法学最新文献

{"title":"Ideology and Legitimacy in Global Governance","authors":"Matthias Ecker-Ehrhardt, Lisa Dellmuth, Jonas Tallberg","doi":"10.1017/s0020818324000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818324000304","url":null,"abstract":"While many scholars expect people's ideological orientations to drive their beliefs regarding the legitimacy of international organizations (IOs), research has found surprisingly limited support for this common assumption. In this article we resolve this puzzle by introducing the perceived ideological profile of IOs as a critical factor shaping the relationship between ideological orientation and such beliefs. Theoretically, we argue that citizens accord IOs greater legitimacy when they perceive these organizations as ideologically more congruent with their own orientations. Empirically, we evaluate this expectation by combining observational and experimental analyses of new survey evidence from four countries: Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, and the United States. We find that citizens indeed perceive IOs as having particular ideological profiles and that those perceptions systematically moderate the relationship between people's ideological orientations and their sense of IOs’ legitimacy. These findings suggest that political ideology is a more powerful driver of legitimacy beliefs in global governance than previously understood.","PeriodicalId":48388,"journal":{"name":"International Organization","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the financial barriers to treatment among individuals with opioid use disorder: a focus group study.","authors":"Precious Anyanwu, Olajumoke A Olateju, Vaishnavi Tata, Tyler Varisco, Lauren R Gilbert, Motolani E Ogunsanya, E James Essien, Michael L Johnson, J Douglas Thornton","doi":"10.1186/s12954-024-01133-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-01133-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the established effectiveness and relatively widespread availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder, individuals seeking treatment frequently encounter various structural and social barriers, including costs of treatment. This study aimed to understand the financial barriers that affect treatment continuation in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, seven semi-structured in-depth focus group interviews were conducted among 28 participants in treatment for OUD. Basic demographic information were collected in a pre-focus group survey. Focus group interviews were conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. A moderator guide was used to facilitate the discussion. Transcripts were managed using ATLAS.ti© v7. Data collected from the focus groups underwent deductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data saturation was reached in 7 focus groups with a total of 28 participants (17 [60.7%] women; 27 [96.4%] white; 24 [85.7%] non-Hispanic). All three medications for OUD were represented (18 [64.3%] buprenorphine and naloxone, 5 [17.9%] methadone, 3 [10.7%] naltrexone, and 2 [7.1%] buprenorphine) and the time in treatment ranged from 1 month to over 36 months. Nearly all participants (27 [96.4%]) indicated a financial barrier that led to delayed treatment initiation and treatment retention. Two themes were identified from the focus group interviews: (1) OUD treatment-related financial burden- the direct and indirect cost associated with the treatment, and (2) psychosocial effects associated with the cost of OUD treatment -the mental, emotional, and social effects of the disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most participants described the desire and need for resources to offset the unaffordable cost that inhibits treatment initiation and retention. Further work is required to help identify individuals susceptible to financial barriers that can lead to early discontinuation in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an ethical framework for the recruitment of people who inject drugs experiencing incarceration in HIV prevention research: a qualitative study.","authors":"Matthew Murphy, Nyx Gomes, Kimberly Kane, Josiah D Rich, Lloyd Goldsamt, Jasjit S Ahluwalia, Kate M Guthrie, Susan E Ramsey, Sara Vargas","doi":"10.1186/s12954-024-01138-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-01138-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV disproportionately impacts people who experience incarceration. Incarceration represents an opportunity to engage in HIV prevention care for individuals who often experience a number of barriers accessing health services in the community. The development of evidence-based practices promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP) is crucial for ending the HIV epidemic within this highly marginalized population. However, PrEP research within carceral facilities has been limited and is hampered in part by the lack of ethical guidance on conducting HIV prevention research in this unique setting where incarcerated individuals are categorized as a vulnerable population requiring specific protections. This lack of knowledge is particularly striking when considering the lack of input from incarcerated individuals themselves on the responsible conduct of research, which is critical to understanding ways to ensure participant autonomy while avoiding coercive practices in research activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to gain a better understanding of ethical approaches to the conduct of HIV prevention research among incarcerated individuals, we conducted qualitative interviews with 21 incarcerated men who reported injecting drugs and met clinical criteria for PrEP use. The interview topics included HIV knowledge, PrEP knowledge, stigma, and perceptions related to ethical research practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes identified included how forced abstinence during incarceration can negatively affect research participation, the importance of participant comfort as it relates to ensuring autonomy in decision making, a desire for person centred approaches in research activities, study staff characteristics impacting participant experience, and perceptions of carceral staff as members of research teams.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that conducting research focused on improving PrEP use in a carceral environment has support among those experiencing incarceration. However, researchers should place the participant experience at the center of research protocol development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal genetic heterogeneity of the Lue people in Thailand due to multiple resettlements and population dynamics.","authors":"Rattanasak Wongkomonched, Tanapon Seetaraso, Suwapat Sathupak, Punyaporn Muktier, Jetniphat Suvanpakprak, Jatupol Kampuansai","doi":"10.4436/JASS.10207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.10207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lue ethnic group, which speaks a language that is part of the broader Tai-Kadai linguistic family, extends from Southern China to upper Southeast Asia. Their migration to Northern Thailand exemplifies how migration patterns influence genetic diversity in populations of Thailand. To delve deeper into their genetic history, we generated 144 mitochondrial HVR-1 sequences from three Lue populations and combined them with data obtained from related ethnic groups. These totaled 1,100 sequences gathered across 27 populations including the Lue, Yong, Yuan, and Dai. Analysis has revealed a low degree of haplotype diversity and a small effective population size, which indicate that founder effects impacted the maternal genetic structure of Lue communities. The complex migration history and multiple resettlements of Lue settlers have contributed to significant genetic heterogeneity among those living in Thailand. A notable finding was the identification of a genetic connection among Lue, as well as their close relative Yong populations in Thailand, and the Dai people in Dehong, China, which suggests a shared maternal ancestry or assimilation between these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"102 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information / Dans ce numéro","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cag.12934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12934","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47619,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cag.12934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It's not being ‘on-the-land,’ it's like we are a part of the Land”: Indigenous youth share visual stories at “on-the-land” camps in the Dehcho","authors":"Steph Woodworth,&nbsp;Kristen Tanche,&nbsp;Britney Nadli,&nbsp;Sonia D. Wesche,&nbsp;Andrew Spring","doi":"10.1111/cag.12968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>In northern Canada, Indigenous Peoples face rapid environmental and sociocultural changes that disrupt access to traditional places and practices. This disruption limits cross-generational knowledge transfer and decreases opportunities for youth to connect with the Land. Land-based education programs aim to provide Indigenous youth with spaces to learn about and connect with the Land, their language, and culture. However, there is limited research on what youth experience, enjoy, and learn during these programs. Our paper explores this through a study with Dene and Métis youth in the Dehcho region of the Northwest Territories. We investigate what youth experience and learn during “on-the-land” camps and how these camps provide spaces for youth to connect with the Land. Using a community-based, Indigenous research methodology, we employed photovoice, allowing youth to share visual stories of their camp experiences and their (re)connection with the Land. Our results are categorized into three themes: (1) connections with the Land; (2) enjoyment of the camp environment; and (3) land-based learning. We argue that land-based education programs, such as on-the-land camps, are effective for fostering relationships between Indigenous youth and the Land. These camps teach youth various ways to connect with and protect the Land for future generations</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":47619,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cag.12968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do neighbourhood challenges affect the mental health of residents? Insights from the 2018 and 2021 Canadian Housing Surveys","authors":"Sulemana Ansumah Saaka,&nbsp;Kmaldeen Mohammed,&nbsp;Roger Antabe","doi":"10.1111/cag.12966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12966","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neighbourhood physical and social disorders are shown to have adverse impacts on residents’ mental health. Identifying and addressing neighbourhood challenges is crucial for promoting social cohesion and mental well-being. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on this important topic within Canada, prompting a comprehensive evaluation of the association between neighbourhoods’ challenges and self-rated mental health. Using the 2018 (N = 61,021) and 2021(N = 40,988) Canadian Housing Surveys and employing logistic regression models for comparative analysis, we found that residents of neighbourhoods with challenges including harassment, drug use, drunkenness, unsafeness at night, noise, smog/air pollution, garbage litter, and vandalism, reported lower odds of positive mental health (PMH) both pre-pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, females reported lower odds of PMH both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. However, residents with post-secondary educational attainment, those from wealthy households, and those in two-member households, significantly reported PMH before and during the pandemic. Civic engagement with the local community also correlated more with PMH, but pre-pandemic only. Provincial variations were further observed. Thus, we concluded that neighbourhood challenges contribute to poor mental health. Socio-economic and provincial differences underscore the importance of tailored interventions and support systems for mental health across regions. However, it is important to highlight that the self-reported nature of our data may result in biased perceptions. That is, participants’ existing poorer mental health status may influence their opinions about the neighbourhoods. Also, the tendency of social desirability to influence responses may suggest a bidirectional neighbourhood-mental health relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":47619,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cag.12966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Parents' Marital Quality Influences Intergenerational Support Between Older Adults and Their Children: Evidence From Malaysia.","authors":"Timothy Qy Low, Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan, Norma Mansor","doi":"10.1177/01640275241309076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01640275241309076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With Asia's rapid population aging, intergenerational exchanges between older adults and children are becoming increasingly important for old-age support. However, the relationship between older adults' marital quality and intergenerational support remains underexplored, particularly in multi-ethnic and developing settings. To address this, we examine a subsample of currently married older adults (60+) with at least one child (n = 1575) from Wave 1 (2018) of the Malaysian Aging and Retirement Survey. Using latent class analysis, we identify intergenerational support patterns among older Malaysians. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to investigate how older adults' marital experiences relate to these support patterns. Findings show positive marital experiences are associated with support patterns involving mutual exchange or high receipt of support, while negative marital experiences are linked to patterns characterized by a downward transfer of support to children. Policymakers in developing settings should thus pay more attention to family dynamics when aiming to strengthen intergenerational support.</p>","PeriodicalId":47983,"journal":{"name":"Research on Aging","volume":" ","pages":"1640275241309076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Burnout in Social Work Field Education: Mitigating the Risk by Mary Powell and Linda Riggs Mayfield","authors":"Muhammad Qudwatie, Rini Vovriyenti, Yufen Lorens Ati, Rahmat Fahmi","doi":"10.1177/10497315241309571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315241309571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faces from colonial times: the collection of facial casts at the Sapienza University of Rome (Museum of Anthropology \"G. Sergi\")).","authors":"Maria Chiara Verducci, Silvia Soncin, Maria Luana Belli, Elisabetta Aloisi Masella, Giacomo Macola, Giorgio Manzi","doi":"10.4436/JASS.10208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.10208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Founded in 1894, the Museum \"G. Sergi\" houses a variety of osteological materials and other collections, including several plaster facial casts from different human populations. This paper investigates this collection, which has been acquired (at least in part) in the framework of Italian colonialism, focusing on expeditions respectively led by Lidio Cipriani and Corrado Gini during the fascist regime. By examining these casts and the colonial missions associated with them, we compare the goals of Cipriani and Gini, uncovering the otherwise forgotten history of these collections, and provide new insights from the perspective of the colonized. While Gini's records include the names of local actors, Cipriani's documentation identifies individuals in only one notable case, that of the \"Arabi dello Yemen\", a group of Yemenis about to join the Italian askari forces. Globally, many museums are re-evaluating similar samples and it is in this framework that we present these case-studies. In addition, as a collaborative effort by researchers from different fields, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about how human facial casts should be displayed in museums.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"102 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}