techniques, improving in situ study methods, and fostering collaboration across scientific disciplines to fully harness the ecological and agricultural potential of mycorrhizal fungi. This comprehensive understanding of plant-mycorrhizal interactions is crucial for developing strategies to sustain healthy ecosystems and improve agricultural productivity in the face of environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"129 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Pollinators in Enhancing Biodiversity and Pollination Mechanisms: A Review","authors":"Kavuri Kalpana, Gurrala Sai Vamsi Reddy, Sushma Raj Chellem, J.M. Rajalakshmi, Kopparthi Indrani, Purimetla Lavanya, Danaboyena Sri Navya","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134150","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinators play an Important role in enhancing biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem health by facilitating the reproduction of many flowering plants. This review explores the diverse mechanisms of pollination, the contributions of pollinators to plant reproduction and genetic diversity, and the vital ecosystem services they provide. Despite their importance, pollinators face numerous threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation, pesticide exposure, climate change, invasive species, and diseases. These challenges have significant impacts on biodiversity, as the decline in pollinator populations can lead to reduced plant reproduction, genetic bottlenecks, and the collapse of plant-pollinator networks. Conservation strategies are essential to mitigate these threats and support pollinator populations. Key strategies include habitat restoration and protection, sustainable agricultural practices, policy and legislative frameworks, public awareness and education, and robust research and monitoring programs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution imaging, genomic tools, and RFID tracking, are enhancing our understanding of pollinator behavior and ecology. Interdisciplinary approaches that integrate ecological, agricultural, economic, and social perspectives are crucial for developing effective conservation plans. Additionally, the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern scientific methods offers valuable insights and culturally appropriate conservation practices. Global collaboration and data sharing are imperative for addressing the transboundary nature of pollinator threats and facilitating the exchange of knowledge and best practices. By leveraging these innovative approaches and fostering international cooperation, we can develop comprehensive strategies to protect pollinators and the essential services they provide. This holistic approach is critical for sustaining biodiversity, ensuring food security, and maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of ongoing environmental changes. This review highlights the urgent need for coordinated, multi-faceted efforts to conserve pollinators and secure the ecological and economic benefits they offer.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of Female Genitalia of Xylotrechus basifuliginosus Heller, 1926 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Clytini)","authors":"Gaurav Ramola, Arun Pratap Singh","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134148","url":null,"abstract":"Female genitalia have been largely neglected in studies of genital evolution, perhaps due to the long-standing belief that they are relatively invariable and therefore taxonomically and evolutionarily uninformative in comparison with male genitalia. In the present study, the female genital structure of lesser known beetle, Xylotrechus basifuliginosus was examined for the first time for morphological descriptions using advanced microscopy techniques and dissection methods and compared with its female congener, Xylotrechus smei (Castelnau & Gory). In X. basifuliginosus, the tergite and sternite are generally equal in length. Fully extended genitalia is 3.78mm long from the proximal edge of 9th segment and 0.37mm at its widest.8th abdominal segment is 0.65mm long, 0.36 mm wide whereas eighth abdominal segment is 1.2 times longer than wide, apico-lateral margin, covered with intermix of few short and long setae in X. smei. The genital pocket is 1.36 mm long-scissor like, cylindrical in shape, strongly sclerotized. Spermatheca duct is reduced, “J” shaped just like the genera of  Chlorophorus and Plagionotus spp. Spiculum gastrale is 1.34 mm long, thin, slightly thickened at tip and almost three times the length of sternite 8  and ovipositor is 2.19 mm long, 0.85 mm wide, elongated and gradually narrows down to posterior end in X. basifuliginosus whereas in X. smei, spiculum gastrale is 3.43 mm long; ovipositor is with distinct paraproct, gonocoxite and gonostylus and surface of gonostylus is with few setae.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"69 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Biosurfactant Producing Strain from Soil and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Ashitha K. Sanuj, N. Vanitha","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134147","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle synthesis using biosurfactants is currently a popular and environmentally friendly method for improving both particle synthesis and stabilization. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have found extensive applications in the field of biomedicine. The present study focused on isolating microorganisms that produce biosurfactants from soil contaminated with oil. The isolated microorganisms were identified through molecular identification of 16s r-RNA gene sequencing and characterization as Bacillus pseudomycoides. We determined biosurfactant production using various assays such as hemolysis assay, emulsification index, oil spreading tests, and drop-collapsing assays. This investigation confirms that isolated microorganisms possess biosurfactant properties. We utilized a biosurfactant extract from the B. pseudomycoides strain for the synthesis of ZnO NPs. Advanced techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and Edax were employed to ensure accurate characterization. Furthermore, the biosurfactant-mediated ZnO NPs effectively killed a few bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia. They were also effective against fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum. This research highlights the impressive effectiveness of newly synthesized biosurfactant-mediated ZnO against clinical isolates. This research suggests that the biosurfactant extract from B. pseudomycoides could be used to make ZnO nanoparticles that could be useful for treating harmful infections.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic Relationships between Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Leguminous Plants Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives: A Review","authors":"Sushma Raj Chellem, Chiriki Vasantha Lakshmana Kishore, Gurrala Sai Vamsi Reddy, D. V. S. Akshay, Kavuri Kalpana, Purimetla Lavanya, Kavya Harshita Choragudi","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134143","url":null,"abstract":"The symbiotic relationships between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants play a Important role in enhancing soil fertility, boosting crop yields, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms underpinning these interactions, including signal exchange, root nodule formation, and metabolic integration. The co-evolution of legumes and rhizobia, driven by reciprocal selective pressures, has resulted in highly specialized and efficient symbiotic relationships. Genetic adaptations in legumes, such as the evolution of receptor-like kinases and transcription factors, facilitate the establishment and maintenance of these symbioses. The evolutionary divergence among nitrogen-fixing bacteria, influenced by host specificity and environmental factors, has led to a diverse array of rhizobial strains with varying symbiotic capabilities. Horizontal gene transfer has further contributed to the spread of symbiotic traits, enhancing the adaptability and ecological success of rhizobia. In agricultural contexts, the benefits of symbiotic nitrogen fixation are substantial, reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and improving soil health. Sustainable practices such as crop rotation, intercropping, and cover cropping with legumes enhance soil nitrogen levels and overall farm productivity. Advances in genetic engineering and biofertilizer technology offer promising avenues to optimize symbiotic efficiency and extend nitrogen-fixing capabilities to non-leguminous crops. Challenges remain, including the need for effective delivery systems for biofertilizers and the variability of symbiotic performance under different environmental conditions. Future research should focus on understanding soil microbial interactions and developing resilient rhizobial strains. By leveraging these natural processes, we can enhance agricultural sustainability, ensuring food security and environmental health for future generations. This comprehensive review underscores the critical importance of nitrogen-fixing symbioses in agriculture and ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":"106 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Selected Biopesticides with Chlorantraniliprole against Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea","authors":"Shubham Dayma, A. Tayde, Akhilesh Tripathi","doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i134142","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted at the research plot of Department of Entomology at CRF, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the Rabi season of 2023-2024. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) using eight treatments each replicated thrice viz., Neem oil 2 % @20ml/lit, Spinosad 45 % SC @0.3ml/lit, NSKE 5% @5ml/lit., Bacillus thurngiensis @2.5 gm/lit, Beauveria bassiana @2.5gm/lit, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @2ml/lit, Chlorantraniliprole18.5 S @1.5ml/lit and untreated control. Among the biopesticides and insecticides evaluated, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC recorded lowest mean population of pod borer population i.e. (1.79) which was significantly superior over control followed by Spinosad 45 % SC (2.02%), Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (2.23%), Neem oil 2% (2.41%), NSKE 5% SC (2.61%), Bacillus thurngiensis (1.83%) and Beauveria bassiana (2.99%) was least effective among all the treatments. Among the treatment studied the best and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5SC with highest and cost benefit ratio of 28.3 q/h and 1:3.1 followed by Spinosad 45 % SC %SC 26.7 q/h, 1:3.0, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 25.8q/h and 1:2.9, Neem oil 2 % 22.5 q/h, 1:2.4, NSKE 5% 21.2 q/h , 1:2.2, Bacillus thurngiensis 17.0 q/h, and 1:1.9, Beauveria bassiana 11.7 q/h, and1:1.2 as compared to control 9.3 q/h and 1:1.1.","PeriodicalId":498144,"journal":{"name":"Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology","volume":" 572","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}