法学最新文献

{"title":"Age-Based Trends in Suicidal Ideation Among Child Welfare System-Involved Youth.","authors":"Gabriel W Hassler, Lynsay Ayer, Arielle H Sheftall, Beth Ann Griffin, Elie Ohana","doi":"10.1177/10775595241311260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595241311260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Youth involved with the child welfare system (CWS) exhibit elevated rates of suicidal ideation. This study explores age-, sex-, and race-specific trends of suicidal ideation among 7-18-year-olds within the CWS. Utilizing data from all three versions of the National Survey for Child and Adolescent Well-Being (<i>N</i> = 5783), which included nationally representative samples of CWS-involved youth, we stratified the sample by age, sex, race, and ethnicity to observe subpopulation-specific trends. Our analysis estimated rates of self-reported suicidal ideation in each demographic stratum. Notably, we discovered that 7-10-year-old males and females reported higher rates of suicidal ideation (∼26%) than any other demographic group except 15-16-year-old females (∼27%). This trend was consistent across all racial and ethnic subgroups. Additional investigations are required to identify the causes of these elevated rates in younger children and to determine if this trend extends to children outside the CWS.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"387-393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescence Does Not Divert Sex Offending Adolescents of Color from Criminal Legal System Involvement.","authors":"Margaret C Stevenson, Christian R Picot, Molly A Rivers","doi":"10.1177/10775595251314173","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251314173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the United States Civil War, during Reconstruction, Southern states targeted Black youth and men for incarceration and forced labor, often charging them with rape, spawning the Black male rapist myth. This study explores evidence of a Reconstruction-era ethos in present-day treatment of youth of color accused of sexual assault. Specifically, we examined effects of perpetrator age and race on legal outcomes in 382 alleged child sexual abuse cases. There were 291 adult perpetrators (91% men, <i>M</i> age = 34; 76% White, 20% Black, 2% biracial, 2% Latinx, and 1% Asian) and 91 adolescent perpetrators (96% boys, <i>M</i> age = 14; 73% White, 22% Black, 4% biracial, and 1% Latinx). Supporting hypotheses, adolescent (vs. adult) perpetrators were less frequently arrested or referred for prosecution-but only when they were White. In contrast, for perpetrators of color, being an adolescent (vs. an adult) did not reduce arrest or prosecutorial referral likelihood. Additionally, cases involving adolescents of color (vs. White adolescents) were more immediately criminally investigated. Thus, youthfulness does not proffer protection from criminal legal system involvement for adolescents of color accused of sex offending-evidence of modern and persistent racism rooted in a nation's past.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"447-459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Protection Responses to Domestic Violence Exposure: Co-Occurring Safety Concerns and Investigation Outcomes.","authors":"Rebecca Rebbe, Bryan Victor, Stephanie Cuccaro-Alamin, Lindsey Palmer","doi":"10.1177/10775595241301085","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595241301085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) poses significant risks to children's safety and wellbeing, yet its prevalence and impact on child protection outcomes remains understudied. This study examined administrative data for child protection investigations in Los Angeles County, California between January 2018 and March 2021 to determine the prevalence of CEDV safety concerns, associated case characteristics, and child protection outcomes (case openings and foster care placements). Results indicated that 5.9% of investigations had CEDV concerns and CEDV investigations represented 17.9% of placements. Investigations with CEDV concerns had higher co-occurring indicated safety concerns than investigations without, including substance abuse (31.1%) and mental health (14.2%). Investigation outcomes for those with CEDV concerns included the substantiation of more than one individual (36.6%), while 28.4% resulted in case openings (without placement) and 30.2% resulted in placements. The study underscores the importance of moving beyond punitive frameworks and exploring the use evidence-based service planning to address the complex needs of families affected by CEDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"486-498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Material in Peer-to-Peer Networks and Predictors of its Severity: Insights From Filenames.","authors":"Theodore P Cross, Elizabeth M Cross, Camille Cooper, Daphne Pellegrino, Glen Pounder, Stefan Turkheimer, Simon Bailey","doi":"10.1177/10775595251314035","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595251314035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet has empowered millions of perpetrators who create and consume <i>child sexual abuse material</i> (CSAM), the current term replacing <i>child pornography.</i> In this study, we coded data from a random sample of 2980 filenames from files shared in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks from U.S. IP addresses in 2021. Most filenames referenced girls and just under half referenced children aged 5 to 12. A wide variety of child races, ethnicities and nationalities were referenced. Over half of filenames described a sexually abusive act, most of which referenced penetration. The abuse referenced was more severe when filenames referenced children under the age of 13, both girls and boys, incest, and/or children or youth of color. The findings underline the harm to children from CSAM, suggest the value of a racial justice perspective on CSAM, and support the need to search for CSAM as part of contact child sexual abuse investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of University-Based Scientific Research Institutions With a Non-Independent Parallel System.","authors":"Junming Guo, Chuanbin Liu, Han Zhang, Dan Wang, Jintao Lu","doi":"10.1177/0193841X241312823","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0193841X241312823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance management in university-based scientific research institutions is essential for driving reform, advancing education quality, and fostering innovation. However, current performance evaluation models often focus solely on research indicators, neglecting the critical interdependence between the education and research systems. This oversight leads to inefficiencies in resource allocation and an underestimation of overall institutional performance, particularly in universities with varying development levels. To address these deficiencies, this study introduces two innovative two-stage data envelopment analysis models: the group-frontier and meta-frontier evaluation models. The findings are validated using data from 144 universities across China. They demonstrate that the proposed models effectively mitigate the underestimation of efficiency in traditional models and accurately reflect the intertwined nature of university subsystems and the disparities in university development. These results offer valuable insights for improving the performance of scientific research institutions and informing the strategic decisions of university administrators and government education departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":47533,"journal":{"name":"Evaluation Review","volume":" ","pages":"678-707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness of Exercise Physiologists, Physiotherapists and Other Allied Health Professionals to Respond to Gender-Based Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Lauren Wheatley, Simon Rosenbaum, Chiara Mastrogiovanni, Michelle Pebole, Ruth Wells, Susan Rees, Scott Teasdale, Grace McKeon","doi":"10.1177/10778012241257245","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10778012241257245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experiencing gender-based violence (GBV) is associated with health conditions that are common indications for referral to exercise physiologists, physiotherapists and other allied health professionals (AHPs). The readiness of AHPs to identify and respond to GBV is currently unknown. This study aimed to determine the readiness of AHPs to respond to a person who had experienced GBV. Participants completed the modified Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) and/or an interview. The AHPs felt underprepared, had low perceived knowledge and lacked confidence to respond to and support people who have experienced GBV, despite recognition of the importance and agreement of the relevance to AHPs' practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23606,"journal":{"name":"Violence Against Women","volume":" ","pages":"2730-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the turnover intention of social workers: A meta-analysis","authors":"Yukun Li, Shu Li, Haibo Qin","doi":"10.1177/00208728251353695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00208728251353695","url":null,"abstract":"The high turnover rate of social workers is an extremely serious problem. This meta-analysis comprehensively examines the predictors of turnover intention among social workers, synthesising findings from 29 studies involving 34,071 participants. The results of the study show that social workers’ turnover intention is more related to job content and work environment factors. We also propose a framework for predicting the strength of the relationship between predictors and turnover intention, aiming to help social work researchers and practitioners better understand turnover intention and retain social workers.","PeriodicalId":47606,"journal":{"name":"International Social Work","volume":"47 21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National mission or a ‘civilizing mission’? Birthrates, perceptions, and East–West relations in Mandatory Palestine","authors":"Lilach Rosenberg-Friedman","doi":"10.1080/00263206.2025.2536164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2025.2536164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47118,"journal":{"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can integrating life cycle assessment with optimization modeling identify strategies for produced water reuse in offshore oilfield explorations and production? Model development and testing","authors":"Houda Majid Al Zarkani ,&nbsp;Mutasem El-Fadel","doi":"10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eiar.2025.108097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Produced water (PW) created at a rate of nearly four folds the raw oil extracted, constitutes the largest volume of wastewater generated in oil exploration and extraction processes, requiring sustainable management practices to mitigate associated environmental and economic impacts. This study develops an integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-optimization model that incorporates both economic and environmental aspects, including environmental externalities and reuse credits, to evaluate and compare disposal and reuse strategies for sustainable produced water (PW) management in offshore oilfield operations. The analysis demonstrates that existing common practices of conventional treatment, combined with offshore deep-well injection, exhibit the highest environmental footprint and economic burden. Advanced treatment, coupled with internal or external reuse strategies, emerged as the most competitive option only when environmental externalities and credits were considered. The study validates the proposed LCA-optimization modeling approach for identifying effective reuse strategies and corresponding benefits that enhance PW management in offshore oilfields. It equally highlights the significance of aligning economic incentives with environmental credits to develop sustainable strategies while mitigating associated environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":309,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 108097"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards sustainable land management: A regional perspective for a comprehensive Land Degradation Assessment","authors":"Aarabhi Nambiar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Firoz C ,&nbsp;Sruthi Krishnan V","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable land management (SLM) is crucial for mitigating land degradation (LD), restoring degraded areas, and ensuring the optimal use of land resources for the benefit of both present and future generations. LD adversely affects agriculture, water resources, and vegetation, thus compromising regional sustainability. Despite the availability of several planning tools, there is a lack of an integrated, multi-level assessment that incorporates both top-down and bottom-up approaches with inclusive, data-driven decision-making. Moreover, the potential of geospatial databases at the community level remains largely unexplored. This study proposes a methodological framework for evaluating LD, identifying areas most susceptible, and supporting evidence-based land use planning. A three-tier assessment at the macro, meso, and micro levels is introduced, and the macro-level assessment is attempted in the district of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. The comprehensive degradation assessment adopted a weighted overlay technique based on principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the 26 critical variables identified through a systematic literature review. Cluster and hotspot analyses were performed to determine the drivers of degradation and areas requiring immediate intervention. Findings reveal that approximately 65 % of the total area falls within the ‘Medium to Very High degradation’ category when classified by varying intensity, ranging from ‘Very low’ to ‘Very high’. Moreover, 36.3 % of the degraded land is identified as hotspots, many of which intersect with environmentally sensitive zones. Cluster analysis divided the region into five distinct zones, which showed the spatial variation in drivers of degradation, highlighting the need for further study to develop context-specific strategies for SLM. The proposed methodological framework can be adapted to similar contexts, and the generated baseline data can be used for future development plans, considering the socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The research provides a foundation for future LD assessments in various contexts to develop targeted land management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17933,"journal":{"name":"Land Use Policy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}