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{"title":"Metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap and euglycemic ketoacidosis in pregnant and postpartum women with severe Covid-19.","authors":"Isabel Cristina Melo Mendes, Ana Luiza Martins de Oliveira, Priscila Martins Pinheiro Trindade, Wallace Mendes da Silva, Clarisse Pimentel, Raissa de Moraes Perlingeiro, Cristiane Melo Guedes, Claudia Caminha Escosteguy, Rafael Mello Galliez","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2445189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2445189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Pregnant and postpartum women have a higher risk for developing severe Covid-19 and other clinical and obstetric complications. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap and describe a case series of euglycemic ketoacidosis (EKA) in pregnant and postpartum women with severe confirmed or suspected Covid-19.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Observational retrospective study carried in a reference intensive care unit from May 2020 to June 2022. Cases were confirmed with positive RT-PCR or rapid antigen test. Cases with compatible clinical and radiologic findings were also included. Ketoacidosis was defined as the presence of metabolic acidosis with high anion gap (bicarbonate < 15 mEq/L and AG > 10 mEq/L) and ketonuria (2+ or more in urine test). Statistical analyses were made with R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 101 admissions, 61 (60.4%) presented metabolic acidosis with high anion gap. The median age was 29 years, and most were in the third trimester. Evolution to invasive mechanical ventilation (54.0%) and obstetric complications (78.0%) were frequent. The prevalence of metabolic acidosis with high anion gap and absence of hyperlactatemia was of 43.6% (44/101). Six (5.94%) women met the criteria for EKA. Despite severity, there were no deaths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of metabolic acidosis and EKA in pregnant and postpartum women with severe Covid-19 was high. This condition should be routinely, so it can be promptly treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2445189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): a retrospective real-world study (NCT 04984096).","authors":"Xueru Zhu, Xiumei Ma, Hongxuan Li, Ming Zhang, Yan Cheng, Jianguo Wu, Wen Yu, Wen Feng, Lei Zhao, Zhigang Li, Xiaolong Fu, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2443811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2443811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have shown that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors is effective for solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of these studies were focused on immunotherapy-naive patients. This retrospective real-world study offers insights into the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib with ICIs in locally advanced/metastatic ESCC patients who progressed on prior ICI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in locally advanced/metastatic ESCC patients who had progressed on PD-1 inhibitor. Efficacy was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). The primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), while secondary endpoints were safety, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Baseline characteristics and adverse events (AEs) were documented throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between July 2020 and March 2022, 29 eligible patients were included in the final analysis, with 23 (79.3%) having previously undergone resection for ESCC. Of these 29 patients, 8 (27.6%) received first-line systemic therapy, 20 (69.0%) received second-line therapy, and 1 patient (3%) received third-line therapy. At the data cutoff, the ORR was 31.0%, and the DCR was 86.2%, with 9 patients achieving partial response (PR), 16 patients with stable disease (SD) and 4 patients with disease progression (PD). The median PFS was 5.33 months (95% CI: 4.28-6.38), and the median OS was 10.37 months (95% CI: 6.26-14.46). All patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), with anemia and lymphopenia being the most common. Only 2 patients (6.9%) experiencing grade 3-4 lymphopenia. All AEs were managed with symptomatic treatment and no treatment-related deaths occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of anlotinib and a PD-1 inhibitor demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy and manageable toxicity in patients with locally advanced/metastatic ESCC who progressed on prior ICI. This regimen represents a feasible and well-tolerated treatment option for this patient population.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04984096.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2443811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric Per-Oral Endoscopy Myotomy (G-POEM): Tips, Tricks, and Pitfalls.","authors":"Grace E Kim, Mahnoor Khan, Sunil Amin, Amrita Sethi","doi":"10.1007/s11894-024-00952-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11894-024-00952-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The number of hospitalizations for gastroparesis has risen over 300% in recent decades with increased physical, psychological, and healthcare burdens. Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is a promising therapy for patients with refractory gastroparesis. This article reviews important considerations for G-POEM.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Predictive factors for clinical success after G-POEM include diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis, shorter gastroparesis duration, symptoms predominant of nausea and emesis, and gastric emptying study showing gastric retention of > 20% at 4 h. Mucosal closure is a critical step for G-POEM; both sutures and clips have high success rates, with clips having a trend to lower success rates but with significantly shorter procedure time and cheaper cost. G-POEMs have an overall 61% pooled success rate at one year with a yearly 13% symptom recurrence rate. A careful patient selection can yield higher clinical success rates. Further studies are needed on variant G-POEM techniques for more durable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, outcomes and the necessity of continued guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction.","authors":"Qin-Fen Chen, Yindan Lu, Christos S Katsouras, Yangdi Peng, Junfang Sun, Mingming Li, Chenyang Liu, Hongxia Yao, Liyou Lian, Xiaofang Feng, Wei-Hong Lin, Xiao-Dong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2442535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2442535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Much remains to be learned about patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sheds light on the characteristics and clinical outcomes of HFimpEF patients, including the consequences of halting guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who underwent a second echocardiogram at least 6 months apart between January 2009 and February 2023. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The second outcome was recurrent HFrEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,560 HFrEF patients were included, 3,289 (72.1%) achieved HFimpEF within a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (IQR: 1.8 - 5.9 years). Among these HFimpEF patients, recurrent HFrEF was observed in 941 (28.6%) patients during a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (IQR: 0.8-4.6 years). The proportion of patients who halted GDMT was 70.4%, 53.2%, 59.8% and 63.8% for MRA, beta-blockers, ACEI/ARB/ARNI and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, larger left ventricular diastolic dimension and non-use GDMT are associated with recurrent HFrEF. Individuals without GDMT use exhibited lower chances of persistently recovering ejection fraction and high risks of MACEs compared to those who continue use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFimpEF is a common condition across all clinical follow-ups. Prevalent discontinuation of GDMT medications may contribute significantly to recurrent HFrEF, placing patients at a higher risk for poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2442535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural or functional abnormality of sphincter of Oddi: an important factor for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after endoscopic treatment.","authors":"Ye Yang, Zeying Zhao, Shuodong Wu, Dianbo Yao","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2440119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high recurrence rate is undesirable after treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. A major risk factor identified for recurrence is that invasive techniques, including surgical or endoscopic treatments, will impair the biliary tract system either by direct incision of the CBD or by cutting or dilating the ampulla of Vater. During endoscopic treatment, two main assisted methods for lithotomy, sphincterotomy and papillary balloon dilation, can result in different degrees of damage to the structure and function of the sphincter of Oddi (SO), contributing to slowing of biliary excretion, cholestasis, biliary bacterial infection, and promotion of bile duct stone recurrence. In this review, the relationship between endoscopic lithotomy and structural impairment or functional abnormality of the SO will be summarized, and their relationship with the recurrence of CBD stones will also be analyzed. Further improvement of these endoscopic methods or exploration of some novel methods, such as endoscopic endoclip papilloplasty, temporary insertion of a self-expandable metal stent, and combined application of peroral cholangioscopy, may aid in providing more appropriate treatment for patients with choledocholithiasis, repair or protect the function and structure of SO, reduce or prevent the recurrence of bile duct stones, and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L3-SMI as a predictor of overall survival in oesophageal cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy.","authors":"Huiya Ying, Yuhao Chen, Yiwen Hong, Kanglei Ying, Shiyu Li, Yuxuan Zhang, Tianhao Mei, Xian Song, Yuanhang He, Chenrui Yao, Fujun Yu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2440114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1), as an immunotherapy target, has been increasingly used in tumour therapies. But as reactions and outcomes to PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy vary individually, it is primarily important to identify an ideal indicator for predicting the therapeutic effectiveness in individual patients. Oesophageal cancer (EC) patients often have difficulty eating due to tumour blockage of the oesophagus, leading to malnutrition and muscle loss. Sarcopenia is one of the influencing factors for poor prognosis in tumour patients, but its role in PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy of EC patients is not fully clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic significance of Sarcopenia measured by CT in EC patients treated with PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The third lumbar skeletal muscle mass index (L3-SMI) was obtained from 83 EC patients before and 3 months after administration of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy using conventional CT scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline L3-SMI and 3-month L3-SMI values were found not suitable for predicting the overall survival (OS) of EC patients (<i>p</i> = 0.32 & <i>p</i> = 0.055). Longitudinal change in L3-SMI (ΔL3-SMI) during PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy was identified as a relevant marker of OS in univariable analysis (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.042) and multivariable analysis (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, <i>p</i> = 0.02). L3-SMI-positive patients generally had better OS (<i>p</i> = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Excessive muscle loss rather than muscle loss before and after administration of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor for therapeutic outcomes and OS in EC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2440114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esophageal ESD Training; Perspective of West vs. East.","authors":"Abdulrahman Qatomah, Hiroyuki Aihara","doi":"10.1007/s11894-024-00951-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11894-024-00951-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and carries a poor prognosis. While esophagectomy poses considerable mortality and morbidity risks, endoscopic resection can provide a safer and less invasive alternative. RECENT FINDINGS: Endoscopic resection therapy has allowed a less invasive approach with comparable outcomes to esophagectomy. EMR is considered safe and requires less intensive training, yet it does not offer complete histopathological assessment due to the nature of piecemeal resection for larger lesions. Alternatively, ESD offers an R0 resection, therefore allowing precise histopathological evaluation. Training in ESD is essential; however, a uniform training model has not been agreed upon. The Japanese apprenticeship training model has proven effective, with promising training outcomes from the Eastern experience. In the West, a comprehensive training model through a combination of apprenticeship with progressive exposure, including ex-vivo and live animal hands-on training, could be the optimal approach. Different methods of ESD training are currently available, all of which aim to provide the experience needed to perform safe ESD. Despite the differences in training styles between the East and the West, a modified apprenticeship model could potentially result in more effective and better training outcomes. The currently available technologies provide the environment to enhance ESD training.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnostic signatures for intervertebral disc degeneration using TNFAIP6 and COL6A2 based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses.","authors":"Hong-Mei Song, Zuo-Wei Li, Qin Huang, Chun-Gen Wu, Ming-Hua Li, Jun-Kang Shen","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2443568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2443568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative condition associated with a high incidence rate of low back pain and disability. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with IVDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biomarkers were discerned through bulk-RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) investigations of IVDD cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Following this, two central genes were identified. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were conducted. The transcriptional factor (TF) derived from nucleus pulposus (NP) cells was examined through the DoRothEA R package. RT-qPCR and IHC techniques were employed to confirm the expression of the two hub genes and their associated genes in tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proteins Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6) and collagen VI-α2 (COL6A2) were frequently analyzed using a combination of DEGs from datasets GSE70362, GSE124272, and scRNA-seq. Examination of gene expression across multiple datasets indicated significant differences in TNFAIP6 and COL6A2 levels in IVDD compared to control or normal groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These two central genes demonstrated strong diagnostic utility in the training cohort and reliable predictive value in the validation datasets. Our study verified the potential role of ZEB2 as a TF in regulating two key genes associated with IVDD. Furthermore, qPCR and IHC confirmed elevated expression levels of the hub genes and transcription factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified biomarkers, specifically TNFAIP6 and COL6A2, that have the potential to predict disease activity and aid in the diagnosis of IVDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2443568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current Landscape of Endoscopic Submucosal Training in the United States.","authors":"Mike T Wei, Shai Friedland, Joo Ha Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s11894-024-00950-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-024-00950-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been found to increase en bloc and R0 resection as well as decrease risk of recurrence. However, despite literature supporting the benefits of endoscopic submucosal dissection, adoption of ESD in the United States has been challenging, driven by factors including requirement for specialized training as well as limitations in training availability.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Many devices have been developed to improve ease and therefore adoption for the procedure, with advancements in stability, resection as well as closure of the mucosal defect following resection. While the Japanese model of training in ESD centers around the Master-Apprentice model, this is scarce in the United States. Most US endoscopists therefore must follow other paths to learn and become proficient at ESD. There has been a rapid expansion in literature on ESD, fellowship programs, opportunities for case observation, and significant evolution in ex vivo training models that can assist an endoscopist in receiving training in ESD. Currently, there are three main ways of learning to perform ESD in the United States: 1. Third space endoscopy fellowship; 2. Master-apprentice model; 3. Utilization of live courses and proctored procedures. ESD is the optimal method to ensure en bloc resection of large mucosal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. While several barriers hinder adoption of ESD in the United States, there has been significant development both in procedural and training aspects. Further research and discussions are needed to determine criteria for credentialing and proficiency in ESD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of salivary proteomic biomarkers for early detection of oral cancer in the Egyptian population.","authors":"Dalia Ghalwash, Ahmed Ammar, Asmaa Abou-Bakr, Al-Hassan Diab, Ayman El-Gawish","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2024.2432222","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2024.2432222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of important proteomic salivary biomarkers; IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 in the early detection of oral cancer, and any possible associations with risk factors of oral cancer in an Egyptian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present investigation was conducted on 100 individuals; 25 healthy controls, 25 patients having oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with dysplasia; 25 patients having OPMDs without dysplasia, and 25 oral cancer patients. Demographic data modified gingival index, oral hygiene level, and salivary levels of the biomarkers were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salivary levels of IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 progressively increased with increased disease severity. Salivary IL-8 and IL-6 levels possess a discriminating potential from normal tissue through different degrees of dysplasia to oral cancer, sCD44 levels had a discriminating power between normal and dysplastic tissues with high sensitivity and specificity. A positive correlation was found between the three biomarkers and the grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and with different risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study that evaluated multiple salivary proteomic biomarkers in the Egyptian population, and the results validate the ability of IL-6, IL-8, and sCD44 to be used as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for screening and early detection of oral cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2432222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}