其他最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study.","authors":"Lihua Huang, Min Xiao, Xiaoling Huang, Jun Wu, Jiao Luo, Fuxing Li, Wei Gu","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2453081","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2453081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This research aimed to analyze the impact of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with acute pancreatitis (AP) on the severity and prognosis of patients, screen the risk factors of HFRS with AP, and establish a nomogram model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from HFRS patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University and Dali Prefecture People's Hospital (2013-2023). Patients were divided into HFRS with AP (<i>n</i> = 34) and HFRS without AP groups (<i>n</i> = 356). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and logistic regression analyzed the impact of AP on HFRS severity and short-term prognosis. LASSO-Logistic regression was used to screen risk factors and develop a nomogram model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, HFRS patients with AP had higher rates of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and/or mechanical ventilation use, , ICU admission, and 30-day mortalitycompared with those without AP (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that smoking (OR: 3.702), ferritin (OR: 1.002), white blood cell (OR), fibrinogen (OR: 0.463), and platelet (OR: 0.987) were risk factors for HFRS with AP (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on these factors, to predict the risk of HFRS with AP, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.95). Additionally, the model calibration curve fit well according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (χ²=8.51, <i>p</i> = 0.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with HFRS with AP exhibit higher disease severity and poorer prognosis. Smoking, elevated ferritin and white blood cell levels, decreased fibrinogen and platelet levels are more susceptible to developing AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2453081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut in Critical Illness.","authors":"Jayshil J Patel, Mark Barash","doi":"10.1007/s11894-024-00954-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11894-024-00954-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the mechanisms for gut dysfunction during critical illness, outline hypotheses of gut-derived inflammation, and identify nutrition and non-nutritional therapies that have direct and indirect effects on preserving both epithelial barrier function and gut microbiota during critical illness.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated that critical illness pathophysiology and interventions breach epithelial barrier function and convert a normally commensal gut microbiome into a pathobiome. As a result, the gut has been postulated to be the \"motor\" of critical illness and numerous hypotheses have been put forward to explain how it contributes to systemic inflammation and drives multiple organ failure. Strategies to ameliorate gut dysfunction have focused on maintaining gut barrier function and promoting gut microbiota commensalism. The trajectory of critical illness may be closely related to gut epithelial barrier function, the gut microbiome and interventions that may contribute towards a deleterious pathobiome with immune dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune infiltration landscape and potential drug-targeted implications for hepatocellular carcinoma with 'progression/hyper-progression' recurrence.","authors":"Jing-Xuan Xu, Yue-Xiang Su, Yuan-Yuan Chen, Yi-Yue Huang, Zu-Shun Chen, Yu-Chong Peng, Lu-Nan Qi","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2456113","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2456113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence was previously characterized into four types, and patients with progression/hyper-progression recurrence (type III-IV) have an extremely poor prognosis. However, the immune background of resectable HCC, particularly in patients who experience recurrence, remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the immune landscape of resectable HCC, especially postoperative type III-IV recurrent HCC, and explore potential immune-targeted anti-relapse strategies for treated populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The differences in gene expression in patients with recurrent HCC (type I-II (solitary or multi-intrahepatic oligo recurrence) vs. type III-IV) were investigated using bulk sequencing. Multiple immune infiltration methods (single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter and ESTIMATE) were used, and patients were divided into four groups to identify four distinct immune subtypes: immune-enrichment/matrix-poor (IE1), immune-enrichment/matrix-rich (IE2), immune intermediate/matrix-rich (ITM) and immune desert/matrix-poor (ID). Co-expression and protein interaction analyses were used to identify characteristic genes in ITM closely associated with type III-IV recurrence, which was matched with drug targets for Huaier granules (HG) and lenvatinib. Virtual docking was used to identify potential therapeutic targets, and the results were verified using single-nuclei RNA sequencing and histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ITM was closely related to type III-IV recurrence and exhibited immunotherapy potential. The potential efficacy of inhibiting CCNA2, VEGFA, CXCL8, PLK2, TIMP1, ITGB2, ALDOA, ANXA5 and CSK in ITM reversal was determined. Molecular docking demonstrated that the proteins of these genes could bind to HG or lenvatinib. The immunohistochemical findings demonstrated differential VEGFA (<i>p</i> < .01) and PLK2 (<i>p</i> < .001) expression in ITM type and ID in type III-IV recurrent HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three primary immunotypes of resectable HCC (IE2, ITM and ID) were identified, and HG and lenvatinib could potentially overcome immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance in ITM patients with HCC, particularly those classified as type III-IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2456113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study.","authors":"Jung Hee Kim, Sung-Eun Kim, Do Seon Song, Hee Yeon Kim, Eileen L Yoon, Ji Won Park, Tae Hyung Kim, Young-Kul Jung, Ki Tae Suk, Hyung Joon Yim, Jung Hyun Kwon, Sung Won Lee, Seong Hee Kang, Moon Young Kim, Soung Won Jeong, Jae-Young Jang, Jeong Ju Yoo, Sang Gyune Kim, Young-Joo Jin, Gab Jin Cheon, Byung Seok Kim, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyoungsu Kim, Dong Hyun Sinn, Woo Jin Chung, Hwi Young Kim, Han Ah Lee, Seung Woo Nam, In Hee Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Hee Bok Chae, Joo Hyun Sohn, Ju Yeon Cho, Yoon Jun Kim, Jin Mo Yang, Jung Gil Park, Won Kim, Hyun Chin Cho, Dong Joon Kim","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2428431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2428431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort consisted of 1,501 patients who were hospitalized with AD of CLD from July 2015 to August 2018. In this study, we assess the clinical attributes and prognostic implications of AD with CLD/LC stratified by the aetiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,501 patients, the mean age was 54.7 years old and 1,118 patients (74.5%) were men. The common events of AD were GI bleeding (35.3%) and jaundice (35.0%). There was a median follow-up of 8.0 months (1.0-16.0 months). The most common aetiology of CLD was alcohol (<i>n</i> = 1021), followed by viral hepatitis (<i>n</i> = 206), viral hepatitis with alcohol-related (<i>n</i> = 129), cryptogenic (<i>n</i> = 108) and autoimmune (<i>n</i> = 37). Viral hepatitis with alcohol-related CLD showed a poor liver function profile and a high frequency of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) [22.1% vs. 19.6% (alcohol CLD), 8.1% (viral CLD), 5.6% (autoimmune related CLD and 16.0% (cryptogenic CLD)] with worse adverse outcomes (mortality or liver transplantation) than other aetiologies. The difference in aetiology was a significant factor for 28-day adverse outcomes in multivariate analysis even in a high MELD score (≥15), which indicated poor baseline liver function and prognosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The aetiology of CLD constitutes a pivotal determinant influencing both short- and long-term adverse outcomes of AD in CLD, even among individuals presenting with elevated MELD scores. Notably, patients afflicted with viral hepatitis should exercise caution even in the consumption of modest quantities of alcohol that induced the exacerbations in the adverse outcomes associated with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2428431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Huibin Yang, Ting An, Yuxuan Zhao, Xiaojing Shi, Bangmao Wang, Qingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2025.2455536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2455536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKinibs) are effective for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but their cardiovascular safety is inconclusive. We aim to assess the cardiovascular risks associated with JAKinibs in IBD patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Systematic searches of seven databases and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to February 2024 were conducted. Outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), venous thromboembolism events (VTE) and cardiovascular events (CVE), which were separately evaluated based on whether or not the dose was considered. P-score was applied to rank interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 trials involving 10,537 IBD patients were included, and results showed no significantly increased risk of MACE, VTE and CVE was associated with JAKinibs. However, when the dose was considered, Tofacitinib 5 mg BID (versus placebo) showed a trend towards an increased risk of MACE [odds ratio (OR)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-4.82], as well as Upadacitinib 30 mg QD (versus placebo) showed a trend towards increased risks of VTE (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 0.23-8.03) and CVE (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.24-4.85), and ranked higher than placebo for the risk of VTE [P-score=0.766 (versus 0.722)]. Notably, Deucravacitinib ranked lowest for all cardiovascular risks, and significantly decreased the risks of VTE (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.00-0.87) and CVE (OR=0.03, 95% CI: 0.00-0.87) compared with placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a trend of increased cardiovascular risks was found considering dose, no significantly increased cardiovascular risk was associated with JAKinibs in IBD patients, and Deucravacitinib significantly decreased the risks of VTE and CVE.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2455536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rectal Prolapse in the Pediatric Population.","authors":"James K Moon, John D Stratigis, Aaron M Lipskar","doi":"10.1007/s11894-024-00953-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11894-024-00953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Rectal prolapse in the pediatric population presents a clinical challenge with wide variability in etiology, presentation, work-up and management. In this article, we reviewed the evidence supporting various medical and surgical treatment options as well as the recent trends amongst pediatric surgeons.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Medical therapy is highly effective in most patients, with bowel management programs being particularly successful. Nonetheless, medically refractory disease, often seen in older children and in children with behavioral/psychiatric disorders, can be challenging. Sclerotherapy with ethanol or 5% phenol can be effective local treatments. 15% hypertonic saline, 50% dextrose, and Deflux are additional safe alternatives. Perianal procedures and perineal procedures are less invasive surgical options, but transabdominal rectopexy appears to be the favored treatment for disease refractory to local treatment. Transabdominal rectopexy with sigmoidectomy, the recommended operation in the adult population for patients with prolapse and constipation, appears only to be preferred in the pediatric population for postoperative recurrences.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While outcomes of medical treatment for pediatric rectal prolapse are excellent, sclerotherapy and transabdominal rectopexy are effective options for refractory disease preferred by most pediatric surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":10776,"journal":{"name":"Current Gastroenterology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral roflumilast for psoriasis: a real-world 24-week prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ana Maria Lé, Orhan Yilmaz, Martim Luz, Tiago Torres","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2464107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2464107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant physical and psychological burden, often associated with comorbidities such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Current treatments include conventional systemic therapies and targeted biologic and non-biologic therapies, with several limitations related to safety, efficacy, and cost. Roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, shows potential as an oral therapy for psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory effects and favorable safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of oral roflumilast in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective cohort study at a single center in Portugal including adults with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with oral roflumilast 500 mcg once daily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among fifty-eight patients (baseline median PASI 13.7 ± 5.5), 63.0% achieved PASI < 5, 47.8% PASI < 3, and 21.7% PASI < 1 by week 24 (mNRI). Weight loss occurred in 53.4%, with a mean reduction of 6 kg ± 4.3. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms were common but rarely caused discontinuation. No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Roflumilast demonstrated real-world effectiveness and a favorable safety profile in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Additional benefits, including weight loss and no need for laboratory monitoring, make it a promising treatment option, particularly for patients with comorbidities or limited access to biologic therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2464107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the therapeutic horizons of spesolimab: a review of off-label applications for inflammatory skin diseases.","authors":"Hanlin Zhang, Jia Zhou, Keyun Tang, Xinyi Zhang, Hongzhong Jin","doi":"10.1080/09546634.2025.2460582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2025.2460582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review aims to outline the crucial role of IL-36 signaling in inflammatory skin diseases and summarize the therapeutic potential of spesolimab. Our goal is to provide insights into the off-label applications of spesolimab and future directions for its use in treating other challenging skin diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies. For RCTs, we additionally searched the ClinicalTrials.gov database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this review, we examine its off-label applications for conditions such as palmoplantar pustulosis, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. This review also explores the role of IL-36 in the pathophysiology of these disorders and discusses how spesolimab may address the limitations of current therapies for refractory cases. Randomized controlled trials and case reports are summarized to highlight the efficacy and tolerability of spesolimab across various inflammatory skin conditions. We highlight the challenges presented by the absence of standardized treatment guidelines and the need for larger clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review underscores the potential of spesolimab to enhance treatment strategies for inflammatory skin diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94235,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of dermatological treatment","volume":"36 1","pages":"2460582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Previous immunological disease can promote neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as VST or GBS.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2463849","DOIUrl":"10.1080/20565623.2025.2463849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12568,"journal":{"name":"Future Science OA","volume":"11 1","pages":"2463849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 of vaccinated healthcare workers in Taiwan.","authors":"Seto Priyambodo, Kuang-Che Kuo, Ken-Pen Weng, Shih-Feng Liu, Guan-Da Syu, Ho-Chang Kuo","doi":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2442533","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07853890.2024.2442533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination is one of the best ways to control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. In Taiwan, healthcare workers were prioritized for vaccination, but the effectiveness of these vaccines for them remains unclear. Thus, it's essential to examine their neutralizing antibodies after prime-boost vaccinations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 514 healthcare workers from Chang Gung Memorial hospitals in Taiwan were included between 19 March 2021 and 21 August 2021. The two doses of COVID-19 vaccines were either a match or a mixing of AZD1222 and mRNA-1273, e.g. AZD1222 + AZD1222 (<i>n</i> = 406), mRNA-1273 + mRNA-1273 (<i>n</i> = 62), and AZD1222 + mRNA-1273 (<i>n</i> = 46). Blood specimens were drawn after two doses of vaccines, defined as post-vaccine days [median 34.00 days and interquartile range (IQR) 29.00-42.00 days], and examined for the neutralizing antibodies <i>via</i> SARS-CoV-2 neutralization kits. The results were analyzed as a percentage of inhibition based on the negative control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 2 vaccination doses, subjects with AZD1222 + mRNA-1273 (median 97.15%, IQR 96.06-98.06%) and mRNA-1273 + mRNA-1273 (median 97.47%, IQR 96.75-97.89%) exhibited higher neutralizing antibodies than those receiving AZD1222 + AZD1222 vaccines (median 71.28%, IQR 49.39-89.70%) (the percentage was referred to inhibition of surrogate virus). The post-vaccination days negatively impacted the neutralizing antibodies, except for the mRNA-1273 + mRNA-1273 group. The presence of fever, headache, and myalgia after the second dosage was reflected in the higher neutralizing antibodies (median of no fever 76.00% <i>vs.</i> fever 97.00%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; median of no headache 76.00% <i>vs.</i> headache 95.00%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; median of no myalgia 75.50% <i>vs.</i> myalgia 96.00%, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The subjects with underlying diseases, including hypertension and cancer showed lower neutralizing antibodies (median of no hypertension 81.00% <i>vs.</i> hypertension 56.00%, <i>p</i> = 0.0029; median of no cancer 81.00% <i>vs.</i> cancer 56.00%, <i>p</i> = 0.0143).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heterologous prime-boost vaccines (AZD1222 + mRNA-1273) and two doses of mRNA vaccines are recommended. For future directions, we need to investigate the effectiveness of the vaccination against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2442533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11703416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}