American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology最新文献

{"title":"Gut-heart-kidney communication in cardiovascular disease: from a single-metabolite hypothesis to a context-dependent metabolite network.","authors":"Lionel Chong, Hema Rampersaud, Anamika Rao, Isha Gujare, Amrita Makhijani, Dokyeong Kim, Elizabeth Levy, Brian Beatty, Satoru Kobayashi","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00584.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpheart.00584.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are increasingly recognized as key mediators of interorgan communication in cardiovascular disease. However, the field has often relied on a single-metabolite hypothesis, particularly centered on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which does not fully capture the complexity of host-microbe-organ interactions. In this review, we argue that cardiovascular risk is better understood as a network of interacting gut-derived molecules, in which TMAO functions as a node within a broader system that includes phenylacetylglutamine, indole-related metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharide. Within this framework, the TMAO two-hit model, in which pre-existing organ vulnerability (first hit) is exacerbated by metabolite elevations (second hit), exemplifies context-dependent pathogenicity, particularly in chronic kidney disease or other pre-existing cardiometabolic vulnerabilities. We further discuss how this network-based view may refine biomarker interpretation, improve patient stratification, and guide the development of biomarker-guided strategies for microbiome-targeted interventions. By reframing gut-derived metabolites as part of an interorgan communication network rather than isolated mediators, this review aims to provide a more integrated translational perspective for cardiovascular pathophysiology and patient stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":"331 5","pages":"H1515-H1529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A century of influenza risk in pregnancy: can vascular protection change the clinical paradigm?","authors":"Stella Liong, Mark A Miles, John J O'Leary, Doug A Brooks, Stavros Selemidis","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.90003.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpheart.90003.2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":"H1478-H1482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SqueakSpeed: an accurate, open-source Raspberry Pi system for real-time circadian analysis of voluntary wheel running.","authors":"Patrick G Sanosa, J P Marrow, Amelia R Malicki, Ngoc K Le, Keith R Brunt, Jeremy A Simpson","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mice, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a stress-free, naturalistic model for studying exercise behavior in rodents, yet commercial cyclometers used to quantify running parameters have not been validated at physiological rodent speeds. Our objective was to develop SqueakSpeed, an open-source Raspberry Pi-based system, and compare its accuracy and linearity to commercial cyclometers. We hypothesize that SqueakSpeed will replicate the commercial cyclometer's recorded running parameters and provide superior circadian resolution. SqueakSpeed uses a Hall sensor and neodymium magnets to record speed, distance, and acceleration, transmitting data to a cloud server in real time. VWR was recorded in caesarean-derived 1 mice (∼8-10 wk old) over 6 days with both SqueakSpeed and a VDO M2.1 cyclometer. Discrepant distance measurements prompted mechanical validation using a direct current (DC) motor across physiological running speeds (0.02-0.20 m/s). Surprisingly, the cyclometer showed overestimation at lower speeds with poor accuracy and linearity [root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.061, mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.046, <i>R</i>² = 0.48] and a mean bias of -0.038 m/s, wide 95% limits of agreement (-0.136 to 0.060 m/s), and significant speed-dependent proportional bias (slope = 1.235, <i>P</i> = 0.0003). In contrast, SqueakSpeed demonstrated high accuracy and linearity (RMSE = 0.002, MAE = 0.002, <i>R</i>² = 0.99), minimal mean bias (-0.00034 m/s), and narrower limits of agreement (-0.0039 to 0.0032 m/s). Commercial cyclometers are inaccurate and nonlinear within the physiological range of rodent running speeds. SqueakSpeed provides accurate, real-time quantification of wheel running with high-resolution circadian analysis. These findings support its use as a precise and versatile tool for behavioral studies.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> SqueakSpeed addresses a critical limitation in rodent exercise research by demonstrating that widely used commercial cyclometers are inaccurate and nonlinear at physiological running speeds. This open-source, low-cost system provides highly accurate, linear measurements with real-time data capture and minute-resolution circadian tracking. By combining validated performance with accessibility and precision, SqueakSpeed enables more reliable quantification of voluntary wheel running, improving the reproducibility of behavioral and cardiovascular studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":"H1573-H1582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of frequency-dependent myocardial reserve after TAVI in severe aortic stenosis: an invasive hemodynamic study.","authors":"Emiliano Fiori, Dimitri Buytaert, Michele Mattia Viscusi, Raffaella Mistrulli, Sara Corradetti, Tatyana Storozhenko, Anthony Kechichian, Nikolaos Stalikas, Eric Wyffels, Riet Dierckx, Emanuele Barbato, Ward A Heggermont, Jeroen Dauw, Jozef Bartunek, Marc Vanderheyden","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00441.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe aortic stenosis (AS) and chronic pressure overload may impair frequency-dependent myocardial reserve despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We investigated whether acute afterload reduction with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) restores force-frequency relationships (FFR) and relaxation frequency relationships (RFR). In this prospective study, patients with severe normal-flow, high-gradient AS and preserved LVEF underwent invasive left ventricular pressure recording during incremental atrial pacing at 80 and 100 beats/min before and immediately after TAVI. Systolic reserve was assessed using dP/d<i>t</i>_max and preload-adjusted indices [dP/d<i>t</i>_max/left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVSP)/LVEDP], whereas lusitropic reserve was assessed using dP/d<i>t</i>_min, the relaxation constant τ, and LVEDP. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 3 mo. Forty-six patients completed the pacing protocol. Before TAVI, pacing produced only a modest increase in dP/d<i>t</i>_max (Δ + 150 mmHg/s; <i>P</i> = 0.004), without improvement in dP/d<i>t</i>_min (<i>P</i> = 0.329) or τ (<i>P</i> = 0.182). Immediately after TAVI, pacing increased dP/d<i>t</i>_max (<i>P</i> < 0.001), dP/d<i>t</i>_max/LVEDP (<i>P</i> = 0.004), and LVSP/LVEDP (<i>P</i> = 0.031), while improving dP/d<i>t</i>_min (Δ + 56 mmHg/s; <i>P</i> = 0.050) and τ (<i>P</i> = 0.033) and reducing LVEDP (<i>P</i> = 0.017). Correlation analyses supported the emergence of physiological FFR and RFR after valve implantation. At 3 mo, echocardiography showed lower pulmonary artery systolic pressure (<i>P</i> = 0.002), improved left atrial reservoir strain, and lower diastolic dysfunction grade (<i>P</i> = 0.006). Thus, acute afterload relief with TAVI reveals preserved dynamic systolic and lusitropic reserve in severe AS, with subsequent group-level improvement in diastolic function.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides direct invasive human evidence that frequency-dependent myocardial reserve is acutely restored after TAVI in severe aortic stenosis. Controlled atrial pacing revealed blunted force-frequency and relaxation-frequency responses before valve replacement, despite preserved ejection fraction, with rapid recovery after afterload relief. These findings show that impaired myocardial reserve in pressure-overload remodeling is functionally reversible and tightly linked to loading conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":"331 5","pages":"H1498-H1508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension Increases Left Ventricular Chamber Stiffness Through Ventricular Interdependence and Is Attenuated by Pulmonary-Targeted SERCA2a Gene Therapy.","authors":"Jernie Rideb, Olympia Bikou, Kenji Watanabe, Renata Mazurek, Samta Veera, Jaume Aguero, Kiyotake Ishikawa","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.90090.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.90090.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prognosis in patients with left ventricular (LV) failure is significantly worse when accompanied by pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that right ventricular (RV) pressure overload negatively influences LV function through ventricular interdependence, and that attenuation of PH would attenuate this adverse interaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chronic post-capillary PH was induced by partial pulmonary vein banding in Yorkshire pigs. Animals underwent echocardiography and invasive LV pressure-volume relationship studies 2 months after intra-airway delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-1 carrying the Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) gene or saline. LV function and morphology were compared among PH treated with saline (PH+Saline, n=5), AAV1.SERCA2a (PH+SERCA group: n=7), and naïve (n=8) animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PH+Saline pigs had elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure, lower cardiac output, and increased RV mass, but these changes were attenuate in the PH+SERCA group. The RV-to-LV diameter ratio was significantly larger in the PH+Saline group than in both the naïve and PH+SERCA groups (p=0.006), with smaller LV eccentricity index (p=0.01). LV systolic parameters as well as relaxation parameters (dP/dt minimum and tau) were not different among the groups. Meanwhile, LV pressure-volume relationship during the preload reduction revealed significantly increased LV chamber stiffness in the PH+Saline group compared to sham group, whereas the change in relationship was attenuated in the PH+SERCA group (β coefficient: PH+Saline 0.094±0.027, PH+SERCA2a 0.058±0.018, naïve 0.043±0.017; P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RV pressure overload associated with PH increases LV chamber stiffness. Attenuation of PH with SERCA2a gene therapy attenuated the increase in LV chamber stiffness in a pig model of chronic post-capillary PH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute partial sleep deprivation attenuates cardiac output during moderate-intensity cycling in young adults.","authors":"Julian C Bommarito, Rileigh K Stapleton, Abjot Brar, Devin G McCarthy, Liam J Henry, Patrick Noonan, Jamie F Burr, Michael M Tymko, Clara E Cho, Philip J Millar","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.90242.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.90242.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute partial sleep deprivation (PSD) can attenuate systolic blood pressure (BP) during cycling exercise; however, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. This study aimed to test if acute PSD attenuates cardiac output (Q̇) during cycling. Twenty-five adults (22±3 yrs; 13 females; V̇O_2peak: 40.1±7.7 ml^.kg^-1.min^-1) completed a randomized, crossover trial where they slept normally or underwent acute PSD (early awakening; 40% normal sleep duration). BP, Q̇ (impedance cardiography), and middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) were assessed at rest, throughout 60 min of moderate-intensity cycling (81±35W), and recovery. Systolic and diastolic BP did not differ at rest or exercise (<i>P</i>≥0.19). Q̇ did not differ at rest (control: 5.0±0.9 L/min vs. PSD: 4.9±0.7 L/min, <i>P</i>>0.99) or 30 min of cycling (control: 11.5±2.7 L/min vs. PSD: 11.0±2.5 L/min, <i>P</i>=0.16), but was attenuated at 60 min of cycling (control: 12.3±3.1 L/min vs. PSD: 11.5±2.6 L/min, <i>P</i>=0.003) and recovery following PSD (control: 7.7±1.9 L/min vs. PSD: 7.2±1.4 L/min, <i>P</i>=0.04). Heart rate and estimated end-diastolic volume did not differ (both, <i>P</i>≥0.82); however, stroke volume tended to be lower (<i>P</i>=0.054), estimated ejection fraction was lower (<i>P</i>=0.02) and total peripheral resistance was augmented (<i>P</i>=0.04) following PSD. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were unchanged at rest but exhibited attenuated increases at 60 min of cycling following PSD (both, <i>P≤</i>0.045). Middle cerebral artery mean velocity tended to decrease during cycling following PSD (<i>P</i>=0.051). Acute PSD can attenuate exercise Q̇ after 30 min of moderate-intensity cycling secondary to a blunted stroke volume, without compensation by increased heart rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate fragmentation and variability from real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging using TREND-CMR software.","authors":"Zhijian Luan, Cody Thornburgh, Jia Xu, Steven R Van Doren","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00434.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00434.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance (rtCMR) is advantageous for imaging irregular cardiac cycles. However, software interpretation of the varied cardiac cycles imaged has been lacking. We developed TREND-CMR software to assess temporal variability in rtCMR. The temporal parameters were extracted from rtCMR scans using principal component analysis and corroborated by corresponding results from ECG and segmentation of the left ventricular blood pool. TREND-CMR provides multiple plots of temporal characteristics and video excerpts of the aberrant heartbeats of a subject. We adapted heart rate fragmentation (HRF), an innovation in electrophysiology, to rtCMR. We also describe new HRF metrics called jerkiness and fragmentation of left ventricular filling time. Applied to the rtCMR scans of 20 volunteers (mainly short axis, but also two-chamber views), jerkiness and HRF inflections suggested differences of two subjects with heart conditions. Regular alteration of beats at inspiration were noted in a subject with respiratory sinus arrhythmia apparent. TREND-CMR also supports motion correction of rtCMR imaging by sorting by respiratory phase. The simple interface, multi-panel plots, video excerpts of atypical beats, will make it easy for the community to quantify HRF and inspect aberrant cycles among a series of imaged beats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting deneddylation to prevent neointimal hyperplasia.","authors":"Yilang Li, Huabo Su","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.90023.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.90023.2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific cardiovascular responses in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis models.","authors":"Aolin Du, Jiahui Zhao, Yu Henry Huo, Junmeng Zhang, Debiao Zhao, Ahmed U Fayyaz, Bin Wang, Jiale Wang, Yan Bi, S Jeson Sangaralingham, Aurelia Lugea, Richard T Waldron, Stephen J Pandol, Margaret M Redfield, Baoan Ji, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.00065.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00065.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction is common in severe acute pancreatitis (AP) and contributes substantially to mortality. Although sex differences in CV diseases are well recognized, with males generally exhibiting higher risk and poorer outcomes, their influence on AP-associated CV responses remains poorly defined. Here, we examined sex-dependent alterations in vascular integrity and cardiac function using cerulein-induced mouse models of AP. Because obesity is associated with more severe forms of AP, cerulein was used to induce mild AP in lean wild-type C57BL/6J mice and a more severe phenotype in obese C57BL/6J mice. Across both models, pancreatic injury was comparable between sexes. A modest sex difference in vascular permeability was observed in the mild but not severe AP model. In mild AP, both males and females showed similar compensatory increases in cardiac systolic function; however, in severe AP, only female mice maintained this adaptive systolic augmentation. Circulating levels of free fatty acids, reflecting systemic tissue lipolysis, were lower in females. Impaired cardiac adaptation in males was accompanied by higher levels of seven different myocardial inflammatory cytokines, as well as elevated circulating levels of angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2). While Angpt2 levels correlated with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, Angpt2 neutralization did not improve, and indeed worsened cardiac function in males. Together, these findings delineate both sex-dependent and sex-independent CV responses in mild and severe AP and identify Angpt2 as a potential compensatory cardioprotective factor under obesity-associated severe AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study using the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel identifies loci for cardiac-resident macrophage subpopulation frequencies.","authors":"Amirala Bakhshian Nik, Santiago Alvarez-Argote, Sydney L Buday, Anooj A Arkatkar, Cheyret Wood, Melinda R Dwinell, Laura M Saba, Michaela Patterson, Caitlin C O'Meara","doi":"10.1152/ajpheart.90284.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpheart.90284.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac-resident macrophages (Mφs) play critical roles in both cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. These cells comprise a heterogeneous population; yet, the frequencies of distinct subsets, as well as the factors regulating their abundances, remain poorly understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether the frequencies of cardiac-resident Mφ subpopulations are influenced by genetic background and to identify genetic loci underlying these cell frequencies. Using the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel, a powerful systems genetics resource, we measured frequencies of monocyte-derived CCR2^HIGH versus CCR2^- cardiac-resident Mφs, and independently measured the frequency of CD169⁺ Mφs, a specialized resident Mφ subpopulation that largely overlaps with the CCR2^- population thought to be at least in part embryonically derived, across 74 female inbred rat strains. Our results reveal substantial natural variation in the frequencies of all Mφ subsets queried across strains, indicating a genetic contribution to their distribution. Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping identified suggestive and significant loci associated with CCR2^HIGH, CCR2^-, and CD169⁺ Mφ frequencies. We identified four loci that overlapped in the CCR2^- and CD169⁺ frequencies, providing replicative data that identify genetic loci associated with a Mφ phenotype of possible embryonic rather than hematopoietic origin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that genetic background influences the relative frequencies of cardiac Mφ subpopulations within the heart and illustrate the utility of the HRDP for investigating complex traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":7692,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149102953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}