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{"title":"Expanding the therapeutic horizons of spesolimab: a review of off-label applications for inflammatory skin diseases.","authors":"Hanlin Zhang, Jia Zhou, Keyun Tang, Xinyi Zhang, Hongzhong Jin","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2460582","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2460582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review aims to outline the crucial role of IL-36 signaling in inflammatory skin diseases and summarize the therapeutic potential of spesolimab. Our goal is to provide insights into the off-label applications of spesolimab and future directions for its use in treating other challenging skin diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies. For RCTs, we additionally searched the ClinicalTrials.gov database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this review, we examine its off-label applications for conditions such as palmoplantar pustulosis, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. This review also explores the role of IL-36 in the pathophysiology of these disorders and discusses how spesolimab may address the limitations of current therapies for refractory cases. Randomized controlled trials and case reports are summarized to highlight the efficacy and tolerability of spesolimab across various inflammatory skin conditions. We highlight the challenges presented by the absence of standardized treatment guidelines and the need for larger clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review underscores the potential of spesolimab to enhance treatment strategies for inflammatory skin diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2460582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soybean drought tolerance via silicon-induced changes in growth, physiological, biochemical, and root characteristics.","authors":"Malik Muhammad Abdullah, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Muhammad Ahmad, Saddam Hussain, Hafiz Naeem Asghar, Arslan Haider, Usman Zulfiqar, Zahoor Ahmad, Walid Soufan, Pv Vara Prasad, Ivica Djalovic","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2465232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2465232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought-induced osmotic stress is a significant constraint to soybean growth and yield, necessitating the development of effective mitigation strategies. Silicon acts as an important strategy to mitigate the negative stress effects of drought stress. The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of soil-applied silicon in alleviating drought stress in soybean. Two field capacities were tested: control (85% FC) and drought (50% FC), with four silicon application rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha^-1) applied at sowing. Drought stress significantly affected the morphological parameters in soybean as plant height, leaf area, and water potential were reduced by 25%, 20%, and 36%, respectively, while root length increased as compared to control-85% FC. However, drought stress reduced root density, surface area, and biomass as compared to control-85% FC. Additionally, drought reduced photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll a and b levels, and stomatal conductance, while increasing malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The natural plant defense system was upregulated, with increased activity of phenolics, soluble proteins, and antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. However, silicon applications, especially at 200 kg ha^-1, significantly alleviated the negative effects of drought stress by improving morphophysiological and biochemical traits in soybeans. Compared to the control, Si₂₀₀ increased plant height, root length, photosynthetic rate, and water potential by 22%, 39%, 23%, and 17%, respectively, as compared to control. Furthermore, silicon reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels by 21% and 10%, enhancing plant resilience. Silicon supplementation also boosted biochemical attributes, with total soluble proteins, phenolics, and antioxidant enzyme activities increasing by 30%, 55%, 19%, 24%, and 31%, respectively, under drought conditions. In crux, silicon at 200 kg ha^-1 effectively mitigated the effects of drought stress in soybean, becoming a more sustainable approach to sustain crop yield and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2465232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whether the transient hair shedding phase exist after minoxidil treatment and does it predict treatment efficacy? A retrospective study in androgenetic alopecia patients.","authors":"Lingbo Bi, Haili Kan, Jing Wang, Yunbu Ding, Yuanbo Huang, Chaofan Wang, Yimei Du, Changpei Lu, Min Zhao, Weiling Sun, Tong Su, Weixin Fan","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2480739","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2480739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Minoxidil is a routinely used drug in treating multiple hair disorders. This study aimed to investigate the facticity of the temporal increase in the hair shedding amount after topical use of minoxidil.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We selected 49 patients who used 2% or 5% minoxidil topically to treat androgenetic alopecia for 24 weeks. The amount of hair shedding was recorded every four weeks before and after the treatment. The BASP classification and trichoscopy test results were also recorded before and after the treatment. The relative amount of hair shedding (RAHS) was defined as the recorded number of hair shedding after normalization. The correlation between the maximum RAHS (MRAHS) and the sulfotransferase activity as well as the therapeutic effect was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A temporary increase in the amount of hair shedding was detected in the first 12 weeks. This increase has a longer duration in patients treated with 2% minoxidil compared to 5%. Its severity was correlated with the improvement of trichoscopy tests only in patients with 5% minoxidil but not in 2%. However, both patients in the 2% and 5% minoxidil groups had a significant association between the MRAHS and the improvement in BASP classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The amount of hair shedding increases temporarily after the topical minoxidil use, the level of which is a potential treatment efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2480739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative associations between health behaviours, mental well-being, and health over 30 years.","authors":"Tiia Kekäläinen, Johanna Ahola, Emmi Reinilä, Tiina Savikangas, Marja-Liisa Kinnunen, Tuuli Pitkänen, Katja Kokko","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2479233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2479233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both the number of risky health behaviours and the duration of exposure to these behaviours over time may increase the risk of later adverse outcomes. This study examined cumulative associations of risky health behaviours with both positive and negative aspects of mental well-being and health. It has a uniquely long follow-up period of over 30 years, from early adulthood to the beginning of late adulthood.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The data were from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development. The participants represent the Finnish age cohort born in 1959. This study utilized data collected at ages 27 (1986), 36 (1995), 42 (2001), 50 (2009), and 61 (2020-2021) (<i>n</i> = 206-326). Risk scores indicating the current number of risky behaviours of smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity and their temporal accumulation over time were calculated. The associations of risk scores with mental well-being (depressive symptoms, psychological well-being) and health (self-rated health, number of metabolic risk factors) from age 36 onwards were analyzed with linear multilevel models adjusted for gender and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More current risky behaviours were associated with more depressive symptoms (<i>B</i> = 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.032), lower psychological well-being (<i>B</i> = -0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.010), lower self-rated health (<i>B</i> = -0.45, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and more metabolic risk factors (<i>B</i> = 0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.013). The associations of temporal risk scores with the outcomes were even stronger (depressive symptoms: <i>B</i> = 0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.001; psychological well-being: <i>B</i> = -0.15, <i>p</i> = 0.046; self-rated health: <i>B</i> = -0.82, <i>p</i> < 0.001; metabolic risk factors: <i>B</i> = 1.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Among individual behaviours, the temporal risk score of alcohol consumption was negatively associated with most outcomes, while smoking was associated with poorer mental well-being and physical inactivity with poorer health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current and temporal accumulation of multiple risky health behaviours were associated with poorer mental well-being and health. Preventing these behaviours early in adulthood and midlife is crucial to avoid their accumulation and subsequent health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2479233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaili sour soup in alleviation of hepatic steatosis in rats via lycopene route: an experimental study.","authors":"Yi Li, Shuo Cong, Rui Chen, Juan Tang, Liqiong Zhai, Yongmei Liu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2479585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2479585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases, with a range of manifestations, such as hepatic steatosis. Our previous study showed that Kaili Sour Soup (KSS) significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis in rats. This study explored the main components of KSS and the mechanisms by which it exerts its protective effects against NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four 6-week-old male Sprague-Dowley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three treatments: feeding a normal standard diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet plus gavage KSS. The effects of KSS treatment on hepatic lipid accumulation were assessed using biochemical, histological, and molecular experiments. The amounts of KSS ingredients were measured using biochemical assays. Network pharmacology analyses were performed to identify the hub genes of KSS targets and enriched pathways. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the effect of free fatty acids (FFA), lycopene, and estrogen on HepG2 viability. Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to determine the effect of KSS or lycopene on estrogen signaling and expression of lipid metabolism-related molecules. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KSS alleviated fat deposition in rat liver tissue and affected the expression of hepatic lipid synthesis, catabolism, and oxidative molecules. Lycopene was identified as the ingredient with the highest amount in KSS. Network pharmacology analyses showed that the hub genes were enriched in the estrogen signaling pathway. Cellular experiments showed that lycopene increased the expression of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A (<i>CPT1A</i>), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (<i>PPARα</i>) (all <i>p</i> < 0.01), and Hormone sensitive lipase (<i>HSL</i>) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and reduced the expression of lipid metabolism-related factors <i>1c(SREBP-1c</i>) (<i>p</i> < 0.01), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (<i>ACC</i>) and Lipoprotein lipase (<i>LPL</i>) (all <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KSS ameliorated abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with NAFLD. Lycopene was the major component of KSS, and it affected estrogen signaling and the expression of lipid metabolism molecules. In short, both KSS and LYC could change lipid metabolism by lowering lipid accumulation and raising lipolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2479585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals abscisic acid-induced bHLH transcription factors involved in saikosaponin biosynthesis in <i>Bupleurum chinense</i> DC.","authors":"Han Wang, Shanqun Hu, Tong Li, Xuejie Qu, Jiaqi Zhang, Baoshun Wang, Yixuan Sun, Rui Cao, Yutong Yan, Ze Song, Xia'nan Zhang, Rong Luo, Yuru Tong, Changli Liu","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2495301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2025.2495301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bupleurum chinense</i> DC. a medicinal plant valued for saikosaponins (SSs) with antipyretic and hepatoprotective properties, faces constrained SS biosynthesis mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) during growth. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are hypothesized to participate in ABA signaling cascades, but their mechanistic role in SS regulation remains undefined. In this study, 20 differentially expressed <i>BcbHLH</i> genes were identified by transcriptomic profiling of ABA-induced hairy roots, with four MYC-family candidates (<i>BcbHLH1-BcbHLH4</i>) demonstrating ABA-responsive regulatory potential. ABA exposure (100 or 200 μmol/L, 24-72 h) induced dose-dependent SS reduction, while correlation analyses revealed coordinated expression between <i>BcbHLH1-BcHMGR</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.62) and <i>BcbHLH4-BcBAS</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.78), pinpointing these TFs as critical nodes in SS pathway modulation. Tissue-specific profiling showed predominant <i>BcbHLH</i> expression in stems and young leaves, with nuclear localization confirming their transcriptional regulatory organelles. BcbHLH3/4 exhibited transcriptional activation activity in the MYC_N domain, while molecular docking predicted 11th Arginine in the HLH domain as essential for G-box DNA binding. Collectively, our findings suggest that BcbHLH1-BcbHLH4 may serve as potential switches for fine-tuning ABA responsiveness in SS biosynthesis. Strategic manipulation of <i>BcbHLH</i> activity through genetic engineering approaches such as CRISPR-based editing or overexpression could alleviate ABA-mediated biosynthetic repression. Furthermore, precision engineering of the critical functional domain in BcbHLH could enhance promoter-binding activity to target genes and improve SS biosynthesis efficiency. These findings provide a reference framework for harnessing transcriptional regulators to optimize SS production in <i>Bupleurum chinense</i> DC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2495301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of oxysterol 4β-hydroxycholesterol and liver X receptor alleles in pre-eclampsia.","authors":"Lassi Kaartinen, Tiina Jääskeläinen, Eeva Sliz, Gamze Yazgeldi Gunaydin, Satu Wedenoja, Shintaro Katayama, Eero Kajantie, Valtteri Rinne, Seppo Heinonen, Juha Kere, Heta Merikallio, Eeva Sliz, Hannele Laivuori, Janne Hukkanen","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2495763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2495763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver X receptors (LXRs) are expressed in placenta and may be associated with pre-eclampsia (PE). Oxysterols act as agonists for LXRs. We recently proposed a new blood pressure-regulating circuit with oxysterol 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC) acting as a hypotensive factor <i>via</i> LXRs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study investigated the association between maternal plasma 4βHC, blood pressure (BP) indices, placental expression of LXR target genes, and patient characteristics using data from the Finnish Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) cohort. Plasma samples of 144 women with PE and 38 healthy pregnant controls as well as 44 PE and 40 control placental samples were available. In addition, genetic data from the FinnGen project was utilized to explore the associations of LXR alleles with PE and pregnancy hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant associations between 4βHC and BP or maternal and perinatal characteristics in FINNPEC cohort. However, plasma 4βHC was inversely correlated with the maternal body mass index. There were no associations with the genetic variants of LXRs with PE in FinnGen. LXR target genes APOD, SCARB1, TGM2, and LPCAT3 were expressed differently between PE and normal pregnancies in placental samples of FINNPEC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that plasma 4βHC and genetic LXR variants do not play a major role in PE and BP regulation during pregnancy. However, key LXR target genes involved in lipid metabolism were expressed differently in normal and PE pregnancies. Further research is needed to understand the complexities of oxysterols, LXRs, and their potential contributions to placental function and pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2495763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I thought it would be difficult, but this is actually something I can do - experiences with Virtual Reality-based cognitive training in persons with TBI.","authors":"Truls Johansen, Martin Matre, Sveinung Tornås, Marianne Løvstad, Jennie L Ponsford, Alexander Olsen, Anne Lund","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2490218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2490218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) has been suggested as a promising technology for delivering cognitive training to persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI), as it can provide situations resembling everyday activities. Studies have demonstrated that persons with TBI manage utilizing VR in clinical settings; however, no studies have investigated VR use in home settings. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with TBI experience utilizing VR for rehabilitation at home and how they experience VR as cognitive training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with ten persons with TBI, aged 18-65. Participants had experience using VR, as they were recruited from the intervention group in a randomized controlled trial investigating VR in cognitive training. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants highlighted the importance of creating new routines when fitting VR into everyday life. They addressed how being in a virtual world contributes to their motivation for cognitive training. Three themes were developed: 'Fitting VR-training into everyday life', 'Navigating through change' and 'Being in two worlds at the same time'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that participants experienced VR as motivating, engaging, and easy to use, regardless of prior experiences with VR. The participants demonstrated how they included VR in everyday life by creating new routines when they performed cognitive training. Therewere few reports of adverse events. However, some experienced that VR had a negative impact on their energy level. Participants described the importance of therapeutic involvement for individual tailoring of the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2490218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of an herbal gel for the prevention of radiation dermatitis-related symptoms: an open-label randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Simeng Ren, Jiayue Jin, Xiaoyue Wu, Baojin Han, Wenzheng Zhang, Feng Rong, Wei Hou, Qiuling Shi, Hongsheng Lin, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2489595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2489595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the study: </strong>Radiation-induced dermatitis (RID) is the most frequent side effect of radiotherapy; however, no effective treatments are currently available. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of an herbal gel for preventing RID and associated symptoms in patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cancer patients were randomly assigned 1:1 in an open-label randomized clinical trial. Patients in the prophylactic group received preventative herbal gel treatment (one day before radiotherapy). Patients in the interventional group received herbal gel treatment (upon the development of grade 2 RID). Outcome measures were scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Patient-reported skin symptoms (Skindex-16), quality of life (QLQ-C30), and adverse effects (CTCAE V4.0) were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 71 participants, the prophylactic group showed significant relief with a medium effect size for itching, hurting, and burning or stinging (<i>p</i> < .05, effect size >0.5) compared to the interventional group. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of RID was found (51% in the prophylactic group vs. 53% in the interventional group, <i>p</i> = .91). The prophylactic application of the gel did not affect patient quality of life. No adverse reactions associated with the gel were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preventative herbal gel treatment can alleviate the radiation dermatitis-related symptoms with good safety, which indicates that gel could be an option for integration in patient care to improve RT in patients with breast, lung, and head and neck cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2489595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling structural damage of the corpus callosum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through diffusion tensor imaging and spread direction perspectives.","authors":"Jieying Wu, Yingsheng Xu, Tielun Yin, Nan Zhang, Dongsheng Fan, Shan Ye","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2490822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2490822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Damage to the corpus callosum (CC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has been confirmed <i>via</i> electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and autopsy studies. Additionally, the CC is hypothesized to serve as a pathway for the spread of pathological information. This study aimed to investigate whether the CC plays a mediating role in the symptomatic spread of ALS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from 45 individuals with the upper motor neuron-dominant (UMN-D) phenotype of ALS. The UMN-D ALS patients were categorized into two groups based on the direction of symptom spread, including 25 patients with horizontal spread (group H) and 20 patients with vertical spread (group V). Diffusivity indices were derived through whole-brain analysis and probabilistic fiber tracking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the voxel-based analysis and tract-based spatial statistics, differences in axial diffusivity (AD) in the CC were observed between disease subgroups, with patients in group H showing higher AD values than those in group V. Fiber tracking analysis revealed persistent differences in the AD indices of CC-primary motor cortex (PMC) fibers between the two disease subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In UMN-D ALS patients, the direction of symptom spread may be related to the degree of CC involvement. The AD metric may be a more specific indicator of CC damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2490822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}