Isolation and Characterisation of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Domestic Wastes

Meera Mary Alappat, Remya V.K
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Abstract

Bio-surfactants are organic compounds that accumulate at the interface of immiscible fluids, effectively reducing interfacial tension and enhancing solubility. With their eco-friendly nature, characterized by low toxicity and high biodegradability, bio-surfactants have garnered attention across various industries including cosmetics, agriculture, and bioremediation. In this study, bacteria capable of producing bio-surfactants were isolated from domestic wastes. Soil samples from a cloth washing area were cultured in LB medium, and the isolated bacteria were screened and characterized using physical (gram staining) and chemical (catalase and indole tests) methods. The predominant bacterial strains isolated were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with B. subtilis being gram-positive and E. coli gram-negative. The bio-surfactant production capability of the isolated strains was confirmed through oil spreading assays. The findings suggest a potential for utilizing bio-surfactants in bioremediation applications, thereby contributing to environmental pollution control efforts. This study underscores the importance of exploring bio-surfactant-producing bacteria from domestic waste sources for their future applications in sustainable environmental management.
从生活垃圾中分离生物表面活性剂生产细菌并确定其特征
生物表面活性剂是一种有机化合物,可在不相溶流体的界面上积聚,有效降低界面张力并提高溶解度。生物表面活性剂具有低毒性和高生物降解性等环保特性,在化妆品、农业和生物修复等各行各业都受到了关注。本研究从生活垃圾中分离出了能够产生生物表面活性剂的细菌。在 LB 培养基中培养洗布区的土壤样本,并使用物理(革兰氏染色)和化学(过氧化氢酶和吲哚测试)方法对分离出的细菌进行筛选和鉴定。经鉴定,分离出的主要细菌菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌,其中枯草芽孢杆菌为革兰氏阳性菌,大肠杆菌为革兰氏阴性菌。通过铺油试验证实了分离菌株生产生物表面活性剂的能力。研究结果表明,生物表面活性剂在生物修复应用中具有潜力,从而有助于环境污染控制工作。这项研究强调了从生活垃圾中探索生物表面活性剂生产细菌的重要性,以便将来将其应用于可持续环境管理。
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