法学最新文献

{"title":"Governing the deep: Economic, ecological, and legal perspectives on deep-sea mining in areas beyond national jurisdiction","authors":"Nathalie Hilmi ,&nbsp;Wassim Dbouk ,&nbsp;Matías Crisóstomo ,&nbsp;Cheyenne Couvreur ,&nbsp;Gisele Arruda ,&nbsp;Annaëlle Aziza ,&nbsp;Narissa Bax","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental protection is a critical consideration for activities in the ocean to ensure the long-term sustainable use of marine resources, prevent irreversible ecological harm, and fulfill international legal obligations. In this article, we examine how economic interests in deep-sea mining, emerging scientific knowledge about environmental impacts, and recent legal developments under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) shape States’ negotiation positions in the development of the Mining Code within the International Seabed Authority. We undertake a rigorous multidisciplinary review of economic, environmental, and legal literature to identify and critically assess the key factors influencing States’ strategies during these complex negotiations. By analyzing each domain, we clarify how competing economic imperatives, evolving scientific evidence on biodiversity and carbon cycle disruption, and shifting legal norms independently inform the negotiation process and its implications for the Mining Code’s substantive content and governance mechanisms. Drawing on recent jurisprudence from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which elucidates the relationship between UNCLOS and international climate frameworks under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Agreement, we highlight the increasing prominence of environmental protection within States’ legal duties. We argue that this evolving legal context supports the prioritization of precautionary and protective measures in the Mining Code and encourages cautious approaches that address scientific uncertainty and climate-related risks. This may include delaying the adoption of the Code or integrating stronger safeguards to prevent ecosystem collapse and promote responsible marine stewardship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance with mandatory conservation policies among rural properties in the Eastern Amazon","authors":"Tatiane Camila Martins Silva ,&nbsp;Luiz Edinelson Cardoso e Cardoso ,&nbsp;Renato Augusto Soares Rodrigues ,&nbsp;José Maria Cardoso da Silva ,&nbsp;Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation compliance on private lands is critical for preserving biodiversity in regions where protected areas are insufficient. We assessed compliance with Brazil's Native Vegetation Protection Law by analyzing 14,713 rural properties in the Guamá River Basin, Eastern Amazon. Our findings reveal alarmingly low compliance rates, with only 8.3 % of properties meeting both Legal Reserve (LR) and Permanent Protected Area (PPA) requirements. Using Cragg hurdle regression models, we identified that property size positively influences LR compliance but shows no significant effect on PPA compliance. Neighborhood effects strongly impact LR compliance, suggesting spatial clustering of conservation behavior. Distance from administrative centers and infrastructure demonstrates complex relationships with compliance, with properties distant from main roads showing increased likelihood of initial LR compliance but decreased PPA compliance levels. These patterns reveal that enforcement strategies should be tailored to both property characteristics and conservation requirement types. Our research suggests focusing conservation efforts on properties clustered around shared conservation targets, implementing geospatial monitoring technologies, and strengthening state capacity for enforcement to improve compliance in this critical biogeographic region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17933,"journal":{"name":"Land Use Policy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kin-Directed Altruism and Male Androphilia in Thailand: Investigating the Roles of Femininity and Neuroticism.","authors":"Daisy Z Hu,Francisco R Gómez Jiménez,Pongpun Saokhieo,Oranitcha Kaewthip,Taweewat Supindham,Suwat Chariyalertsak,Doug P VanderLaan","doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03233-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03233-z","url":null,"abstract":"The kin selection hypothesis (KSH) proposes that same-sex attracted individuals offset their lowered direct reproduction via kin-directed altruism that increases close genetic relatives' reproduction, thereby enhancing inclusive fitness. Retrospective research found that childhood concerns for kin's well-being are elevated among birth-assigned males who are androphilic (i.e., sexually attracted to adult males) and are positively associated with childhood femininity. This pattern is posited to be a developmental precursor of avuncular/materteral tendencies in adulthood. Also, prior research indicates that male androphiles have elevated neuroticism, which is associated positively with attachment but negatively with prosocial behavior. Thus, neuroticism may promote a developmental disposition toward kin-directed altruism while inhibiting such tendencies in adulthood. Associations between femininity, childhood concerns for kin's well-being, facets of neuroticism, and avuncular/materteral tendencies were examined in Thai individuals assigned male at birth (N = 776), including 315 heterosexual men, 232 gay men, and 229 sao praphet song (transfeminine androphiles). Avuncular/materteral tendencies were elevated among the androphilic groups in comparison with heterosexual men. Path analysis revealed that an anxiety-related facet of neuroticism and childhood femininity had indirect positive effects on avuncular/materteral tendencies through increased childhood concerns for kin's well-being. Adulthood femininity and emotional stability (which is contra to neuroticism) had direct positive effects on avuncular/materteral tendencies. The findings support the KSH, align with previous literature on developmental precursors for kin-directed altruism, and suggest that neuroticism is relevant to consider when testing this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"767 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographically Weighted Cause-Specific Hazard Model with Application to Prostate Cancer","authors":"Mina Kim, Yeong-Hwa Kim, Molin Wang, Se Young Choi, Jooyoung Lee","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2025.2551037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2025.2551037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-Related Deaths Among Young People in a Scottish Region: A Socio-Ecological Autopsy Approach to Understanding the Context of Drug Deaths.","authors":"Aileen O'Gorman, Stephanie Govenden, Frances Matthewson","doi":"10.1177/14550725251370436","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14550725251370436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Social, structural and systemic factors are critical to understanding drug-related deaths among adults. The relevance of these factors to young people is not known. This study explores the life experience, drug using histories and the interactions of a group of young people with agencies and services prior to their death. Our approach seeks to look beyond the immediate cause of death and identify broader contextual factors that may have contributed to a death through a \"whole-life view\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study developed a socio-ecological autopsy approach informed by social autopsy methods and social ecology and risk environment frameworks. Health, social work, police and post-mortem records of the young people were collated and analysed. Summary narratives, chronologies and descriptive statistics were produced using Excel and NVivo.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Twenty-one deaths were identified; almost all were due to multi-drug toxicity, mainly heroin mixed with other substances. Almost all the young people had reported mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and self-harm, and had experinced at least one recorded overdose before they died. Most grew up in precarity and poverty in deprived areas. In their short lives, most of this cohort of young people experienced multiple adversities in childhood and as young adults, particularly in the year preceding their death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complex and fragmented services struggled to respond holistically to early signs of difficulties and to the young people's cumulative experience of trauma and adversity, mental ill-health and drug-related harms in the context of prohibition. There is a need for a radical rethink of systems to enable integrated youth-centred approaches that meet the needs of those at risk of drug-related deaths and to address the broader social and structural contexts of drug deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":46180,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs","volume":" ","pages":"14550725251370436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12420636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing statewide literacy and special education training in the U.S.: A mixed-methods evaluation","authors":"Deborah K. Reed,&nbsp;Anna S. Gibbs,&nbsp;Julie K. Owens","doi":"10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address gaps in the field’s knowledge about implementing educator preparation program (EPP) reforms at scale, this mixed methods study gathered data from one U.S. state’s instructors to understand their perceptions of and experiences complying with new legislation and implementing state-provided training modules for future K-5 literacy and special education teachers and leaders. Across the state’s 40 EPPs, 188 survey responses and 24 focus group participants’ comments were gathered. Instructors generally agreed with the policy goals and appreciated the evidence base of the module content. However, they recommended improving student engagement and providing more implementation guidance and tools. Overall, the data suggested there was a lack of systematic implementation planning that potentially hampered reform efforts. Lessons learned about implementing policies at scale are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48046,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation and Program Planning","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Dark Tetrad in Human–GenAI Relationships: A Multi-Source Evaluation of GenAI Abuse","authors":"Cheng-Yen Wang","doi":"10.1177/08944393251378800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393251378800","url":null,"abstract":"As generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) companions become increasingly integrated into users’ social lives, concerns have arisen regarding the potential for abuse of these artificial agents. Some scholars have further suggested that such abusive behaviors toward GenAI may eventually spill over into human interpersonal contexts. Guided by the Realistic Accuracy Model (RAM), this study investigated how Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism predict emotionally abusive behavior toward GenAI companions. A dyadic design was employed, collecting parallel reports from both human users (self-reports) and their GenAI companions (GenAI assessments) among 1041 participants (632 females; average age = 25.10 years) recruited from an online human–GenAI relationship community. Results demonstrated that psychopathy and sadism were consistent predictors of GenAI abuse across both reporting perspectives, whereas narcissism exhibited a stable negative association with abuse. In contrast, Machiavellianism predicted GenAI abuse only through GenAI assessments, but not self-reports. Theoretically, our findings extend RAM to human–AI relationships, demonstrating that personality traits vary in how accurately they can be judged in GenAI contexts. Practically, the results highlight that individuals high in certain Dark Tetrad traits—specifically psychopathy and sadism—represent personality-driven high-risk groups, providing insights for practitioners in education and technology to develop interventions or safeguards aimed at mitigating abusive behavior toward GenAI companions.","PeriodicalId":49509,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Computer Review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailing social influence in predicting cinema attendance: a vignette approach","authors":"Yevhen Voronin","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2025.102041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.poetic.2025.102041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The movie market is full of incommensurable products, encouraging consumers to rely on various judgment devices of a social nature (e.g., ratings and recommendations) to make choices. However, the role of movie genres and individual characteristics in relying on judgment devices remains uncertain.</div><div>Drawing upon Karpik’s theory of the economics of singularities, this study examines social influence in a movie market by employing a factorial survey to investigate the role of movie ratings and recommendations in predicting the likelihood of going to the cinema to watch a movie across four genres: romance, sci-fi, documentary and horror — genres distinguished by their varying levels of social stratification and popularity. The vignettes are presented in the form of pictures, depicting either low, middle or high ratings by movie experts, broad audience and peers, as well as personal recommendations from close friends, parents or neither.</div><div>First, the results reveal that the ratings by experts, broad audience and peers emerge as positive predictors; the gain from each rating's increase from the middle level to the highest level is greater than the loss from a decrease from the middle level to the lowest level among all movie genres. Second, personal recommendation by close friends, rather than parents, holds the highest significance regardless of the genre. Third, orientation toward specific judgment devices depends on individual characteristics of respondents, such as trust in family and importance of friends, genre preferences and the level of cultural omnivorousness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Types of Survey Questions are Prone to Interviewer Effects? Evidence Based on 29,000 Intra-Interviewer Correlations From 28 Countries of the European Social Survey","authors":"Adam Stefkovics, Kinga Batiz, Blanka Zsófia Grubits, Anna Sára Ligeti","doi":"10.1177/00491241251372509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241251372509","url":null,"abstract":"Interviewer effects are a common challenge in face-to-face surveys. Understanding the conditions that make interviewer variance more likely to occur is essential in tackling sources of bias. Earlier evidence suggests that certain features of the survey instrument provide more ground for interviewer influence. For instance, attitudinal, sensitive, complex or open-ended questions invite more interviewer variance. In this article, we aim to validate earlier results, previously derived from single-country studies, by using the large cross-national sample of the European Social Survey (ESS). We compare 29,330 intra-interviewer correlations derived from 984 survey questions from 28 countries using data from 10 waves of the ESS. The questions were manually coded based on several characteristics. These features of survey questions were then used as predictors of intraclass correlations (ICCs) in multilevel models. The results show that question characteristics account for a significant portion of the variation in ICCs, with certain types, such as attitude and non-factual questions, items appearing later in the survey, and those using showcards, being especially susceptible to interviewer effects. Our findings have important implications for both interviewer training and questionnaire design.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining Poland: exploring geographical imaginaries in the Ukrainian war refugee narratives","authors":"Kamil Luczaj,&nbsp;Katarzyna Krakowska","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the geographical imaginaries of Poland as constructed by Ukrainians fleeing the 2022 Russian invasion. Utilizing data from an international Polish-Ukrainian project, which includes 30 in-depth interviews with Ukrainian refugees, the paper examines how perceptions of Poland are formed, communicated, and challenged during forced migration. These imaginaries serve as a foundation for social remittances, shaping the transfer of cultural practices and ideas between Ukraine and Poland. Conducted from February 2023 to January 2024, the study reveals that the positive image of Poland as a Western country is associated with three primary themes: economic development and better life opportunities (evidenced by material comforts and fewer employment concerns), interpersonal relations (perceived as friendly and tolerant), and broader cultural norms (such as respect for the rule of law and postmaterialist values). While literature on the imaginaries of new EU states often portrays Poland as an aspiring member, Ukrainians view it as a “Western country” that is culturally closer and more familiar compared to other Western nations like Germany. The study highlights the importance of individual experiences, media narratives, and social interactions in shaping geographical imaginaries. Interactions between Ukrainian refugees and their Polish hosts, especially through homestay arrangements, play a crucial role in forming these perceptions. This paper enhances our understanding of how forced migration affects perceptions of neighbouring countries and challenges existing notions of the West, offering fresh insights into the dynamics of geographical imaginaries. Additionally, it underscores how factors such as the refugees’ place of residence and their “cosmobility capital” influence their views of Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}