The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Pulmonary Diseases: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Dongping Wang,&nbsp;Wenhong Lin,&nbsp;Hongyan Cheng,&nbsp;Xundi Bao,&nbsp;Dongfang Xu,&nbsp;Suo Liang,&nbsp;Yue Jiang,&nbsp;Chao Wang","doi":"10.1155/2022/2642200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2642200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases is increasing every year. The present study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics, CT findings, and drug susceptibility test (DST) results of patients diagnosed with <i>M. intracellulare</i> or <i>M. abscessus</i> nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD). This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with NTMPD due to <i>M. intracellulare</i> or <i>M. abscessus</i> for the first time at Anhui Chest Hospital between 01/2019 and 12/2021. The patients were grouped as <i>M. intracellulare-</i>NTMPD group or <i>M. abscessus-</i>NTMPD group. Clinical features, imaging data and DST data, were collected. Patients with <i>M. intracellulare</i> infection had a higher rate of acid-fast smears (66.1% vs. 45.2%, <i>P</i>=0.032) and a higher rate of cavitation based on pulmonary imaging (49.6% vs. 19.4%, <i>P</i>=0.002) than patients with <i>M. abscessus</i> infection, but both groups had negative TB-RNA and GeneXpert results, with no other characteristics significant differences. The results of DST showed that <i>M. intracellulare</i> had high susceptibility rate to moxifloxacin (95.9%), amikacin (90.1%), clarithromycin (91.7%), and rifabutin (90.1%). <i>M. abscessus</i> had the highest susceptibility rate to amikacin (71.0%) and clarithromycin (71.0%). The clinical features of <i>M. intracellulare</i> pneumopathy and <i>M. abscessus</i> pneumopathy are highly similar. It may be easily misdiagnosed, and therefore, early strain identification is necessary. <i>M. intracellulare</i> has a high susceptibility rate to moxifloxacin, amikacin, clarithromycin, and rifabutin, while <i>M. abscessus</i> has the highest susceptibility rate to amikacin and clarithromycin. This study provides an important clinical basis for improving the management of NTMPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2642200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8759892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection among Han and Uygur Populations in Xinjiang, China.","authors":"Zhi Wen,&nbsp;Wenli Li,&nbsp;Yuan Fang,&nbsp;Chang Zhou,&nbsp;Kang Lin,&nbsp;Huanwu Wu,&nbsp;Yiting Zhang,&nbsp;Yulin Zhu,&nbsp;Xingchen Xu,&nbsp;Yan Zeng,&nbsp;Baojing Lu,&nbsp;Linding Wang","doi":"10.1155/2021/2555865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2555865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which is endangering human health worldwide, especially in Africa, Europe, the United States, and parts of Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of KSHV in Xinjiang. Three KSHV recombinant proteins (ORF65, ORF73, and K8.1) were used to detect KSHV infection. The serum samples to be tested were detected by an indirect ELISA method. The overall infection rate of KSHV in Xinjiang was 25.60%, with a higher infection rate in the Uygur population of 29.79%. After adjusting for possible confounders, Uygur (OR = 3.95, 95% CI 2.64-6.12, <i>P</i> < 0.001), agriculture and livestock (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.20-2.17, <i>P</i> = 0.002), age ≤ 50 years (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-2.00, <i>P</i> = 0.006), and predominantly meat-based diet (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.78, <i>P</i> = 0.018) were significantly associated with the odds of KSHV seropositivity correlation. Three unique sequences of KSHV were obtained in this study; genotypic analysis showed that the three unique sequences were all subtype A2.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2555865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39677447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infections Mother-Newborn Pair Study in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe,&nbsp;Zeleke Mekonnen,&nbsp;Eskindir Loha,&nbsp;Elizaveta Padalko","doi":"10.1155/2021/4646743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4646743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is a common cause of neurodevelopmental delays and sensorineural hearing loss of infants, yet the prevalence of cCMV and the associated factors in Ethiopia are not studied. Hence, this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cCMV in Southern Ethiopia. <i>Methodology</i>. A mother-newborn pair cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Newborn's saliva sample was tested for cCMV using Alethia CMV molecular assay. Mothers' serum was tested serologically for anti-CMV IgM and IgG by EUROIMMUN ELISA. Pregnant women responded to a questionnaire about their previous and current obstetric history and sociodemographic characteristics. The chi-square (<i>χ</i> ²) test and independent-sample <i>t</i>-test were used to determine the associations between infections and possible risk factors; then, potential variables were screened for multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 593 mother-newborn pairs were assessed. CMV was detected in 14 of 593 newborn saliva swabs (2.4%; 95% CI 1.2-3.7). As assessed by CMV IgM-positive results, maternal CMV seropositivity was 8.3% (49/593); thus, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of CMV was 28% (14/49) among CMV IgM-positive women. Congenital CMV infection was significantly associated with maternal exposure through nursery school children in the household, women sharing a feeding cup with children, and any of the detected curable STIs during pregnancy. Birth weight was negatively associated with CMV infection. Maternal age, gravidity, level of education, and sharing of children feeding utensils were not associated with cCMV infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high rate of cCMV infection in the absence of awareness demands further in-depth investigation in Ethiopia. Thus, policymakers must take appropriate action through the antenatal care system for prevention strategies and put in place a constant health education and awareness creation of pregnant women about the causes of infection and hygienic measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"4646743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8739911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39677448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Virulence Genes of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Sterile Body Fluid Samples and Their Correlation with Clinical Symptoms and Outcomes.","authors":"Tao Lin,&nbsp;Qianhui Li,&nbsp;Defu Jin,&nbsp;Wanbo Liu,&nbsp;Chaogui Tang,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2021/5354747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5354747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is the major pathogen causing nosocomial human infections and produces a variety of virulence factors that contribute to its ability to colonize and cause diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the virulence genes in <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from sterile body fluid samples and their correlation with clinical symptoms and outcomes. The VITEK 2® Compact system was used to perform biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests on 33 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. Virulence genes were amplified using multiplex PCR. The virulence gene patterns were analyzed by systematic cluster analysis. The frequency of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> was 45.45%, and 17 virulence genes were identified. Genes encoding hemolysins showed high frequencies. The frequencies of <i>hla</i>, <i>hlb</i>, <i>hld</i>, and <i>hlgB</i> were 93.94% and that of the <i>luk-F/S-PV</i> was 21.21%. Except for the frequency of <i>splB</i> (51.52%), the remaining genes encoding invasive proteases showed frequencies greater than 81.82%. Among the patients, 100.00% had undergone invasive medical procedures and 24.00% had been treated with more than three types of antibiotic drugs. Invasive medical procedures are the main causes of infection. Resistance to antibiotic drugs and the status of carrying virulence genes were highly related to clinical symptoms and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5354747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39664863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventional Effect of Nanosilver Paint on Fungal Load of Indoor Air in a Hospital Ward.","authors":"Nasrin Rostami,&nbsp;Hossein Alidadi,&nbsp;Hossein Zarrinfar,&nbsp;Damon Ketabi,&nbsp;Hamed Tabesh","doi":"10.1155/2021/8658600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8658600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hospital ward environments contain various types of microorganisms, in which fungal agents are one of the main contaminants that may cause hospital-acquired infections. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nanosilver paint on reducing fungal contaminants of indoor air in an educational, research, and treatment center. Two rooms in the hematology ward were selected. One room was painted using usual paint (control room) and the other room was painted with paint containing nanosilver particles (experimental room). One hundred and twelve samples were collected using active (Anderson BioSampler) and passive (settle plate or open plate) air sampling techniques. The samples were incubated for 3-7 days at 35°C, and the positive fungal cultures were examined according to morphological and microscopic characteristics. Following active sampling, the mean and standard deviation of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/m³) of fungi colonies in the experimental and control rooms were 29.21 ± 17.99 and 22.50 ± 10.02 before intervention and 13.79 ± 6.20 and 31.07 ± 21.1 after intervention, respectively. Following passive sampling, the number of CFU/plate in the experimental and control rooms was 6 and 0 before and 1and 1 after intervention, respectively. The use of the nanosilver paint was effective in reducing air fungal contamination. Moreover, the active sampling method was more sensitive to measuring the concentration changes for fungal bioaerosols.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8658600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39771378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iranian Pediatric COVID-19 Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics.","authors":"Shahnaz Armin,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mirkarimi,&nbsp;Zahra Pourmoghaddas,&nbsp;Marjan Tariverdi,&nbsp;Azadeh Jafrasteh,&nbsp;Noushin Marhamati,&nbsp;Armin Shirvani,&nbsp;Abdollah Karimi,&nbsp;Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei,&nbsp;Roxana Mansour Ghanaei,&nbsp;SeyedAlireza Fahimzad,&nbsp;Fariba Shirvani,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini-Alfatemi","doi":"10.1155/2021/4914371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4914371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the worldwide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), information about the epidemiological and clinical patterns of this infection is still largely unknown in children. In addition, the prevalence of this disease is still very high in some parts of the world, including Iran. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological features, laboratory and imaging findings, and the type of treatments in children with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study is conducted from March 2020-March 2021 by using the medical records of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 children younger than 18 years in five cities of Iran: Tehran, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Bandar-Abbas, and Khorramabad. In addition to demographic and epidemiological data, we also studied clinical signs and treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 278 confirmed COVID-19 children, the average age was 5.3 years, and 59.4%were boys. A total of 37.8% had an underlying disease, in which the most common was a malignancy. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. In this group of pediatrics, some abnormal laboratory findings have been seen. GGO (Ground-Glass Opacity) had been diagnosed in 58.6% of children. 3.6% needed oxygen therapy with ventilators, and 83.09% had received antibiotic treatments with the majority of ceftriaxone. Also, 10% had got steroids. In this study, the mortality rate was 4.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, most of the children who died had an underlying disease, so timely care and action is important in them. Most children admitted to our study received antibiotics and were prescribed antivirals and steroids for a smaller number. Also, a small number of children received oxygen therapy, most of whom were in the age group of 1 to 5 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"4914371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8674083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39740674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Colonization in Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study in Palestine.","authors":"Mohammad Qadi,&nbsp;Adham AbuTaha,&nbsp;Ro'ya Al-Shehab,&nbsp;Salsabil Sulaiman,&nbsp;Abdallah Hamayel,&nbsp;Amjad Hussein,&nbsp;Shatha AbuTaha,&nbsp;Ayman Dawoud,&nbsp;Faizeh Hussein","doi":"10.1155/2021/8686550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8686550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS)) colonization is an important cause of complications in mothers and neonates during gestation and after delivery. The data regarding GBS colonization among pregnant women in Palestine is scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, its associated risk factors, and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns in Nablus, West Bank, Palestine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, single center study conducted at Rafidia Governmental Hospital in Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. Samples were collected between November 2019 and January 2020. Vaginal swabs from 200 pregnant women (≥35 weeks of gestation) attending the labor and delivery department were plated directly on CHROMagar^TM StrepB (CHROM agar, France) and placed in an incubator at 35-37°C. After 24 and 48 hours, the plates were checked for growth and classified into three categories: growth of GBS with mauve colonies on chromogenic media, no growth, or other growth. The identification of the mauve colonies was confirmed by the CAMP test. Identified GBS isolates were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, and levofloxacin using the disc diffusion method. Clinical and demographic information were collected using a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall prevalence of GBS colonization was 12%. The median age of the study population was 27 years. GBS colonization was significantly associated with age (<i>p</i>=0.013), history of previous preterm delivery (<i>p</i>=0.013), and parity (<i>p</i>=0.015). No association was noted with smoking, previous abortion, previous history of fetal demise, vaginitis, or urinary tract infection. Resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin was found to be 91.7%, 54.2%, 45.8%, 29.2%, 25%, and 8.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of vaginal GBS in this study was 12% from Nablus, West Bank. Further research is needed to determine the GBS serotypes common in West Bank and the burden they cause on the health system. Moreover, this study also highlights the need to establish a screening program suited to a developing country with low control on the antibiotic's prescription protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8686550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39626257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KDM1A Identified as a Potential Oncogenic Driver and Prognostic Biomarker via Multi-Omics Analysis.","authors":"Lingyue Li,&nbsp;Yiyu Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Mou,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Ye Qin","doi":"10.1155/2021/4668565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4668565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is a histone demethylation enzyme and a crucial epigenetic factor for multiple pathological pathways that mediate carcinogenesis and immunogenicity. Although increasing evidence supposes the association between KDM1A and cancers, no systematic multi-omics analysis of KDM1A is available.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically evaluated the KDM1A expression of various cancer and normal tissues and the unique relationship between KDM1A expression and prognosis of cancer cases based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database. The genetic variations, phosphorylation, and DNA methylation of KDM1A were analyzed via various tools. We further analyzed the correlation of KDM1A expression and fibroblasts and immune cell infiltration score of TCGA samples via TIMER2.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>KDM1A</i> was highly expressed in 17 types of total 33 cancers, while it expressed low levels in only 4 cancers. High KDM1A expression was associated with worse survival status in various cancers. KDM1A expression was positively correlated with the cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration levels in most cancer types. Additionally, KDM1A in most cancer types was negatively correlated with Th1 cell infiltration and positively correlated with Th2 cells. Moreover, spliceosome, cell cycle, and RNA transport pathways were involved in the functional mechanisms of KDM1A via enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study describes the epigenetic factor KDM1A as an oncogene and prognostic biomarker. Our findings provide valuable guidance for further analysis of KDM1A function in pathogenesis and potential clinical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"4668565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8677413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39740673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypical and Genotypical Comparison of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Isolated from Clinical Samples: Homebrew DNA Fingerprinting versus Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) and Clostridial Toxin Genes.","authors":"Javid Sisakhtpour,&nbsp;Fatemeh Savaheli Moghadam,&nbsp;Sepideh Khodaparast,&nbsp;Nima Khoramabadi,&nbsp;Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez","doi":"10.1155/2021/7386554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7386554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Clostridium</i> (<i>Clostridioides</i>) <i>difficile</i> is recognized as the major cause of healthcare antibiotic-associated diarrhea. We surveyed a molecular epidemiological correlation between the clinical isolates from two general hospitals in Iran through clustering toxigenic types and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study population included 460 diarrhoeic specimens from inpatients with a history of antibiotic therapy. All samples underwent enriched anaerobic culture, confirmed by detection of <i>glu</i>D gene with PCR. Toxin status and AST were assessed by the disk diffusion method (DDM) and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of metronidazole, vancomycin, and rifampin. <i>C. difficile</i> outbreak was analyzed through conventional PCR by tracing toxin genes and Homebrew pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for characterizing isolates within our healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 <i>C. difficile</i> strains were isolated by enriched anaerobic culture from the clinical samples. Among them, 22 (4.8%) toxigenic profiles yielded toxins A and B (<i>tcd</i>A, <i>tcd</i>B) and binary toxins (<i>cdt</i>A, <i>cdt</i>B). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 18.1% and 9% for vancomycin and metronidazole, and all isolates were susceptible to rifampicin and its minimum inhibitory concentration was at <0.003 <i>μ</i>g/mL. The most dominant toxigenic and antibiotic-resistant \"pulsotype F\" was detected through PFGE combined with multiple Clostridial toxigenic pattern and AST.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DNA fingerprinting studies represent a powerful tool in surveying hypervirulent <i>C. difficile</i> strains in clinical settings. Resistance to vancomycin and metronidazole, as first-line antibiotics, necessitate accomplishment of proper control strategies and also prescription of tigecycline as a more appropriate option.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"7386554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8660249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Exhaled Hydrogen Sulfide in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenoma.","authors":"Nian Liu,&nbsp;Yujen Tseng,&nbsp;Huilu Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Chen","doi":"10.1155/2021/8046368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8046368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exhaled determination can detect metabolite hydrogen sulfide in the intestine. We aim to analyze the predictive value of hydrogen sulfide in the diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited seventy patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma as the observation group and sixty-six healthy subjects as the control group. The colorectal adenoma was diagnosed by colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from June 2018 to November 2019. Exhaled gas was collected through the nose and mouth, respectively, and hydrogen sulfide in exhaled gas was determined according to the manufacturer's instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed based on the exhaled data of the observation group and the control group. The ROC curve showed an area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.724 for nasal exhaled H₂S, which had a diagnostic value. When nasal exhaled H₂S was >13.3 part per billion (ppb), the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 57% and 78%, respectively. The exhaled H₂S of the observation group was significantly different from that of the control group. The AUC value was 0.716 as a prognostic factor of colorectal adenoma. As exhaled H₂S was >28.8 ppb, the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 63% and 77%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exhaled and nasal H₂S determination has a predictive value for colorectal adenoma as a novel and noninvasive method. Therefore, it is worth conducting more research to analyze exhaled and nasal H₂S.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8046368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39719565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}