综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Fundamental role of spatial positioning of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mycobacterial survival in macrophages.","authors":"Shivani Sahu,Navin Baid,Deepali Aggarwal,Ankita Sharma,Manisha Gun,Sahanawaz Molla,Anunay Sinha,Ambey Prasad Dwivedi,Amit Tuli,Mahak Sharma,Sanjeev Khosla,Varadharajan Sundaramurthy,Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-64404-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64404-z","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a model intracellular pathogen. The spatial-localization of M. tuberculosis inside macrophages is poorly defined. Here, we determine the spatial-localization of M. tuberculosis inside macrophages with reference to the nucleus. Few M. tuberculosis cells are perinuclear, while most are peripheral. Perinuclear M. tuberculosis are transported to lysosomes, have low Adenosine Triphosphate/Adenosine Diphosphate, are non-replicating, and tolerate front-line anti-tubercular medicines. M. tuberculosis pathogenicity determines its spatial location. Virulent M. tuberculosis strains are peripheral. However, avirulent M. tuberculosis strains or attenuated deletion mutants are transported to lysosomes in the perinuclear area. Early Secreted Antigenic Target-6 and Culture Filtrate Protein-10 play a critical role in inhibiting mycobacterial transport to the perinuclear space. Induction of centripetal transport of pathogenic M. tuberculosis-laden cargoes to perinuclear region enhances M. tuberculosis's delivery to the lysosomes and reduces mycobacterial growth. Interferon-γ directs M. tuberculosis to lysosomes by modulating their perinuclear localization. Interferon-γ upregulates Transmembrane protein 55B and JNK-interacting protein 4 via transcription factor EB. Increased transmembrane protein 55B and JNK-interacting protein 4 levels tether M. tuberculosis-laden cargoes to the dynein motor, causing their perinuclear delivery to lysosomes. These findings shed light on how mycobacterial metabolism, reproduction, and drug susceptibility are connected to virulence-guided spatial localization.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"50 1","pages":"9368"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstellar visitors: Smoking and nonsmoking","authors":"Andy Lawrence","doi":"10.1126/science.aec2085","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.aec2085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcifying plankton: From biomineralization to global change","authors":"Patrizia Ziveri,&nbsp;Gerald Langer,&nbsp;Sonia Chaabane,&nbsp;Joost de Vries,&nbsp;William Robert Gray,&nbsp;Nina Keul,&nbsp;Ian A. Hatton,&nbsp;Clara Manno,&nbsp;Richard Norris,&nbsp;Sven Pallacks,&nbsp;Jeremy R. Young,&nbsp;Ralf Schiebel,&nbsp;Stergios Zarkogiannis,&nbsp;Griselda Anglada-Ortiz,&nbsp;Stefania Bianco,&nbsp;Thibault de Garidel-Thoron,&nbsp;Michaël Grelaud,&nbsp;Arturo Lucas,&nbsp;Ian Probert,&nbsp;P. Graham Mortyn","doi":"10.1126/science.adq8520","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adq8520","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The cycling of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in the ocean is closely linked to seawater alkalinity and the regulation of atmospheric CO₂. In the modern pelagic ocean, almost all CaCO₃ is produced by three groups of calcifying planktonic organisms: coccolithophores, foraminifers, and shelled pteropods. In this Review, we examine the differences in functional traits that define each group’s distinctive role in the global carbon cycle and their sensitivity to climate change and ocean acidification. This synthesis reveals that a single representation of CaCO₃ in climate models is unlikely to accurately reflect system dynamics or their impacts on biogeochemical cycling under climate change. We argue that understanding past and future CaCO₃ cycle requires a better delineation of the traits that make up the diversity of calcifying plankton groups.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucosylation of endogenous haustorium-inducing factors underpins kin avoidance in parasitic plants","authors":"Lei Xiang,&nbsp;Songkui Cui,&nbsp;Simon B. Saucet,&nbsp;Moe Takahashi,&nbsp;Shoko Inaba,&nbsp;Bing Xie,&nbsp;Mario Schilder,&nbsp;Shota Shimada,&nbsp;Mengqi Cui,&nbsp;Yanmei Li,&nbsp;Mutsumi Watanabe,&nbsp;Yuki Tobimatsu,&nbsp;Harro J. Bouwmeester,&nbsp;Takayuki Tohge,&nbsp;Ken Shirasu,&nbsp;Satoko Yoshida","doi":"10.1126/science.adx8220","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx8220","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Parasitic plants rarely attack themselves, suggesting the existence of a kin-avoidance mechanism. In the root parasitic plant <i>Phtheirospermum japonicum</i>, prehaustorium formation is triggered by host-secreted haustorium-inducing factors (HIFs), but it is unresponsive to its own exudates. Here we report the identification of the <i>spontaneous prehaustorium 1</i> (<i>spoh1</i>) mutant, which forms prehaustoria without external host signals. <i>spoh1</i> harbors a point mutation in the gene encoding uridine diphosphate–glucosyltransferase UGT72B1, an enzyme that glucosylates and thereby inactivates phenolic HIFs. PjUGT72B1 has a different substrate specificity than its ortholog of the host <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Introduction of PjUGT72B1 into <i>Arabidopsis</i> reduced prehaustorium induction activity, indicating that UGT72B1 regulates haustorium induction by hosts. Our findings suggest that Orobanchaceae hemiparasitic plants have evolved kin-avoidance mechanisms through the glucosylation of endogenous HIFs.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"390 6771","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A step towards microlitter risk assessment: modelling microlitter storage potential of the UK seabed.","authors":"Adil Bakir, Adam Porter, Ceri Lewis, Jon Barry, Robert Brookes, William Procter, Briony Silburn, Alexandra Rachael McGoran, Clement Garcia, Claire Mason, Stefan Bolam, David Stephen Clare, Keith Cooper, Anna Downie, Jim Ellis, Daniel Wood, Claire Phillips, Tamara S Galloway","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seafloor sediments have been defined as sinks for microplastics in the marine environment and could therefore represent suitable matrices for their long-term monitoring. Previous studies indicated the widespread distribution of microlitter in seafloor sediments for the UK. In the present study, observations from 2017 to 2021 were used to produce a microlitter distribution model (unitless), derived from physical properties of the seabed that are known to drive the storage capacity of microlitter. The predicted distribution model was converted into a geospatial data layer and plotted against additional open access data layers for likely sources of marine litter (e.g. marine structures) as well as data layers for more sensitive features around the UK (e.g. marine protected areas (MPAs)). Visualization of the accumulation zones for microlitter against the different layers allowed the identification of areas potentially at risk from an increased addition of microlitter from various sources (e.g. dredge disposal sites). Identification of potential risks and prioritization for different zones of action would help the development of national and regional monitoring strategies while reducing costs of multi-compartment, larger scale monitoring programmes. Additional observations and targeted monitoring data are needed to link potential sources of accumulations for microplastics with a higher level of certainty.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Sedimentology of plastics: state of the art and future directions'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2307","pages":"20240428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of flow on the amount, retention and loss of plastic pollution in an urban river.","authors":"Jacob Haney, Xia Zhu, Mary Long, Bailey A Schwenk, Timothy J Hoellein, Wilfred M Wollheim, Richard B Lammers, Shan Zuidema, Chelsea M Rochman","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban rivers are hypothesized to be major transporters of plastic pollution into lakes and oceans, with storm events playing a pivotal role. However, few studies investigate microplastic and macroplastic contamination and transport across a river basin, and how it varies with flow. Here, we sampled microplastic (less than 5 mm) and macroplastic (greater than 5 mm) from four sites along an urban river in Ontario, Canada, during baseflow and stormflow. To contextualize their fate and transport through river reaches, we sampled macroplastic stored in the riparian zone, overhanging vegetation, floating in surface water and riverbed and sampled microplastic from the surface water, water column and sediment. At baseflow, most macroplastic was found in the riparian zone (ranging from 0.1 to 4.7 pieces per m²). During stormflow, concentrations (micro and macro) rise and fall with discharge. Moreover, the composition of microplastics in the water column shifts from fibre- to rubber-dominated during higher flows. The mobilization of denser (e.g. rubber) particles during flow is consistent with greater water velocities during storms. Finally, using our data and flow patterns from 2022 to 2023, we estimate that approximately 522 billion microplastic particles and 20 754 macroplastic items, equalling approximately 36 000 and 160 kg by mass, respectively, are transported to Lake Ontario annually.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Sedimentology of plastics: state of the art and future directions'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2307","pages":"20230023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flash-flood-driven litter accumulation on beaches studied with aerial imagery and machine learning on Sicily's northeastern coast, southern Italy.","authors":"Jun Seok Oh, Carolin Leluschko, Christoph Tholen, Marcello Gugliotta","doi":"10.1098/rsta.2024.0427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the distributions and dynamics of litter accumulation in a part of the northeastern coast of Sicily, southern Italy, using a multidisciplinary approach with manned and unmanned aerial systems imagery, a machine-learning algorithm and analysis of meteorological data. Aerial imagery shows that litter accumulations are present on beaches near the river mouths and potentially after flash floods. At least five distinct flash flood events depositing litter have been inferred since March 2015 to January 2024 in the study area. Meteorological data show that high precipitation, resulting in flash floods, and prevailing wind direction from the sea are the primary contributors to litter accumulation in this area. The algorithm applied on drone imagery on one of the accumulations detected a composition of polystyrene (42.6%), wood (35.6%), polyurethane (6.1%) and polyethylene terephthalate (5.4%). The general composition of the litter accumulation and its distribution near river mouths suggests that its source is associated with the input from nearby towns through mismanagement on the riverbeds, followed by flash floods. This study highlights the importance of considering river floods when investigating litter dynamics in coastal environments, as well as the potential of using aerial imagery and machine learning to help assess this problem.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Sedimentology of plastics: state of the art and future directions'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19879,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences","volume":"383 2307","pages":"20240427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric gating of a homopentameric ion channel GLIC revealed by cryo-EM.","authors":"Zhuowen Li,Nikhil Bharambe,Kashmiri Manishrao Lande,Bjarne Feddersen,Asha Manikkoth Balakrishna,Philip C Biggin,Giriraj Sahu,Sandip Basak","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2512811122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512811122","url":null,"abstract":"Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are vital neurotransmitter receptors that are key therapeutic targets for neurological disorders. Although the high-resolution structures of these channels have been elucidated, capturing their dynamic conformational transitions remains challenging due to the transient nature of intermediate states. In this study, we investigated a prokaryotic proton-gated pLGIC, GLIC. In our cryo-EM data at pH 4.0, we identified and segregated asymmetric particles, which we precisely aligned to resolve high-resolution structures of several previously unresolved asymmetric intermediate states, in addition to symmetric closed and open states. Detailed structural analysis revealed systematic conformational changes at individual subunits driving the channel opening. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to assign the functional states. We further examined the roles of the F116 and Y251 residues, located at the domain interface, playing a central role in interdomain communication. In addition, patch-clamp experiments on GLIC I240A and L241A mutants, located in the M2 helix, demonstrated their importance in channel gating. Together, these results shed light on the sequential and asymmetric conformational transitions that occur during GLIC activation, offering a deeper mechanistic understanding of asymmetric gating in pLGICs.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"15 1","pages":"e2512811122"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A US case-control study to estimate infant group B streptococcal disease serological thresholds of risk-reduction.","authors":"Julia C Rhodes,Rebecca Kahn,Shanna Bolcen,Nong Shang,Yunmi Chung,Monica M Farley,Amber N Britton,Ashley E Moore,Stepy Thomas,Joelle Nadle,Laura B Amsden,Jacek Skarbinski,Kristi R VanWinden,Meghan Barnes,Kerianne Engesser,Patricia Ferrieri,AmberJean P Hansen,Lee H Harrison,Laura Jeffrey,Jessica L Nyholm,Sean T O'Leary,Courtney Olson-Chen,Jemma V Rowlands,Shannon A Seopaul,Ann R Thomas,Htet Htet N Wrigley,Lesley McGee,Sundaram Ajay Vishwanathan,Fahmina Akhter,Bailey Alston,Lily Tao Jia,Yikun Li,Palak Y Patel,Joy Rivers,Jessica E Southwell,Theresa Tran,Panagiotis Maniatis,Stephanie J Schrag","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-64324-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64324-y","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal vaccines to prevent infant Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease have progressed through phase II development and may be licensed based on immunologic endpoints, which have yet to be approved by regulatory authorities. Here we present a multistate case control study to characterize the relationship between serotype-specific anti-capsular polysaccharide (CPS) immunoglobulin G concentrations near birth and infant GBS disease risk reduction. Antibody concentration distributions are significantly lower for cases (n = 643) than controls (n = 2801) and serologic thresholds varied by serotype and age at onset, with 80% serotype-specific protective thresholds ranging from 0.52 to 2.49 mcg/mL for early-onset disease (EOD; <7 days old) and 0.02 to 0.14 mcg/mL for late-onset disease (LOD; 7-89 days old). Our study provides the most robust data to date that protection thresholds vary by serotype and are notably lower for LOD than EOD, thereby informing potential serological endpoints for phase III trials evaluating CPS-based maternal GBS vaccine candidates.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"20 1","pages":"9381"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene with near unit selectivity.","authors":"Xiaoyu Sui,Jiwu Zhao,Pu Zhang,Ying Wang,Hangbin Zheng,Haihua Zeng,Pengzhao Wang,Yanyan Jia,Na Wen,Zhengxin Ding,Zizhong Zhang,Sheng Dai,Chao Xu,Rusheng Yuan,Wenxin Dai,Xianzhi Fu,Jinlin Long","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-64389-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64389-9","url":null,"abstract":"The non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to alkenes is thermodynamically limited by the trade-off between the cleavage of C-H and C-C bonds. Unlocking the thermodynamic bottleneck with photocatalysis is prone to eliminate undesirable side reactions such as deep dehydrogenation, cracking, isomerization, and polymerization. Herein, we show the photocatalytic non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene and hydrogen at ambient conditions, which is enabled by grafting of Ni single atoms to modulate the surface electronic structure of Pd nanoparticles photo-deposited on the surface of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, modifying the ethane dehydrogenation pathway. A high rate of 8.2 ± 0.2 mmol·g-1·h-1 for the stoichiometric conversion of ethane to ethene and hydrogen is achieved with a 100% ethene selectivity in a flow reactor under solar light irradiation. The apparent quantum efficiency reaches ~22.3% at 350 nm by using the optimal T-Ni0.6Pd0.24 photocatalyst. Solar-driven non-oxidative alkane dehydrogenation offers a route to light alkenes with high performance, and selectivity.","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"105 1","pages":"9386"},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}