综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"The vaccine we all wear: Skin microbiota can be engineered into topical vaccines","authors":"Djenet Bousbaine","doi":"10.1126/science.adz0485","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz0485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6755","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adz0485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cognitive networks and task performance on fMRI-based state classification using DNN models.","authors":"Murat Kucukosmanoglu, Javier O Garcia, Justin Brooks, Kanika Bansal","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05690-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05690-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep neural networks (DNNs) excel at extracting insights from complex data across various fields, however, their application in cognitive neuroscience remains limited, largely due to the lack of approaches with interpretability. Here, we employ two different and complementary DNN models, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), to classify cognitive task states from fMRI data, focusing on the cognitive underpinnings of the classification. The 1D-CNN achieved an overall accuracy of 81% (Macro AUC = 0.96), while the BiLSTM reached 78% (Macro AUC = 0.95). Despite the architectural differences, both models demonstrated a robust relationship between prediction accuracy and individual cognitive performance (p < 0.05 for 1D-CNN, and p < 0.001 for BiLSTM), with lower classification accuracy observed in individuals with poorer task performance. Feature importance analysis highlighted the dominance of visual networks, suggesting that task-driven state differences are primarily encoded in visual processing. Attention and control networks also showed relatively high importance. We observed individual trait-based effects and subtle model-specific differences: 1D-CNN yielded slightly better overall performance, while BiLSTM showed better sensitivity for individual behavior. This study highlights the application of interpretable DNNs in revealing cognitive mechanisms associated with task performance and individual variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive imaging-based sensor unlocked by differential guided-mode resonance","authors":"Zhenchao Liu, Houxin Fan, Tingbiao Guo, Qin Tan, Zhi Zhang, Yuwei Sun, Julian Evans, Junbo Liang, Ruili Zhang, Sailing He","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60947-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60947-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imaging-based sensors convert physicochemical parameters of analytes into visible patterns, yet a high sensitivity remains constrained. Here, we introduce the concept of differential guided-mode resonance with thickness modulation at a tens-nanometer scale to greatly enhance the sensitivity, alleviating the sensitivity-dynamic range tradeoff. Experimental results reveal a sensitivity of up to a million-level pixels per refractive index unit (RIU), surpassing existing technologies by nearly three orders of magnitude, with a large dynamic range reconfigured by the incident angle. With the present method, a moderate value (about 100) of the Q factor suffices to make a record high sensitivity and the Figure of Merit (FOM) can reach 10⁴ RIU⁻¹ level. We also demonstrate a portable device, highlighting its potential for practical applications, including 2D distribution sensing. This method unlocks the potential of imaging-based sensors with both record high sensitivity and tremendous dynamic range for accurate medical diagnosis, biochemical analysis, dynamic pollution monitoring, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MR-link-2: pleiotropy robust cis Mendelian randomization validated in three independent reference datasets of causality","authors":"Adriaan van der Graaf, Robert Warmerdam, Chiara Auwerx, Urmo Võsa, Maria Carolina Borges, Lude Franke, Zoltán Kutalik","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-60868-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60868-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mendelian randomization (MR) identifies causal relationships from observational data but has increased Type 1 error rates (T1E) when genetic instruments are limited to a single associated region, a typical scenario for molecular exposures. We developed MR-link-2, which leverages summary statistics and linkage disequilibrium (LD) to estimate causal effects and pleiotropy in a single region. We compare MR-link-2 to other <i>cis</i> MR methods: i) In simulations, MR-link-2 has calibrated T1E and high power. ii) We reidentify metabolic reactions from three metabolic pathway references using four independent metabolite quantitative trait locus studies. MR-link-2 often (76%) outperforms other methods in area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) (up to 0.80). iii) For canonical causal relationships between complex traits, MR-link-2 has lower per-locus T1E (0.096 vs. min. 0.142, at 5% level), identifying all but one of the true causal links, reducing cross-locus causal effect heterogeneity to almost half. iv) Testing causal direction between blood cell compositions and marker gene expression shows MR-link-2 has superior AUC (0.82 vs. 0.68). Finally, analyzing causality between metabolites not directly connected by canonical reactions, only MR-link-2 identifies the causal relationship between pyruvate and citrate (<span>(hat{alpha })</span> = 0.11, P = 7.2<span>⋅</span>10⁻⁷), a key citric acid cycle reaction. Overall, MR-link-2 identifies pleiotropy-robust causality from summary statistics in single associated regions, making it well suited for applications to molecular phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured organic sheets sequestering small extracellular vesicles and reactive species to protect against radiation-induced mucositis","authors":"Yuefei Zhu, Changyi Xu, Zhixin Li, Xiaomin Bao, Ming Liu, Yangyang She, Renqiang Ma, Xiangzhen Liu, Jian Li, Weiping Wen, Kam W. Leong, Zhaoxu Tu","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-61236-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61236-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation-induced mucositis significantly reduces quality of life in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Radiation exposure increases the secretion of small extracellular vesicles carrying double-stranded DNA, which triggers excessive inflammation. To address this, we develop functionalized organic nanosheets designed to capture these inflammatory vesicles from damaged tissue. Using template-based synthesis, we create nanostructured organic sheets functionalized with CD63 aptamers, enabling selective targeting of extracellular vesicles involved in mucositis. These nanosheets show enhanced vesicle-binding capacity compared to spherical nanoparticles, efficiently suppressing inflammation by inhibiting the stimulator of interferon genes activation in macrophages. Additionally, they effectively scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, further alleviating mucosal inflammation. Flow cytometry and transcriptome analyses in irradiated animal models confirm significant mucositis mitigation. This therapeutic platform provides a promising anti-inflammatory strategy by demonstrating how biomaterial geometry and surface functionalization can modulate small extracellular vesicle-mediated inflammation in radiation-induced mucositis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistent energy-diversity relationships in terrestrial vertebrates","authors":"Marco Túlio P. Coelho,&nbsp;Elisa Barreto,&nbsp;José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho,&nbsp;Thiago F. Rangel,&nbsp;Eliška Bohdalková,&nbsp;David Storch,&nbsp;Yun-Ting Jang,&nbsp;Mikael Pontarp,&nbsp;Fernanda Cassemiro,&nbsp;Matheus Lima de Araujo,&nbsp;Pincelli M. Hull,&nbsp;Catherine H. Graham","doi":"10.1126/science.adu2590","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adu2590","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Ecologists have long proposed that environments providing more energy can support more species, yet empirical evidence frequently contradicts this expectation. We argue that such inconsistencies result from confounding geographical influences that mask the true relationship between species richness and energy-related factors. Here, by comparing species richness across different climate conditions, we disentangle the direct effects of temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity from the confounding impacts of the area and isolation of various climates. Using a global analysis of terrestrial vertebrates, we reveal clear and consistent relationships between energy-related factors and species richness. Our findings clarify existing ecological theory and illustrate how adopting a climate space perspective advances biodiversity research, providing critical insights into biodiversity patterns and their responses to environmental change.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6755","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrinking quantum randomization","authors":"Naoki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Kaito Wada","doi":"10.1126/science.adz0147","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz0147","url":null,"abstract":"<div >When rolling a dice, each of the six faces appears randomly with equal probability. This simple phenomenon of randomness plays a key role in many technologies such as cryptography (<i>1</i>), complex physical simulations (<i>2</i>), and magnetic resonance imaging (<i>3</i>). In classical computer science, randomized algorithms can perform more efficient computation with less memory use compared to algorithms that follow deterministic paths (<i>4</i>). Randomness also has an important technological role in quantum computing, but generating this requires a large number of operations. On page 92 of this issue, Schuster <i>et al.</i> (<i>5</i>) report a quantum circuit (an abstract sequence of actions for computation) that achieves randomness with an exponentially reduced number of operations. This lowers the engineering barrier for achieving fast and efficient quantum computing in various applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6755","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of blood self-sampling with HemaSpot HF for Anti-Clostridium tetani Toxin IgG detection.","authors":"R Kettlitz, J Ortmann, T Kerrinnes, J J Ott, S Castell","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-06674-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06674-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health research in humans often requires biosamples, e.g. blood. However, collecting venous blood samples poses multiple logistic challenges and needs to be carried by practitioners at study centres. Using self-collected samples of dried blood spots is an attractive alternative, but its feasibility remains to be determined. We investigated the feasibility (including acceptance) of a self-sampling device called HemaSpot HF (HS) employing the use case of anti-Clostridium tetani toxin IgG detection among 154 volunteers. Of those, n = 49 underwent an additional venous blood puncture (VBP) by medical staff (gold standard) as and control for user errors, which were determined by adding serum on HS filter paper (HemaForm (HF)). Antibody concentrations were analysed via ELISA and the serological status was determined using different cut-off values (COV). Most participants (85%) found the self-sampling using the HS device (fully) acceptable. Sensitivity for HS ranged from 70% (95% CI 0.55; 0.83; COV: 1.0 lU/mL) to 100% (95% CI 0.93; 1.00; COV: 0.01 and 0.1 lU/mL), and for HF 85% (95% CI 0.72; 0.94; 1.0 lU/mL) to 100% (95% CI 0.93; 1.00; COV: 0.01 and 0.1 lU/mL). The correlation between HS and VBP was r_Pearson = 0.73 (95% CI 0.56; 0.83), and between HF and VBP r_Pearson = 0.81 (95% CI 0.69; 0.89). The average difference in antibody concentration between HS and VBP was 1.1 IU/mL (Bland-Altman plots) and increased with the IgG concentration. Therefore, despite high acceptability, self-sampling with HS needs further improvement to be a reliable alternative to VBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"23693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random unitaries in extremely low depth","authors":"Thomas Schuster,&nbsp;Jonas Haferkamp,&nbsp;Hsin-Yuan Huang","doi":"10.1126/science.adv8590","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adv8590","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Random unitaries are central to quantum technologies and the study of complex quantum many-body physics. However, existing protocols for generating random unitaries require long evolution times and deep circuits. In this work, we prove that local quantum circuits can form random unitaries in extremely low depth on any geometry. These shallow circuits have low complexity and create only short-range correlations, yet are indistinguishable from random unitaries with exponential complexity. This finding contrasts sharply with classical systems, in which a long evolution time is required to appear random. Our results have widespread applications across quantum science, from device benchmarking to quantum advantages. Moreover, they reveal that fundamental physical properties—including evolution time, causal structure, and phases of matter—are provably hard to learn.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6755","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane topology inversion of GGCX mediates cytoplasmic carboxylation for antiviral defense","authors":"Tomohiko Okazaki,&nbsp;Keiji Nozaki,&nbsp;Nao Morimoto,&nbsp;Yuta Otobe,&nbsp;Riho Saito,&nbsp;Shuntaro Abe,&nbsp;Miyuki Okajima,&nbsp;Hikari Yoshitane,&nbsp;Tomohisa Hatta,&nbsp;Shun-ichiro Iemura,&nbsp;Tohru Natsume,&nbsp;Hidetaka Kosako,&nbsp;Miwako Yamasaki,&nbsp;Satoshi Inoue,&nbsp;Takashi Kondo,&nbsp;Haruhiko Koseki,&nbsp;Yukiko Gotoh","doi":"10.1126/science.adk9967","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adk9967","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is an adaptor involved in antiviral immunity, but its regulation is not fully understood. We identified carboxylation of MAVS by vitamin K (VK)–dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which was unexpected owing to the reported membrane topology of GGCX. We found that GGCX could undergo topology inversion to carboxylate MAVS within the cytoplasm. This carboxylation enhanced the ability of MAVS to induce type I interferons while suppressing the induction of apoptosis. Genetic knockout of GGCX, a VK-free diet, or depletion of VK by inhibiting VK epoxide reductase 1 with warfarin increased viral susceptibility in mice. Thus, we identified a MAVS regulatory mechanism—the existence of cytoplasmic protein carboxylation and topological inversion of GGCX—and demonstrated how modulating VK levels may influence antiviral defense.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"389 6755","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}