Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics最新文献

{"title":"Study of karst manifestations in Solotvyno based on aerial photography from a UAV","authors":"V. Hlotov, Y. Shylo, Yaroslav Yatskivskyi, N. Kablak, Mariya Nychvyd","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is devoted to the study of surface karst manifestations on the territory of inactive salt mines of Solotvyno, Transcarpathian region, Ukraine. The historical development of the salt mine from the moment of the creation of the first mine (the end of the 18th century) to the present is considered. Based on the results of previously published studies, monitoring of karst manifestations from 2010 to 2020 was implemented. The last stage of monitoring in 2021 was the aerial survey of the territory obtained by the Arrow UAV using the Sony QX1 camera. Pix4Dmapper software was used for image processing. The aim of the work is to estimate the scale of destructive geological processes by the method of photogrammetry. During the execution of the work, the methods of processing materials of aerial photography, analysis of developments in the direction of photogrammetry were applied. As a result of the study, the volume-planar characteristics of karst formations on the territory of Solotvyno were calculated using the photogrammetry method. This scientific work is relevant for assessing the scale of the development of degenerative geological processes on the territory of Ukraine, in particular within the Transcarpathian region. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in their application in order to ensure environmental monitoring. The results of the study can be used to predict the impact on economic and infrastructure objects, followed by the development of a plan of specific actions for prevention, localization and work with the consequences of man-made processes in the adjacent territory.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"27 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90213774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of reference stations on the stability of the geodetic control network during deformation determination in the area of Kadzielnia in Kielce","authors":"K. Krawczyk","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Observations of land surface deformation are one of the important tasks of surveying, especially in landslide areas. They concern the determination in time of the magnitude of the deformation, on the basis of a stable reference system based on a geodetic control points. The whole measurement process can be divided into two parts. One part concerns the observation of reference points (geodetic control points) and the other the observation of the object itself. In the first, in addition to classical methods, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) techniques based on reference stations are used. In the second, common observation methods such as laser scanning or photogrammetric methods using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are used. These observations are carried out in a specific time period in relation to the aforementioned geodetic control points. An area such as Kadzielnia in Kielce is covered by a long-term observation programme. A key element is the survey of the constancy of the geodetic control points, which are located in the epicentre of the survey. The survey of the constancy of the control points at Kadzielnia was based on a static method using SmartNet stations. Taking into account the fact that reference stations are treated as error-free reference points and that they operate 24 hours a day, it was decided to study the variability of their position over a longer period of time, as well as to determine the influence on the geodetic control points and to observe the deformation of the object during the measurement cycles.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"151 1","pages":"19 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72673369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the impact of generalization on maps of erosion dissection at different scales","authors":"Iryna Hodzinska, T. Hutsul, Ivan Kazimir","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The issue of building thematic maps of erosion dissection, despite its wide demand in various fields of human activity (construction of hydraulic structures, transport and housing construction, agriculture), still has no clear rules and instructions, which causes different perceptions of the obtained mapping results by specialists. The purpose of the study is to experimentally identify the change in the index of erosive dissection depending on the scale of the initial data, the size of the cell, the method of constructing the thematic map, etc. The methods used in this research are the method of mathematical statistics, GIS mapping and modelling, spatial analysis, and change detection. For each of the selected methods of thematic mapping, we compiled the cartograms that allow the visual tracking of changes in the elements of the erosion network depending on the geometric characteristics of the scale and cell size. The dimensions and characteristics with optimal results were substantiated. The main feature of erosional dissection mapping of any territory is to detect the negative relief or concave upward forms. The result is a visual perception accompanied by the addition of numerical values. Estimation of erosion dissection by these methods was used in the construction of a thematic map of the foothill territory with a relatively homogeneous relief pattern. It should be noted that the change in the morphometric index happens simultaneously with the change in orographic features. Therefore, for areas with different forms of relief, the combination or use of only one of the above methods allows identifying the optimal and most accurate one among them. The use of well-established methods will facilitate the study of foothill plains or mountainous areas and will allow expanding the scope of the use of thematic maps for applied purposes and forecasting.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79422461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring mass movements using Network-RTK measurement technique and producing potential rockfall scenarios in a paleo-landslide area","authors":"F. Kadi, Alper Tunga Akın, Ziya Usta","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mass movements resulting from landslides cause significant losses in terms of lives and property. Periodic observations of these movements using geodetic measurement techniques help to prevent these losses. Network-RTK measurement technique produces real-time location with centimeter accuracy, based on phase observations using a network of reference stations. In this study, the paleo-landslide area in the Işıklar location of Trabzon province, Esiroğlu district, Turkey, was chosen as the application area. This study aims to measure the application area between 2019 and 2021, using the Network-RTK technique to determine the mass movements. Additionally, there is a rock block in an area with a steep slope. The possible movement of this rock block is a threat to infrastructure facilities, residential areas, agricultural areas, and life safety if the mass movement continues. Within this scope, the potential movement scenarios of the block were produced using RocPro3D software and UAV photogrammetry. Scenarios following an ongoing mass movements in the region triggering another mass movement are discussed. In the light of the results obtained, mass movements in the vertical direction of up to 28 cm were detected in the area where the rock block is located in the last 2 years. The periodic continuation of mass movements in the study area, declared a disaster-prone area, confirms the importance of the rock block in the region. In another phase of the study, possible movement scenarios of the rock block were examined using a rockfall analysis. In this context, with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a digital elevation model and orthophoto map of the region where the rock block is likely to move was produced and a base map to be used in rockfall analysis was obtained. As a result of the rockfall analysis, maps showing the speed, energy, spread, possible impacts, and stopping points were produced. With the examination of these maps, it has been determined that residential areas, agricultural areas, and infrastructure facilities in the study area may be significantly damaged.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"9 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83261317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicle detection and masking in UAV images using YOLO to improve photogrammetric products","authors":"K. Pargieła","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Photogrammetric products obtained by processing data acquired with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used in many fields. Various structures are analysed, including roads. Many roads located in cities are characterised by heavy traffic. This makes it impossible to avoid the presence of cars in aerial photographs. However, they are not an integral part of the landscape, so their presence in the generated photogrammetric products is unnecessary. The occurrence of cars in the images may also lead to errors such as irregularities in digital elevation models (DEMs) in roadway areas and the blurring effect on orthophotomaps. The research aimed to improve the quality of photogrammetric products obtained with the Structure from Motion algorithm. To fulfil this objective, the Yolo v3 algorithm was used to automatically detect cars in the images. Neural network learning was performed using data from a different flight to ensure that the obtained detector could also be used in independent projects. The photogrammetric process was then carried out in two scenarios: with and without masks. The obtained results show that the automatic masking of cars in images is fast and allows for a significant increase in the quality of photogrammetric products such as DEMs and orthophotomaps.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"10 1","pages":"15 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79992369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A crossvalidation-based comparison of kriging and IDW in local GNSS/levelling quasigeoid modelling","authors":"M. Ligas, Blazej Lucki, Piotr Banasik","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study compares two interpolation methods in the problem of a local GNSS/levelling (quasi) geoid modelling. It uses raw data, no global geopotential model is involved. The methods differ as to the complexity of modelling procedure and theoretical background, they are ordinary kriging/least-squares collocation with constant trend and inverse distance weighting (IDW). The comparison itself was done through leave-one-out and random (Monte Carlo) cross-validation. Ordinary kriging and IDW performance was tested with a local (using limited number of data) and global (using all available data) neighbourhoods using various planar covariance function models in case of kriging and various exponents (power parameter) in case of IDW. For the study area both methods assure an overall accuracy level, measured by mean absolute error, root mean square error and median absolute error, of less than 1 cm. Although the method of IDW is much simpler, a suitably selected parameters (also trend removal) may contribute to differences between methods that are virtually negligible (fraction of a millimetre).","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"428 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77419139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability analysis of attention U-Nets over vanilla variants for automated ship detection","authors":"Pranshav Gajjar, Manav Garg, Vatsal Shah, Pooja Shah, Anup Das","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Accurate and efficient detection of ships from aerial images is an intriguing and difficult task of extreme societal importance due to their implication and association with maritime infractions, and other suspicious actions. Having an automated system with the required capabilities indicates a substantial reduction in the related man-hours of characterization and the overall underlying processes. With the advent of various image processing techniques and advancements in the field of machine learning and deep learning, specialized methodologies can be created for the said task. An intuition for the enhancement of existing methodologies would be a study on attention-based cognition and the development of improved neural architectures with the available attention modules. This paper offers a novel study and empirical analysis of the utility of various attention modules with U-Net and other subsidiary architectures as a backbone for the task of computationally efficient and accurate ship detection. The best performing models are depicted and explained thoroughly, while considering their temporal performance.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"83 1","pages":"9 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76921155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of the environmental temperature influence on the horizontal displacements of the Dnieper hydroelectric station dam (according to GNSS measurements)","authors":"K. Tretyak, B. Palianytsia","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper studies the relationship between the ambient temperature change and the horizontal displacements on control points of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station dam from 2016 to 2020. A specially developed software product analyzed the GNSS time series of measurements pre-processed by the GeoMoS system to determine the parameters of seasonal displacements and their relationship with seasonal changes in air temperature. The research established that the influence of ambient temperature in the absence of significant changes in the water level in the upper reservoir determines the cyclicity of dam deformations. It is established that the projections of velocity vectors of reference points in the ETRF-2014 system for the studied period do not exceed the absolute value of 3 mm/month. The directions of the horizontal displacement vectors in the first half of each year are opposite to the directions recorded in the second half. In the first half of the year, the dam’s body shifts towards the reservoir, while in the second half year period, it shifts-backwards. According to the three-year GNSS monitoring of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station dam, the amplitude of semi-annual horizontal oscillations of the control points relative to the dam axis is from -9.5 to +8 mm. In winter and summer, the horizontal displacements increase from the edges of the dam to its central part, and the amplitudes of the horizontal displacements move vice versa. The obtained data establish a linear analytical relationship between the average temperature and the horizontal displacements of the GNSS control points.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85922507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities of geoinformational analysis for assessment of the state and directions of development of geodetic support of the territory of Ukraine","authors":"R. Bespalko, Ivan Kazimir, T. Hutsul","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Topographic, geodetic and cartographic activities are one of the main activities for the effective development of the economy, science of strengthening national security and defense. It is a set of management, production, scientific and educational activities for the storage and communication to users of geodetic and cartographic information and data. The article considers one of the segments of this activity – the state of geodetic support of the territory of Ukraine and its assessment according to official data on the possibility of creating topographic maps and plans of scale 1:25 000 – 1:2000 in compliance with applicable regulations. To carry out the assessment, around the points of the State Geodetic Network of Ukraine (DGM) buffer zones of radii of circles of standard sizes were constructed, zoning of the territory with Thissen-Voronoi polygons and covering of the territory in the form of a hexagonal grid were done by means of ArcGIS. The results of the current assessment as of 2022 conducted by three methods are summarized in the table in terms of oblasts of Ukraine. The data obtained are compared to the previous assessment conducted five years ago. Changes in the state of geodetic support have been identified and their objective reasons explained. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed methods of geoinformation analysis of the assessment of the state of geodetic support of the territories are given. It is established that the combination of different methods will allow to use the existing points of DGM with greater efficiency and to substantiate the priority places for further development of the network. The complex of scientific and applied works related to the modernization of the state geodetic network will allow to quickly and locally develop a network based on satellite and computer technologies and create and present digital cartographic information at the modern scientific and technical level in accordance with current needs.","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"13 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87794866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Repeatability of RTK (GPS and Galileo/GPS) performance in the analysis of points located in areas with and without obstructions","authors":"A. Pırtı, M. A. Yucel","doi":"10.2478/rgg-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Galileo is Europe’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which provides improved positioning and timing data with significant benefits for many European services and users. Galileo enables users to know their exact location with greater precision than other available systems. Access to the Galileo signal in the obstructed and unobstructed environment provides benefits and opportunities for work, thanks to the improved performance and accuracy. The use of a Galileo-enabled receiver increases the number of satellites in view significantly. When compared to the performance of single-constellation receivers, this significantly reduces the time required to obtain a position with centimetre-level accuracy. The results indicate the current Galileo constellation’s suitability for high-precision RTK applications, as well as improved availability, accuracy, reliability, and time-to-fix in the obstructed and unobstructed environments. The results of RTK GPS and RTK GPS/Galileo obtained at different times of the same day by using two reference points were compared. The results of this study illustrate that integrating RTK GPS system with Galileo is favorable for surveying applications (cm accuracy). This study shows that in surveying applications requiring centimetre accuracy, the RTK GPS/Galileo method can replace other survey methods (Total Station).","PeriodicalId":42010,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics","volume":"23 26 1","pages":"11 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88667207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}