Experimental Aging Research最新文献

{"title":"Metamemory Mediates the Effects of Age on Episodic and Working Memory across the Adult Lifespan.","authors":"Selene Cansino, Frine Torres-Trejo, Cinthya Estrada-Manilla, Silvia Ruiz Velasco","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2158004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2158004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have examined the direct relationship between metamemory and memory performance in young and older adults, but the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we examined whether metamemory mediates the effects of age on memory performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined episodic memory and working memory through computerized tasks performed by a lifespan sample of 1554 healthy adults. Seven metamemory traits were measured with the Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire. Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to investigate potential metamemory mediators that intervened between age and the accuracy and speed of accessing information from episodic and working memory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of internal or external strategies mediated the effects of age on episodic memory and spatial working memory performance. The perception of one's own memory capacity and the experience of anxiety when using memory functions mediated the effects of age on working memory performance in both domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metamemory traits have the power to strengthen or weaken the course of episodic and working memory decline throughout adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":" ","pages":"65-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10325586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congruent Prosody Reduces Cognitive Effort in Memory for Spoken Sentences: A Pupillometric Study with Young and Older Adults","authors":"Ryan M. O’Leary, Nicole M. Amichetti, Zoe Brown, Alexander J. Kinney, Arthur Wingfield","doi":"10.1080/0361073x.2023.2286872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073x.2023.2286872","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of declines in working memory and other processes, older adults generally maintain good ability to understand and remember spoken sentences. In part this is due to preserved knowledge of l...","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adults Show Intraindividual Variation in the Use of Predictive Processing.","authors":"Suzanne R Jongman, Allyson Copeland, Yaqi Xu, Brennan R Payne, Kara D Federmeier","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2137358","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2137358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of prediction can aid language comprehension through preactivation of relevant word features. However, predictions can be wrong, and it has been proposed that resolving the mismatch between the predicted and presented item requires cognitive resources. Older adults tend not to predict and instead rely more on passive comprehension. Here, we tested, using an intraindividual approach, whether older adults consistently use this less demanding processing strategy while reading or whether they attempt to predict on some trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a cross-task conflict paradigm. Younger and older participants self-paced to read sentences that ended with either an expected or unexpected word. Each sentence was then followed by a flanker stimulus that could be congruent or incongruent. We examined responses within and across the two tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unexpected words were in general read as quickly as expected words, indicating that typical processing of these words was similar. However, for both younger and older adults, there was a greater proportion of very slow trials for unexpected words, revealing different processing on a subset of trials. Critically, in older adults, these slowly read unexpected words engaged control, as seen in speeded responses to incongruent flanker stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using a cross-task conflict paradigm, we showed that older adults are able to predict and engage cognitive resources to cope with prediction violations, but do not opt to use these processes consistently.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"49 5","pages":"433-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10154438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10024197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of whole-course nutrition management on accelerated recovery in elderly patients with bladder cancer","authors":"Wenwen Fu, Lina Zhang","doi":"10.26599/agr.2023.9340014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/agr.2023.9340014","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><strong>Objective</strong> The purpose of this article is to explore the effect of whole-course nutrition management on accelerated recovery in elderly patients with bladder cancer. </sec><sec><strong>Results</strong> 126 elderly patients with bladder cancer completed the study (<i>N</i>_{accelerated rehabilitation} = 63; <i>N</i>_control = 63). The levels of albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin accelerated rehabilitation group were significantly higher than those in control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05), the albumin supplementation amount, intensive care unit (ICU) monitoring time, and hospitalization cost in the accelerated rehabilitation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The postoperative complication rate of patients in the accelerated rehabilitation group was lower than that of the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in body composition body mass index (BMI), actual weight, body fat volume, body fat percentage, fat free weight, visceral fat area Basal metabolic rate, ratio of total body water to protein weight, waist circumference, phase angle (<i>P</i> > 0.05), The degree of loss of skeletal muscle, body water, intracellular water, protein, and body cell mass in accelerated rehabilitation group was lower than that in control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). </sec><sec><strong>Conclusion</strong> The whole-course nutrition management had a positive effect on accelerated recovery in elderly bladder cancer patients. </sec><sec><strong>Methods</strong> 126 elderly patients with bladder cancer were randomly divided into an accelerated rehabilitation group (accelerated recovery surgery group) and a control group (traditional treatment group). The baseline values were registered. After admission, the postoperative hematological indicators (albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin), and postoperative related indicators (albumin supplementation, postoperative complication rate, ICU monitoring time, and total hospitalization costs) were recorded to simultaneously measure the differences in body composition between two groups of patients. </sec>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"2019 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The connotation and path of sports promoting \"proactive health\" strategy","authors":"Huiru Wang, Jiachen Liu","doi":"10.26599/agr.2023.9340011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/agr.2023.9340011","url":null,"abstract":"In response to an aging population and the accelerated transition from a disease-centered approach to a people's health-centered approach, proactive health has become an essential component of China's future health security system. Sports are a significant part of the proactive health strategy. Using Citespace 6.2.2 visualization analysis software, 211 effective documents were visually analyzed. It is believed that the focal points for implementing the \"proactive health\" strategy include: 1. Insisting on \"moving the focus upstream\" to curb diseases at their budding stage; 2. Dialectically viewing the aging population, regarding the elderly from a \"positive perspective\"; 3. Creating a proactive health environment and improve the proactive health security system; 4. Popularizing health knowledge scientifically, promoting the health literacy and health behaviors of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of aging-related genes in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection","authors":"Honghao Li, Yuanyuan Deng, Honglie Zeng, Shaowei Cai, Ming Xu, Hongli Zhao","doi":"10.26599/agr.2023.9340013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26599/agr.2023.9340013","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><strong>Background</strong> <i> Helicobacter pylori</i> (HP) infection is common worldwide, leading to many systemic diseases. The reasons for aging have been explored, but there is no unified conclusion. The aim of this study was to explore aging-related genes involved in HP infection. </sec><sec><strong>Results</strong> A total of 70 aging-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between HP infection and control groups, including 64 upregulated genes and 6 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways are closely linked to HP infection. In addition, the cytoHubba plugin identified 10 important hub genes, namely, ITGB2, PTPRC, HCLS1, LAPTM5, CD53, LYN, HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQB1, and CXCL8. Additionally, the correlation analysis of immune cell fractions revealed that immune infiltration plays an important role in HP infection. The nomogram containing CD53, ITGB2, and CXCL8 confirmed the favorable prediction ability of HP infection. </sec><sec><strong>Conclusion</strong> Ten aging-related hub genes involved in HP infection were identified. This study revealed an association between aging and HP infection, and they may have a causal relationship. </sec><sec><strong>Methods</strong> Microarray data for HP infection were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Aging-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signature Database (<a ext-link-type=\"uri\" href=\"https://www.gsea-msigdb.org\">https://www.gsea-msigdb.org</a>). Differential gene expression analysis was analysed using R software and the limma package to find DEGs. In addition, functional enrichment analysis of DEGs by using GO and KEGG and construction of protein‒protein interactions (PPIs) and hub genes were determined by using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Additionally, immune infiltration and difference analysis between HP infection and control groups were performed with R software. A nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of infection with HP by using some hub genes that were strongly correlated with neutrophils. </sec>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The QuadMax Task: Parametrically Manipulating Associative Memory Load across the Adult Lifespan.","authors":"Corinna Y Franco,&nbsp;Alexander Alcaraz-Torres,&nbsp;Ilana J Bennett","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2115740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2115740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults of all ages are worse at recognizing pairs of items that were previously seen together relative to the individual items, and this paired-associative memory deficit is exacerbated in aging. Less is known about memory for higher associative loads, which place greater demands on binding processes that link items into a cohesive memory trace, among other processes (e.g., working memory, recollection). In this study, adults across the lifespan (n = 250, 18-78 years) completed a novel recognition task in which they studied word pairs, triplets, and quadruplets and were tested on their memory for repeated, recombined, and novel word sets. Associative memory deficits were seen in adults of all ages as fewer correct responses to repeated sets (hits), more incorrect responses to recombined sets (recombined false alarm, FA), and larger differences between these measures (associative memory) at higher set sizes. In addition, older adults had worse associative memory performance (higher recombined FA, lower associative memory) that increased at higher set sizes. These findings indicate that associative memory deficits increase with demands on binding or other processes at higher associative loads and with aging. They further demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating and assessing associative memory load using our novel QuadMax task.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Olfactory Memory Performance Is Associated with Executive Function Deficits in Older Adults.","authors":"Carina Schlintl,&nbsp;Anne Schienle","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2122651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2122651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous research has identified an association between olfactory impairment (reduced odor sensitivity/ identification/ discrimination) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The present study focused on the relationship between olfactory memory performance and cognitive/affective functioning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Recognition performance for olfactory and visual stimuli (control condition) was tested through a matching task in older adults (<i>n</i> = 44; <i>M</i>_age = 76 years) and younger adults (<i>n</i> = 56; <i>M</i>_age = 24 years). Additionally, negative affect (anxiety, depression) and cognitive functioning were assessed via validated questionnaires and a neuropsychological test battery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The older participants performed worse than the younger adults in the olfactory memory task. In older adults, difficulties in remembering odors were associated with reduced odor identification and executive functioning (reduced cognitive flexibility). Affective well-being was not related to olfactory memory performance.</p><p><strong>Implication: </strong>Olfactory memory impairment in older adulthood might be a marker for cognitive decline in areas related to executive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"347-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised (FFQ-R) in Nursing Home Residents with Mild Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Fatih Özden,&nbsp;Zeynep Yıldız Kızkın,&nbsp;Mehmet Özkeskin","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2106716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2106716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Revised (FFQ-R) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) living in a nursing home.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted with 107 (69 women) older adults. The participants were evaluated with the FFQ-R, the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Barthel Index and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)\". FFQ-R was refilled one month later for retesting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cronbach's alpha value of the FFQ-R was 0.971. The global internal consistency was excellent (>0.80). Intraclass correlation coefficient of the FFQ-R was 0.962 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), indicating excellent test-retest reliability. The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) values of the FFQ-R was 0.80 and 2.21, respectively. The correlation between the total score of FFQ-R and the FES was excellent (r = 0.963, p < .001). The relationship between FFQ-R and MMSE was excellent (r = -0.821, p < .001). Besides, there was a moderate correlation between the FFQ-R with Barthel Index (r = -0.648, p < .001) and FFR-Q with MADRS (r = 0.568, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Turkish version of the FFQ-R is a valid and reliable tool to assess the fear of falling in nursing home residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"360-371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9508129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Musical Mnemonics on Working Memory Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Young and Older Adults.","authors":"Marije W Derks-Dijkman,&nbsp;Rebecca S Schaefer,&nbsp;Maartje L Stegeman,&nbsp;Ilse D A van Tilborg,&nbsp;Roy P C Kessels","doi":"10.1080/0361073X.2022.2104061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2104061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To overcome memory decrements in healthy aging, compensation strategies and mnemonics have been found to be promising. The effects of musical mnemonics in aging have been scarcely studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study examined the effects of musical presentation of digits (pitch sequences, rhythms, and their combinations) on working memory performance in young and older adults, as compared to spoken presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A facilitating effect of rhythm was found in both groups, whereas pitch and melodic cues affected performance negatively in older adults only. Musical training did not moderate the effect of musical mnemonics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>To investigate whether persons with working memory impairment also benefit from musical mnemonics, follow-up research in older persons with, for instance, mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's dementia is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12240,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Aging Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"307-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}