其他最新文献

{"title":"Redox imbalance and depression: the emerging role of molecular hydrogen in neuroprotection.","authors":"Francisco Javier Liévanos-Ruiz, Bertha Fenton-Navarro","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00105","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"314-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Adaptive Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Mammals.","authors":"Michaela Keuper, Martin Jastroch","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00020.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00020.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothermy depends on the ability to generate heat beyond basal metabolic output. The transition from incidental metabolic heat production to regulated adaptive thermogenesis represents a critical yet poorly understood milestone in vertebrate evolution. In vertebrates, adaptive thermogenesis includes shivering thermogenesis and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), the latter involving molecular mechanisms that release energy in the form of heat independently of muscle contraction. This review synthesizes physiological, comparative, and evolutionary findings on adaptive NST, with a focus on adipose-based thermogenesis mediated by its unique mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). We highlight a two-stage evolutionary model in which a prethermogenic adipose program governing UCP1 expression preceded the emergence of efficient UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in eutherian mammals. The source of NST and underlying mechanisms in other tissues and in noneutherian endothermic vertebrates are less well understood. We discuss proposed UCP1-independent sources of cellular heat production in adipose tissue and muscle. Although these pathways can increase cellular energy expenditure, evidence supporting their role as dedicated and regulated thermogenic mechanisms remains limited to date. Collectively, these findings suggest that adaptive NST is not a singular conserved mechanism but a diverse and context-dependent evolutionary strategy with important implications for understanding human physiology and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7619422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-in-One Augmented Reality Guided Head and Neck Tumor Resection.","authors":"Yue Yang, Matthieu Chabanas, Carrie Reale, Annie Benson, Jason Slagle, Matthew Weinger, Michael Topf, Jie Ying Wu","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-38236-8_3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-38236-8_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive margins are common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, yet intraoperative re-resection is often imprecise because margin locations are typically communicated verbally from pathology. We present an all-in-one augmented reality (AR) system that relocalizes positive margins from a resected specimen to the resection bed and visualizes them in situ using HoloLens 2 depth sensing and fully automated markerless surface registration. In a silicone phantom study with six medical trainees, markerless registration achieved target registration errors comparable to a marker-based baseline (median 1.8 mm vs. 1.7 mm; maximum < 4 mm). In a margin relocalization task, AR guidance reduced error from verbal guidance (median 14.2 mm) to a few millimeters (median 3.2 mm), with all AR localizations within 5mm error. These results support the feasibility of markerless AR margin guidance for more precise intraoperative re-resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94280,"journal":{"name":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","volume":"16893 ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-responsive supramolecular systems based on macrocycles and self-assembly structures.","authors":"Farida Bayanovna Gabdrakhmanova, Ekaterina Sergeevna Churbanova, Svetlana Evgenievna Solovieva, Igor Sergeevich Antipin","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00145","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia is closely associated with tumor progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and diagnostic challenges. The timely detection of hypoxia in live cancer cells is critical for early cancer diagnosis and for monitoring the effectiveness of anticancer therapies. Recently, there has been growing interest in non-covalent supramolecular design strategies for the development of hypoxia-sensitive sensors and prodrugs. Unlike the widely employed covalent approach, supramolecular chemistry eliminates the need for complex and time-consuming synthetic processes. Instead, the individual components of the sensor autonomously self-assemble into the desired structure. This review provides an overview of hypoxia-targeted and hypoxia-activated supramolecular probes, along with their mechanisms of action in tumor diagnosis and therapy. The supramolecular systems considered are classified according to the use of certain classes of macrocycles. The role of macrocyclic derivatives in the various proposed approaches and the response patterns of hypoxic targets will also be analyzed. Various representatives of the macrocyclic platforms, namely cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, pillararenes, (thia)calixarenes, due to their properties such as molecular recognition, are used as molecular containers-carriers for pharmaceuticals and bio-organic fluorescent dyes. As a result of complex formation, the photostability and the signal-to-noise ratio of dyes increase. In addition, the solubility of hydrophobic guests in water improves, cytotoxicity is reduced, and targeted delivery promotes the accumulation of drugs/dyes in tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide-releasing hydrogels: a new perspective on clinical translation.","authors":"Yue Xu, Zongchi Liu, Zongpu Xu, Yu Zhu","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00245","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, plays crucial roles in physiological regulation. However, efficient delivery and controlled release of H2S remain major challenges for clinical application. Hydrogels, with the unique three-dimensional network structure, provide a versatile platform for H2S loading and controlled release, offering a promising strategy to address these limitations. This article reviews the fabrication strategies of H2S-releasing hydrogels, including H2S donors, hydrogel properties, and incorporation strategies. In addition, biomedical applications of H2S-releasing hydrogels, including neurological therapy, cardiovascular therapy, regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis, bone metabolism, wound healing, and others, are discussed. By integrating current advances, the article aims to provide new perspectives for the further development and clinical translation of H2S-releasing hydrogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"164-176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular hydrogen and osteoarthritis: multi-target mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness.","authors":"Jiayu Chen, Dong Pan, Yixiang Zhao, Junyu Lin, Jie Tong","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00332","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-25-00332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by a self-perpetuating cycle of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation. Current therapies provide only symptomatic relief and do not alter disease progression, highlighting the urgent need for effective disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. Molecular hydrogen has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate due to its unique selective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. This review summarizes the multi-target mechanisms of molecular hydrogen and highlights innovative delivery technologies designed to overcome its key pharmacokinetic limitations, especially rapid diffusion and short residence time in the joint. We critically evaluate advanced strategies ranging from sustained-release injectable depots to stimulus-responsive nanocarriers and cell-based delivery systems. Clinical translation remains at an early stage; progress will depend on integrating intelligent, localized delivery systems with rigorously designed clinical trials to validate molecular hydrogen as a safe and effective disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen-rich water combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound in the treatment of kidney stones: a randomized controlled prospective clinical trial.","authors":"Yu Yin, Jing Wang, Feng Lian, Yunqing Tang, Yidi Shen, Yue Guo, Qiming Xu, Jing Hu, Guobin Yang, Hongtao Lu, Wenrui Liu","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-26-00067","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-26-00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation and development of kidney stones are related to abnormal urine metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Hydrogen-rich water has clear efficacy in antioxidant and improving inflammatory status, while Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula is a clinically effective traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for treating kidney stones. This randomized controlled prospective clinical trial from July 2025 to March 2026 at the Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine examined the effect of hydrogen-rich water and Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula on kidney stones. The included 100 patients with kidney stones were randomly divided into blank, hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen-rich water and Chinese medicine, and Chinese medicines groups. The patients received drinking hydrogen-rich water and/or Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula daily for 12 weeks. All subjects received basic treatment following the guidelines. Imaging examination, urine metabolism testing, renal function, inflammation and oxidative stress index, blood routine and liver function are used to detect the efficacy and safety of hydrogen-rich water and Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula. Results showed that the total effective rate of kidney stone treatment in blank group, Chinese medicines group, hydrogen-rich water and Chinese medicine group and hydrogen-rich water group was 28%, 76%, 80% and 32%. The Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula can partially alleviate the oxidative stress, uric acid metabolism and urinary magnesium levels of patients with kidney stone and improve the function of renal tubules. The hydrogen-rich water therapy showed only efficacy in improving glutathione reductase but the combination of hydrogen-rich water and Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula has shown superior efficacy in improving oxidative stress and related metabolic factors of blood uric acid and urine stones, as well as in renal tubular function. The results indicate that the addition of hydrogen-rich water can improve urinary metabolism and oxidative stress status in the treatment of kidney stones with Ye-Shi-Shi-Lin-Formula. The study was registered at the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ITMCTR2025001446).</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Pulses per Beat: Parallel Energetics of Myocardium and Coronary Wall.","authors":"Manuel F Muñoz, L Fernando Santana","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00023.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physiol.00023.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each heartbeat is initiated by a sinoatrial node action potential that propagates through the myocardial syncytium, triggering sequential contraction of the four chambers and propelling blood through the coronary, pulmonary, and systemic circulations. This mechanical event is fueled by two coupled energetic pulses: one in the working myocardium, where ATP is consumed by Ca²⁺ cycling, cross-bridge cycling, and ion pumping, and a second in the coronary vascular wall, where smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, and pericytes expend ATP to maintain tone, manage Ca²⁺, and coordinate perfusion against systolic compression that arrests their blood supply. Cardiac myocytes and coronary SMCs share the same actomyosin machinery but are activated differently. In myocytes, beat-to-beat Ca²⁺ transients drive Ca²⁺ binding to troponin C to permit synchronous contraction; in coronary SMCs, Ca²⁺/calmodulin activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which phosphorylates myosin to sustain tone. In both cell types, ATP availability sets the ceiling on excitability: when the energetic budget is met, ion pumps, SERCA, and ATP-sensitive channels operate within range and electrical behavior is stable; when it is not, excitability fails. Biosensor measurements reveal beat-to-beat ATP gains and dips in sinoatrial node and ventricular myocytes across systole and diastole. The vascular wall undergoes its own synchronous cycle: systolic compression arrests perfusion while MLCK, SERCA, and K_ir2.1-mediated retrograde signaling compete for a diastolic replenishment window that narrows with each heart rate increment. We propose that cardiac energetics must treat these pulses as coequal, reframing heart failure as a vascular and computational disease of the coronary wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning to Unify Deformable Shape and Texture Representations for Cardiac Video Classification.","authors":"Tonmoy Hossain, Miaomiao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-38098-2_38","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-38098-2_38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deformable shape representations have proven to be robust complements to texture features in cardiac image classification, offering geometric priors that are invariant to imaging artifacts and intensity variations. However, existing deep networks perform simple concatenation to combine these distinct feature representations, which neither fully exploits their complementary nature nor learns cross-modal feature dependencies. Furthermore, this results in uniform attention across all timepoints; hence ignoring the varying diagnostic importance across the cardiac phases. In this paper, we propose a novel cardiac video classification model that, for the first time, <i>learns temporal features in an integrated space of deformable shape and image texture representations</i>. In particular, we design a bi-directional cross-attention in the latent space to fuse latent deformable shape and image features, allowing each modality to adaptively weight the other based on spatio-temporal correspondence. In contrast to current methods that apply uniform weighting across all the cardiac phases, our approach learns to dynamically adjust the contributions of shape and texture representations, derived from images, over time. We demonstrate state-of-the-art classification performance on a cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) video dataset, achieving improved interpretability from attention mechanisms that identify diagnostically critical cardiac phases and modality contributions. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/tonmoy-hossain/ShapeFuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":94280,"journal":{"name":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","volume":"16886 ","pages":"399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing Adolescents to the Social Dimensions of AI through Story-Driven Game-Based Learning.","authors":"Jessica Vandenberg, Bradford Mott, Carlos Penilla, James Lester, Elizabeth Ozer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-29773-0_25","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-29773-0_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AI increasingly shapes high-stakes decisions in domains such as education and healthcare, underscoring the importance of engaging K-12 students in AI literacy experiences that foreground societal dimensions of AI, including fairness, bias, and accountability. This paper presents a story-driven, game-based learning environment designed to support middle school students' reasoning about these societal dimensions. In the game, students take on the role of decision-makers evaluating AI models in simulated clinical scenarios, navigating trade-offs between accuracy, training data representativeness, and model appropriateness for specific populations. We report findings from a classroom-based pilot study with adolescents (ages 11-14) examining how students engaged with issues of fairness, bias, and accountability during the intervention. Data sources included brief pre/post knowledge assessments and attitudinal surveys. Results suggest that participation was associated with improvements in students' understanding of AI-supported decision-making and shifts toward more critical perspectives on AI capabilities and limitations. Given the short duration of the intervention and the modest scope of the assessment measures, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary. Nonetheless, this work provides early evidence that narrative-centered, game-based approaches can support student engagement with the societal dimensions of AI and offers design insights for integrating ethical reasoning into classroom-based AI learning experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":524239,"journal":{"name":"Artificial intelligence in education : 27th international conference, AIED 2026, Seoul, South Korea, June 27-July 3, 2026, proceedings. Part VI. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (27th : 2026 : Seoul, Kore...","volume":"16586 ","pages":"337-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}