法学最新文献

{"title":"The Frequency, Nature, Impact, and Coping Strategies of Nonconsensual Intimate Image Dissemination Victimization: A Scoping Review.","authors":"V Karasavva","doi":"10.1177/15248380251383940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251383940","url":null,"abstract":"Young adults increasingly initiate, maintain, and end sexual relationships online, an evolution that has also transformed how sexual violence may be perpetrated. Nonconsensual intimate image dissemination (NCIID) has gained attention in research, policy, and media. Yet, to date, there has been no synthesis of the literature on NCIID victimization. The goals of this review were to: (a) describe the frequency and nature of NCIID victimization, (b) examine the impacts of experiencing NCIID, and (c) identify survivor coping strategies. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were systematically searched for peer-reviewed qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies published in English by February 1, 2025. A total of 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reported frequency of NCIID ranged from 3% to 65%, with higher rates among those who experienced some other form of technology-facilitated sexual violence. Perpetrators were often current or former partners, and content was shared through both private messaging and public platforms. Victim-survivors frequently reported psychological (e.g., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder), social (e.g., ostracism, victim-blaming), and academic/occupational harms. Help-seeking strategies included disclosing to trusted others, legal action, and content reporting, while coping through avoidance strategies included relocation, withdrawal, or trying to act as if nothing happened. Barriers to help-seeking included stigma, lack of awareness, and prior negative experiences with authorities. Findings highlight the urgent need for survivor-centered support systems, awareness campaigns, and broader conversations about consent in digitally mediated sexual encounters.","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":"12 1","pages":"15248380251383940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Power and COVID-19 Vaccination Efforts.","authors":"Devrim Adam Yavuz, David Russell, Naomi J Spence","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to assess how different forms of state power shape public health outcomes during a global crisis. Drawing on Michael Mann's distinction between infrastructural and despotic power, we construct a typology of states and evaluate its predictive power for COVID-19 vaccination rates in 161 countries across three pandemic periods (2021, 2022, 2023). Our analysis shows that infrastructural power-a state's capacity to coordinate society and implement policy-was associated with higher vaccination rates, regardless of its level of despotic power. However, the relevance of different state capacities varied across periods: economic resources were critical for securing doses during early scarcity, infrastructural capacity was key for distribution once vaccines became widely available, and low-despotic states proved more successful at \"vaccinating the margins\" during the final phase. These findings demonstrate that Mann's interactive conception of state power offers a sharper analytical lens than standard proxies like GDP or health security indices, and they reaffirm the role of infrastructural power in effective governance amid transnational crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Sexual Harm in a Nightlife Precinct in Victoria, Australia.","authors":"Kira M Button,Nicholas Taylor,Kerri Coomber,Dominique de Andrade,Zara Quigg,Peter G Miller","doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03277-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03277-1","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual harm within nightlife settings is a public health concern. This study aims to investigate the nature and prevalence of sexual harm experienced by Australian nightlife patrons and examine sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with sexual harm. Street interviews were conducted with patrons (N = 232, 51.3% women) in one night-time entertainment precinct in Victoria, Australia. Logistic regression analyses examined individual (e.g., pre-drinking) and venue-level (e.g., lighting) predictors of sexual harm on the night of interview. In the past three months, over half (56.6%) of women and nearly one third (31.7%) of men reported experiencing nightlife-related sexual harm. Sexual harm most frequently occurred on the dancefloor, with the most common types of harm experienced on the night of the interview and in the past three months being unsolicited sexual comments, leering, and groping. Regression analyses indicated that participants who had experienced nightlife-related sexual harm in the past three months were more likely to experience sexual harm on the night of the interview (OR 6.12), while those who visited venues with brighter lighting (self-rated) were less likely to experience sexual harm (OR 0.73). The findings suggest that sexual harm is highly prevalent in Australian nightlife settings. To reduce nightlife-related sexual harm, future interventions should consider venue lighting levels and incorporate a more substantial security presence in high-risk areas.","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational and clinical procedures of heroin-assisted treatment in Switzerland: a nation-wide survey study.","authors":"Maximilian Meyer, Adrian Quinto, Adrian Guessoum, Johannes Strasser, Kenneth M Dürsteler, Undine E Lang, Marc Vogel","doi":"10.1186/s12954-025-01325-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01325-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) was introduced in Switzerland in 1994 and comprises the prescription of diacetylmorphine (DAM, heroin) for patients with severe opioid use disorder. Provision of Swiss HAT is limited to specialised treatment centres, 22 of which operate today. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics and clinical procedures of these centres.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was designed and sent out to all operating Swiss HAT centres.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 91% and all questionnaires were filled in by the medical heads of the corresponding centres. All centres employed psychiatrists and prescribed psychiatric medication. Additionally, 85% reported to offer in-house psychotherapeutic treatment and 95% reported to employ social workers. Few treatment barriers to HAT were found, with the mean time from referral to treatment initiation being 10 days. Only one centre reported to employ a waiting list. Off-label prescriptions, including intramuscular and intranasal administrations, were common. All centres offered the concurrent prescription of methadone and slow-release oral morphine. Furthermore, all centres prescribed take-home DAM. However, vast differences among centres regarding DAM dosing and titration were found. No uniformly employed factors for converting DAM to other opioids exist across centres. Overdoses and seizures were reported to be very rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Swiss HAT is overall easily accessible, patient-centred and safe for patients and staff. Some procedures are based on local tradition rather than on scientific evidence. Evidence-based treatment recommendations are needed to further improve quality of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for experiencing substance use-related employment stigma among emergency department patients at high risk of opioid overdose.","authors":"Ralph Welwean, Laura Chambers, Brandon Marshall, Francesca Beaudoin","doi":"10.1186/s12954-025-01289-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01289-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who use drugs report hesitance to seek employment because of stigma around drug use, which other forms of stigma may compound. We evaluated risk factors for substance use-related employment stigma among emergency department (ED) patients who use drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study among ED patients at high risk of opioid overdose in Rhode Island. The outcomes were three self-reported measures of substance use-related employment stigma. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate the association between participant characteristics and each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 648 participants, 25.8% reported they had been turned down for a job due to current/past drug use, 40.8% disagreed that most employers will hire someone treated for drug use if qualified, and 77.7% agreed that most employers will pass over applicants treated for drug use in favor of others. Females reported they had been turned down for a job due to drug use less often than males (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.98). Persons with a history of homelessness (aPR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24-2.66) and addiction treatment (aPR 1.95, 95% CI  1.22-3.12) more often reported having ever been turned down for a job due to drug use. Race/ethnicity was not associated with substance use-related employment stigma.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Perceived substance use-related employment stigma was common among ED patients who use drugs, and men and those with a history of homelessness or addiction treatment may be particularly affected. Employers can diminish the harms of stigmatization by acknowledging those who struggle with addiction and changing hiring practices to reduce stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators of Help-Seeking Among Asian Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in the United States: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Shih-Ying Cheng,Jieun Lee,Bianca Schindeler,Ji Hye Kim,Jill Theresa Messing","doi":"10.1177/15248380251381816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251381816","url":null,"abstract":"Asian women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) often face compound challenges in addressing abuse and its negative consequences. While prior reviews have identified barriers to help-seeking, fewer have examined the factors that facilitate help-seeking. The current scoping review addresses this gap by synthesizing findings from 33 empirical studies published between 2003 and 2024 that explore the help-seeking experiences of Asian women IPV survivors in the United States. The review indicates that help-seeking is a non-linear, iterative process; the individuals or systems that survivors initially approach can significantly influence their subsequent actions. The reviewed studies suggest that women's help-seeking typically begins with recognizing that IPV is occurring and acknowledging it as an issue that needs to be addressed. When survivors seek support, facilitators include supportive informal and formal networks, as well as human and social capital, such as English proficiency, having U.S. citizenship or permanent residency, and transportation and financial independence. Once survivors engage with services, it is crucial that these services are comprehensive, bilingual, and culturally responsive. Survivor strengths, including self-efficacy, personal aspiration, and self-care practices, also play a critical role in fostering resilience. Implications focus on improving responses to IPV among informal networks and formal systems, including increasing IPV awareness through evidence-based tools, developing community-based strategies to transform social networks into sources of support, attuning interventions to survivors' help-seeking readiness, and ensuring services are linguistically and culturally appropriate.","PeriodicalId":54211,"journal":{"name":"Trauma Violence & Abuse","volume":"3 1","pages":"15248380251381816"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Investigation Into the Moderating Effects of Relationship Factors on Improvements in Sexual Desire and Distress Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.","authors":"Lori A Brotto,Bozena Zdaniuk","doi":"10.1007/s10508-025-03255-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03255-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been demonstrated to be highly effective for improving sexual desire and reducing sex-related distress among women with sexual interest/arousal disorder (SIAD). The extent to which MBCT efficacy is impacted by relationship factors has not been studied to date and has implications for recommending MBCT to individual treatment seekers based upon their particular relationship characteristics. The goal of this study was to examine relationship status, relationship duration, self-reported relationship closeness, and relationship satisfaction as moderators of MBCT outcomes on sexual desire and sexual distress in 70 women with SIAD (Mean age 39.3 years). Multilevel modeling examined the effects of these four moderators on outcomes at immediate posttreatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-up. Women who were single, those who self-reported not being emotionally close in their relationship, and those who had lower relationship satisfaction scores had significantly greater improvements in sexual desire after MBCT (d ranging from 0.49 to 0.99), and there was no effect of these relationship variables on sex-related distress. Years in relationship did not moderate either outcome. These preliminary findings suggest that single and relationally dissatisfied partnered women may benefit more from MBCT in terms of improvements to sexual desire compared to partnered and relationally satisfied women with SIAD.","PeriodicalId":8327,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Sexual Behavior","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Transformation: An Update on Progress and Outcomes of Trauma Services in Philadelphia, PA.","authors":"Bridgette M Rice, Emily Schaffer, Sara Fernandez-Marcote, Natalie Dallard, Donna Bailey, Margaret Brace","doi":"10.1177/10775595251381643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10775595251381643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Philadelphia Alliance for Child Trauma Services III (PACTS III): Fortifying the Future is designed to change the trajectory of trauma experiences for children and youth and build an effective and sustainable trauma system for Philadelphia children, youth and their families. The initiative is led by the City of Philadelphia's Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services (DBHIDS) and Community Behavioral Health (CBH) and has been implemented in community behavioral health agencies in Philadelphia, PA. Here, we provide an update on the program's progress and outcomes. Since 2012, 601 clinicians and supervisors have been trained in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), approximately 23,000 youth were screened for trauma, and 8,420 youth received TF-CBT. Access expanded as the provider network grew from 3 to 21 agencies. An ongoing evaluation will determine the client-level impact of these efforts. Altogether, this system overhaul has greatly enhanced trauma identification and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"10775595251381643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the shadow of HIV: Fear, rumor, and stigma among young women living with HIV in COVID-19 pandemic in Western Kenya.","authors":"Mariam Florence Yusuf, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Ruth Jane Prince, Paul Wenzel Geissler","doi":"10.1111/maq.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on ethnographic research in Dudi village in Western Kenya, this article explores how the lingering legacies of the 1990s HIV/AIDS epidemic shaped local perceptions of, and responses to, the COVID-19 pandemic and related vaccine controversies. Focusing on the lives of young women living with HIV, the article traces how their experiences of navigating HIV care, stigma, and gendered expectations intersected with anxieties around COVID-19 vaccination. These narratives are embedded within a broader historical and social landscape marked by grief, moral judgement, and structural exclusion. Past experiences with HIV are shown to inform contemporary fears around vaccination, reigniting multi-layered forms of stigma and casting women's bodies as sites of risk, suspicion, and control. By situating these responses within the long shadow of the AIDS epidemic, the article highlights how disease, memory, and gendered moralities continue to shape health experiences and interventions in deeply unequal ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":47649,"journal":{"name":"Medical Anthropology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"e70026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing opportunities for community input in harm reduction program development using iterative engagement.","authors":"Nicole M Wagner, Jordan A Carlson, Meagan Bean, Amy Wineland, Joshua Blum, Scott A Cardona, Sheila Covarrubias, Allison Kempe, Abby C King, Amy G Huebschmann","doi":"10.1186/s12954-025-01323-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01323-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incorporating people who use substances into a community-engaged research process can support the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based harm reduction programs. Attending to their voice ensures those who need these programs will use them. Yet, ongoing co-learning with people who use substances, often the ideal for community engaged research, poses a challenge for recruitment, ongoing participation, and obtaining diverse perspectives. We need novel strategies to support flexibility among populations experiencing legal and social instability so that community engaged work includes more diverse perspectives. In this paper, we describe a novel community engagement approach called Effective Adaptable and Sustainable in Your Community: Operationalizing Program Sustainability (EASY OPS). EASY OPS uses iterative engagement with people with lived/living substance use experience to design and implement harm reduction vending machine and kiosk programs, aiming to increase program use in those who would benefit most.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>The EASY OPS approach addresses two key challenges to access and use of evidence-based harm reduction programs in underrepresented populations: (1) the need for attention to elements of the environment, and (2) ways to navigate challenges to ongoing research collaboration with community members experiencing substance use disorders. EASY OPS uses walking interviews with participants to identify environmental factors contributing to perceived use of services. Iterative engagement with community members-through interviews, surveys, and focus groups-was conducted to inform program development from the community's perspective as feasibility challenges emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper describes the novel EASY OPS strategy that facilitates iterative community engagement for harm reduction research and program development to better tailor implementation to the needs of diverse populations with lived/living experience. The potential impact is to reduce disparities by enhancing representative reach and access to substance use service and harm reduction programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}