法学最新文献

{"title":"Limits to helping in a helping profession: the social context of psychiatrist opt-out from public insurance","authors":"Daniel Tadmon","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf107","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, most mental health services are provided by independent helping professionals, individually deciding where to operate, whom to treat, and in which insurance networks to participate. In making such decisions, these market actors often navigate conflicts between financial, professional, and prosocial considerations. This article investigates the phenomenon of psychiatrist opt-out from Medicaid and Medicare, aiming to elucidate how social contexts influence such decisions. Assembling a census of all licensed Georgia psychiatrists and, assisted by a telephone audit, leveraging granular data about the environments in which clinicians operate, findings show that limits to helping in the form of opt-out from public insurance systematically correspond to the social ecologies in which psychiatrists are embedded—with their prospective clientele and local peers. Evidence of alignment between insurance participation and population needs, when financially justified, and of spatially dependent monopolistic and competition-curbing behavior point at the power of these ecologies in shaping the balance actors negotiate between local economic and normative pressures. Theoretically, findings support the argument that meso-level conditions mediate countervailing social forces and their translation to action—here, spatially configuring how markets and morals interact. In the context of the mental health crisis, where demand for care far exceeds supply, understanding how spatial conditions ultimately shape the pressures that helping professionals face and their opt-out decisions is crucial. In aggregate, these individually decided yet ecologically conditioned limits to helping impact the availability of mental health services to some of society’s most disadvantaged populations, thus shaping the contours of the crisis.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National mission or a ‘civilizing mission’? Birthrates, perceptions, and East–West relations in Mandatory Palestine","authors":"Lilach Rosenberg-Friedman","doi":"10.1080/00263206.2025.2536164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2025.2536164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47118,"journal":{"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can integrating life cycle assessment with optimization modeling identify strategies for produced water reuse in offshore oilfield explorations and production? Model development and testing","authors":"Houda Majid Al Zarkani ,&nbsp;Mutasem El-Fadel","doi":"10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Produced water (PW) created at a rate of nearly four folds the raw oil extracted, constitutes the largest volume of wastewater generated in oil exploration and extraction processes, requiring sustainable management practices to mitigate associated environmental and economic impacts. This study develops an integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-optimization model that incorporates both economic and environmental aspects, including environmental externalities and reuse credits, to evaluate and compare disposal and reuse strategies for sustainable produced water (PW) management in offshore oilfield operations. The analysis demonstrates that existing common practices of conventional treatment, combined with offshore deep-well injection, exhibit the highest environmental footprint and economic burden. Advanced treatment, coupled with internal or external reuse strategies, emerged as the most competitive option only when environmental externalities and credits were considered. The study validates the proposed LCA-optimization modeling approach for identifying effective reuse strategies and corresponding benefits that enhance PW management in offshore oilfields. It equally highlights the significance of aligning economic incentives with environmental credits to develop sustainable strategies while mitigating associated environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":309,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 108097"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable land management: A regional perspective for a comprehensive Land Degradation Assessment","authors":"Aarabhi Nambiar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Firoz C ,&nbsp;Sruthi Krishnan V","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable land management (SLM) is crucial for mitigating land degradation (LD), restoring degraded areas, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of both present and future generations. LD adversely affects agriculture, water resources, and vegetation, thus compromising regional sustainability. Despite the availability of several planning tools, there is a lack of an integrated, multi-level assessment that incorporates both top-down and bottom-up approaches with inclusive, data-driven decision-making. Moreover, the potential of geospatial databases at the community level remains largely unexplored. This study proposes a methodological framework for evaluating LD, identifying areas most susceptible, and supporting evidence-based land use planning. A three-tier assessment at the macro, meso, and micro levels is introduced, and the macro-level assessment is attempted in the district of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. The comprehensive degradation assessment adopted a weighted overlay technique based on principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the 26 critical variables identified through a systematic literature review. Cluster and hotspot analyses were performed to determine the drivers of degradation and areas requiring immediate intervention. Findings reveal that approximately 65 % of the total area falls within the ‘Medium to Very High degradation’ category when classified by varying intensity, ranging from ‘Very low’ to ‘Very high’. Moreover, 36.3 % of the degraded land is identified as hotspots, many of which intersect with environmentally sensitive zones. Cluster analysis divided the region into five distinct zones, which showed the spatial variation in drivers of degradation, highlighting the need for further study to develop context-specific strategies for SLM. The proposed methodological framework can be adapted to similar contexts, and the generated baseline data can be used for future development plans, considering the socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The research provides a foundation for future LD assessments in various contexts to develop targeted land management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17933,"journal":{"name":"Land Use Policy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Election Timing across Autocracy and Democracy (ETAD): A new dataset of national election dates","authors":"Masaaki Higashijima ,&nbsp;Naoki Shimizu ,&nbsp;Hidekuni Washida ,&nbsp;Yuki Yanai","doi":"10.1016/j.electstud.2025.102964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electstud.2025.102964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce the Election Timing across Autocracy and Democracy (ETAD) dataset, which provides comprehensive data on the timing of the national elections in autocracies and democracies between 1945 and 2023. ETAD covers 3,127 legislative and presidential elections in 148 countries. Various research agendas have targeted election timing, but no global dataset measuring precise timing has been available. ETAD provides scholars with detailed information on election timing, including which date an election was held, how many days an election was accelerated or delayed from the initially scheduled date, and why the election timing was changed. ETAD has three distinct features. First, it covers legislative and presidential elections in both autocracies and democracies. Second, it records dates, which allows researchers to operationalize early or delayed elections following their specific purposes. Third, it identifies the major reasons for timing changes, helping us better understand governments’ strategies of changing election timing. ETAD improves our understanding of electoral behavior, institutional constraints, and regime dynamics by bridging gaps in existing research and enabling nuanced analyses. To demonstrate that, we present a research example about opportunistic election timing. The ETAD dataset and its codebook can be downloaded from the author’s website or installed as an R package.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48188,"journal":{"name":"Electoral Studies","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the complexity of immigrant stereotypes: Perceptions of Nigerian immigrants in the US depend on between-country versus within-country framing","authors":"Elizaveta Komyaginskaya ,&nbsp;Albina Gallyamova ,&nbsp;Lucian Gideon Conway III ,&nbsp;Dmitry Grigoryev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijintrel.2025.102261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores how immigrant stereotypes and prejudice are influenced by two types of status comparisons: a group’s country of origin (<em>between-country</em>) and its position within the host nation (<em>within-country</em>). Focusing on Nigerian immigrants in the US, we draw on the Stereotype Content Model to assess perceptions of warmth and competence, alongside established prejudice measures (social distance and feeling thermometer). A total of 516 US citizens completed an online, between-subjects experiment in one of four conditions: (1) Control (no information), (2) Between-Country (emphasizing Nigeria’s economic disadvantages relative to the US), (3) Within-Country (highlighting Nigerian immigrants’ socioeconomic success within the US), or (4) Combined (providing both sets of information). Participants exposed to Nigeria’s lower economic standing reported higher prejudice and rated Nigerian immigrants as lower in warmth and competence. Conversely, information about Nigerian immigrants’ strong socioeconomic position in the US led to more favorable views, mitigating the negative effects of the between-country frame. These findings underscore how specific informational contexts significantly shape both stereotypes and prejudice, offering practical avenues for reducing intergroup bias. We situate these results within cross-categorization theories and emergent attribute perspectives, showing that global and local status cues jointly shape societal perceptions of immigrant groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Intercultural Relations","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 102261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of natural gas development on the resilience of coastal social-ecological systems amid climate change in Mtwara, Tanzania","authors":"Victoria H. Moshy ,&nbsp;Pius Z. Yanda ,&nbsp;Brown Gwambene ,&nbsp;Anselm Mwajombe","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of natural gas development on the sociological systems of coastal communities in the Mtwara region, Tanzania, with a focus on Livelihoods, resilience to climate change, and sustainability. Coastal communities, heavily reliant on marine and coastal resources, face challenges from climate change, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic inequalities. Natural gas investments have introduced opportunities for poverty alleviation, income generation, and infrastructure improvement. However, these developments also present risks such as uneven benefit distribution, environmental degradation, and over-reliance on extractive revenues. The study employs a resilience framework to investigate the impact of natural gas development on community welfare and adaptive capacity. It employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, which simultaneously enabled the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. The mixed-methods approach integrated qualitative techniques (key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and transect walks) with quantitative data collection through a household questionnaire survey. The data were analysed using MS Excel and SPSS to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative analysis. The study analysed qualitative data thematically to identify key patterns, relationships, and factors related to governance, resilience, and climate change. Findings reveal positive impacts, including job creation, reduced energy costs, and improved electricity access, alongside challenges like income disparities and resistance to implementation. Communities adopt response strategies such as alternative income-generating activities and environmental conservation to mitigate these challenges. The study emphasises the importance of implementing inclusive policies, capacity-building initiatives, and sustainable practices that strike a balance between economic benefits and environmental and social considerations. Continuous monitoring and stakeholder collaboration are crucial for addressing emerging challenges and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits. The study concludes that sustainable natural gas development can enhance the welfare and resilience of coastal communities, provided it integrates environmental conservation, community empowerment, and adaptive management strategies. Thus, it recommends policymakers and stakeholders to prioritise long-term sustainability over short-term gains that can harness the potential of natural gas investments to support resilient sociological systems in the face of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating sustainability and productivity: The role of public policies in Brazilian family farming","authors":"Frederico Pereira Tenchini ,&nbsp;Fábio de Oliveira Paula ,&nbsp;Marcos Cohen ,&nbsp;Jorge Ferreira da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Family farming plays a crucial role in food security and sustainability, but faces challenges related to productivity and access to effective public policies. This study examines how internal resources, sustainable practices, and public policies—specifically credit and technical assistance—influence productivity in Brazilian family farming, grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), Stakeholder Theory, and Contingency Theory. Using regression models applied to agricultural census data, four hypotheses regarding the interaction of these factors were tested. Results indicate that internal resources, such as land ownership and higher education levels, positively affect productivity, while sustainable practices like organic fertilization and forest planting provide benefits but reveal trade-offs, such as challenges in the absence of pesticides. The National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) consistently promoted productive and conservationist practices, whereas rural extension services (ATER) exhibited limitations, particularly in areas requiring greater technical specialization. The interaction between public policies and internal resources proved essential for maximizing productive efficiency. The study concludes that integrated public policies combining agricultural credit and specialized technical assistance are vital for aligning productivity and sustainability. This research connects established theories with agricultural practices, offering recommendations for public policy improvement and future directions to strengthen family farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 103811"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shuffled and Shortchanged? The Gender Gap in Cabinet Shuffles in Africa","authors":"Saaka Sulemana Saaka","doi":"10.1093/afraf/adaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaf017","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines gendered patterns of cabinet appointments and shuffles by African heads of state. While a handful of previous studies have systematically analysed how regime type influences cabinet reshuffles in African autocracies, the gender dynamics of cabinet survival and replacement in the region remain underexplored. Using a cross-national dataset of 3,829 ministerial appointments from 1990 to 2021, I model the impact of individual-level factors on survival probabilities and cabinet shuffles. The findings reveal that women serve shorter tenures than men, even in high-prestige portfolios, but survival probabilities are not statistically related to gender when controlling for age, credentials, and political and socioeconomic factors. However, when cabinets are shuffled, women are significantly more likely than men to be succeeded by someone of the other gender. This study contributes to research on gender and cabinet politics by showing that, beyond political and socio-economic variables, individual-level factors significantly shape cabinet survival and shuffles in Africa.","PeriodicalId":7508,"journal":{"name":"African Affairs","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gaps: Improving the legal and institutional approach to forced marriage as honour-based violence in Spain","authors":"Carolina Villacampa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46026,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Law Crime and Justice","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}