法学最新文献_第10页

The Origins of War : A Global Archaeological Review.

IF 2.2 2区社会学

Human Nature-An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-024-09477-3

Hugo Meijer

{"title":"The Origins of War : A Global Archaeological Review.","authors":"Hugo Meijer","doi":"10.1007/s12110-024-09477-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-024-09477-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How old is war? Is it a deep-seated propensity in the human species or is it a recent cultural invention? This article investigates the archaeological evidence for prehistoric war across world regions by probing two competing hypotheses. The \"deep roots\" thesis asserts that war is an evolved adaptation that humans inherited from their common ancestor with chimpanzees, from which they split around seven million years ago, and that persisted throughout prehistory, encompassing both nomadic and sedentary hunter-gatherer societies. In contrast, the \"shallow roots\" viewpoint posits that peaceful intergroup relations are ancestral in humans, suggesting that war emerged only recently with the development of sedentary, hierarchical, and densely populated societies, prompted by the agricultural revolution ~ 12,000-10,000 years ago. To ascertain which position is best supported by the available empirical evidence, this article reviews the prehistoric archaeological record for both interpersonal and intergroup conflict across world regions, following an approximate chronological sequence from the emergence of humans in Africa to their dispersal out of Africa in the Near East, Europe, Australia, Northeast Asia, and the Americas. This worldwide analysis of the archaeological record lends partial support to both positions, but neither the \"deep roots\" nor the \"shallow roots\" argument is fully vindicated. Intergroup relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers were marked neither by relentless war nor by unceasingly peaceful interactions. What emerges from the archaeological record is that, while lethal violence has deep roots in the Homo lineage, prehistoric group interactions-ranging from peaceful cooperation to conflict-exhibited considerable plasticity and variability, both over time and across world regions, which constitutes the true evolutionary puzzle.</p>","PeriodicalId":47797,"journal":{"name":"Human Nature-An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Brief Habit Reversal to Decrease Speech Disfluencies in Public Speaking. A Systematic Replication

IF 1.8 4区社会学

Research on Social Work Practice Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10497315241301372

Anja Göhring, Christoph Bördlein

引用次数: 0

The problem of socio-territorial inequality in cultural policies: Unveiling policy frames through Barcelona policies (2019–2023)

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Poetics Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101963

Mariano Martín Zamorano Barrios, Nicolás Barbieri Muttis

{"title":"The problem of socio-territorial inequality in cultural policies: Unveiling policy frames through Barcelona policies (2019–2023)","authors":"Mariano Martín Zamorano Barrios, Nicolás Barbieri Muttis","doi":"10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101963","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how cultural policy frames embody and shape inequalities in cultural participation within urban settings. It explores both historical and contemporary policy frames, scrutinizing various approaches to cultural democratization and intersectional equity. From this perspective, we study how the cultural policies advanced by the Barcelona City Council framed inequalities in urban cultural participation and access to culture. The research employs thematic analysis of Barcelona's cultural policy documents and relevant stakeholder interviews to evaluate these frames' problem definition, prognosis, and collective action components. On this basis, the article identifies three main policy frames: constitutive, participatory, and intersectional, which are contrasted with policies implemented in the city from 2019 to 2023, including both pre- and post-COVID-19. The results reveal that although the local administration's policy frame broadly aligns with strategies and narratives of multidimensional participation and pro-intersectional equity frames, it also embeds tensions within and between specific social stratification and constitutive components of cultural policy design.","PeriodicalId":47900,"journal":{"name":"Poetics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Fieldwork in Social Work: A Practical Guide by M. Rezaul Islam

IF 1.8 4区社会学

Research on Social Work Practice Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10497315241305778

Alfira Nuarifia Handitasari, Farra Fadila

引用次数: 0

“Supply‐Side Versus Demand‐Side Unmet Need: Implications for Family Planning Programs”: A Comment

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12701

Mahesh Karra

{"title":"“Supply‐Side Versus Demand‐Side Unmet Need: Implications for Family Planning Programs”: A Comment","authors":"Mahesh Karra","doi":"10.1111/padr.12701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12701","url":null,"abstract":"I review a study by Senderowicz and Maloney (2022), which proposes an approach to classifying women's reasons for not using contraception as either being driven by supply‐side factors or by a lack of demand. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from seven countries, the authors conclude that most unmet need can be attributed to demand‐side reasons for non‐use. I replicate the analysis and find errors in the authors’ calculations. When corrected, the relative differences between demand‐side and supply‐side reasons are smaller, and the proportion of women reporting supply‐side reasons is larger than demand‐side reasons in two countries. In addition, the approach does not account for endogeneity between supply and demand, which cannot be disentangled using cross‐sectional data like the DHS. Using longitudinal data, I find that more than four out of five women with “demand‐side unmet need” use contraception after receiving an intervention that reduced supply‐side barriers. I discuss the extent of inference gained by these indicators for informing programs, noting that women's true reasons for non‐use may be poorly proxied with cross‐sectional data, and prioritizing resources based on these reasons would fail to reach a nontrivial proportion of non‐users who would have preferred to contracept if access were improved.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Historias migratorias y educativas de estudiantes transfronterizos entre Estados Unidos y México

IF 3.8 1区社会学

International Migration Review Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/01979183241299681

Francisco Salgado-Robles

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Police Social Work: Social Work Practice in Law Enforcement Agencies

IF 1.8 4区社会学

Research on Social Work Practice Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/10497315241303694

Dadang Fernando, Nawaz Syarif, Muhammad Ilham Rasyid, Maleakhi Samuel Pasalli

引用次数: 0

Knowing and Caring About the Impact of Crime on Victims: Results From an Intervention for Justice-Involved Youth

IF 3.8 1区社会学

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/15412040241305327

Carter Hay, Emily Hargrove, Kimberly M. Davidson, Ashton Cobb

{"title":"Knowing and Caring About the Impact of Crime on Victims: Results From an Intervention for Justice-Involved Youth","authors":"Carter Hay, Emily Hargrove, Kimberly M. Davidson, Ashton Cobb","doi":"10.1177/15412040241305327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040241305327","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of crime (IOC) interventions are delivered to justice-involved populations to increase sensitivity to and awareness of the harm experienced by crime victims. Such programs are common, but empirical evaluations have been rare. This study addressed that gap by evaluating an IOC intervention used with residential youth in Florida. The study focused on two questions. First, did IOC participants experience improvement on key outcomes? Second, was improvement affected by key individual qualities of youth? Pre- and post-intervention survey data were collected for 419 IOC participants on five outcomes: Sensitivity to victim impact, willingness to take responsibility, antisocial thinking, readiness to make life changes, and factual awareness of victim impact. The analysis revealed that all five outcomes were marked by significant pre-to-post improvements. There was individual variation, with some youth showing substantial improvement and others showing modest improvement or iatrogenic effects. This pattern included modest evidence of greater improvement among those with extensive prior offending and lower improvement among Black youth. We conclude by describing the implications of these findings for the policy and practice of juvenile correctional treatment.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining Variation in Survey Costs Across Surveys

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/00491241241298914

Kristen Olson, John Stevenson, Nadia Assad, Lindsey Witt-Swanson, Cameron P.E. Jones, Amanda Ganshert, Jennifer Dykema

引用次数: 0

Interest in healthcare work post-pandemic: A study on social work students' perspectives.

IF 2.1 4区社会学

Social Work in Health Care Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2432643

Yaser Snoubar

引用次数: 0