{"title":"富氢水减轻运动性疲劳的机制:激活免疫应答基因1-衣康酸/核因子2-相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1通路。","authors":"Yinyin Zhang, Yajing Ying, Xianpeng Zu, Lingling Ding, Xuan Shi, Jing Wang, Xiangtong Li, Chujian Li, Qicheng Zhou, Hui Shen, Hongxia Li, Hongtao Lu, Jin Cheng","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00148","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JOURNAL/mgres/04.03/01612956-202603000-00005/figure1/v/2025-06-28T140100Z/r/image-tiff Exercise-induced fatigue limits athletic performance. Molecular hydrogen is an effective treatment for relieving fatigue, but the exact mechanism is not clear. In our study, a mouse model of fatigue was established to explore the molecular mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water reduces exercise-induced fatigue. The results showed that hydrogen-rich water improved the motor function of fatigue mice, reduced the levels of fatigue-related biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, lactate, and creatine kinase), and alleviated gastrocnemius muscle injury. Furthermore, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that hydrogen-rich water upregulated the expression of immune response gene 1 (IRG1), increased the abnormally reduced levels of itaconic acid due to fatigue, and subsequently activated the downstream nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. Finally, C2C12 cells exposed to an IRG1 inhibitor (IRG1-IN) or 4-octyl itaconic acid (4-OI) were treated with hydrogen-rich water, indicating that hydrogen-rich water effectively upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells. In summary, hydrogen-rich water alleviates exercise-induced fatigue by activating the IRG1-itaconic acid/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.\",\"authors\":\"Yinyin Zhang, Yajing Ying, Xianpeng Zu, Lingling Ding, Xuan Shi, Jing Wang, Xiangtong Li, Chujian Li, Qicheng Zhou, Hui Shen, Hongxia Li, Hongtao Lu, Jin Cheng\",\"doi\":\"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00148\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>JOURNAL/mgres/04.03/01612956-202603000-00005/figure1/v/2025-06-28T140100Z/r/image-tiff Exercise-induced fatigue limits athletic performance. Molecular hydrogen is an effective treatment for relieving fatigue, but the exact mechanism is not clear. In our study, a mouse model of fatigue was established to explore the molecular mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water reduces exercise-induced fatigue. The results showed that hydrogen-rich water improved the motor function of fatigue mice, reduced the levels of fatigue-related biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, lactate, and creatine kinase), and alleviated gastrocnemius muscle injury. Furthermore, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that hydrogen-rich water upregulated the expression of immune response gene 1 (IRG1), increased the abnormally reduced levels of itaconic acid due to fatigue, and subsequently activated the downstream nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. Finally, C2C12 cells exposed to an IRG1 inhibitor (IRG1-IN) or 4-octyl itaconic acid (4-OI) were treated with hydrogen-rich water, indicating that hydrogen-rich water effectively upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells. In summary, hydrogen-rich water alleviates exercise-induced fatigue by activating the IRG1-itaconic acid/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18559,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Medical Gas Research\",\"volume\":\"16 1\",\"pages\":\"26-32\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2026-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Medical Gas Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00148\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/28 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medical Gas Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00148","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water mitigates exercise-induced fatigue: activation of the immunoresponsive gene 1-itaconate/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.
JOURNAL/mgres/04.03/01612956-202603000-00005/figure1/v/2025-06-28T140100Z/r/image-tiff Exercise-induced fatigue limits athletic performance. Molecular hydrogen is an effective treatment for relieving fatigue, but the exact mechanism is not clear. In our study, a mouse model of fatigue was established to explore the molecular mechanism by which hydrogen-rich water reduces exercise-induced fatigue. The results showed that hydrogen-rich water improved the motor function of fatigue mice, reduced the levels of fatigue-related biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, lactate, and creatine kinase), and alleviated gastrocnemius muscle injury. Furthermore, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that hydrogen-rich water upregulated the expression of immune response gene 1 (IRG1), increased the abnormally reduced levels of itaconic acid due to fatigue, and subsequently activated the downstream nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. Finally, C2C12 cells exposed to an IRG1 inhibitor (IRG1-IN) or 4-octyl itaconic acid (4-OI) were treated with hydrogen-rich water, indicating that hydrogen-rich water effectively upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cells. In summary, hydrogen-rich water alleviates exercise-induced fatigue by activating the IRG1-itaconic acid/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress.
期刊介绍:
Medical Gas Research is an open access journal which publishes basic, translational, and clinical research focusing on the neurobiology as well as multidisciplinary aspects of medical gas research and their applications to related disorders. The journal covers all areas of medical gas research, but also has several special sections. Authors can submit directly to these sections, whose peer-review process is overseen by our distinguished Section Editors: Inert gases - Edited by Xuejun Sun and Mark Coburn, Gasotransmitters - Edited by Atsunori Nakao and John Calvert, Oxygen and diving medicine - Edited by Daniel Rossignol and Ke Jian Liu, Anesthetic gases - Edited by Richard Applegate and Zhongcong Xie, Medical gas in other fields of biology - Edited by John Zhang. Medical gas is a large family including oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, xenon, hydrogen sulfide, nitrous oxide, carbon disulfide, argon, helium and other noble gases. These medical gases are used in multiple fields of clinical practice and basic science research including anesthesiology, hyperbaric oxygen medicine, diving medicine, internal medicine, emergency medicine, surgery, and many basic sciences disciplines such as physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, microbiology and neurosciences. Due to the unique nature of medical gas practice, Medical Gas Research will serve as an information platform for educational and technological advances in the field of medical gas.