法学最新文献_第5页

Democratic elections and anti-immigration attitudes 民主选举和反移民态度

IF 3.6 1区社会学

Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/00223433251352660

Miguel Carreras, Sofia Vera, Giancarlo Visconti

{"title":"Democratic elections and anti-immigration attitudes","authors":"Miguel Carreras, Sofia Vera, Giancarlo Visconti","doi":"10.1177/00223433251352660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433251352660","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic elections are ritualized and institutionalized processes that allow for the peaceful resolution of political disagreements and conflicts. However, electoral processes also serve as focal points in which right-wing political parties can adopt a negative (or xenophobic) discourse against immigrants and other minority groups in order to obtain political benefits (i.e. more electoral support). Left-wing parties are often better off abandoning the immigration issue and focusing on other policy areas during the campaign. As a result, anti-immigration narratives become more prominent during periods of election salience. In this article, we take advantage of the timing of the cross-national post-election surveys included in the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) to explore the effects of election salience on individuals’ anti-immigration attitudes. We find that immigration attitudes become more polarized just after an election has taken place. On the one hand, right-wing respondents exhibit more negative attitudes toward immigrants when the election is salient, but those negative views decrease as we move away from the election. On the other hand, left-wing respondents express lower levels of xenophobia immediately after the election, but their immigration views become more negative as time since the election increases. Surprisingly, these effects are only detectable in contexts where the immigration issue is less salient.","PeriodicalId":48324,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engagement With Biodiversity: Are Farmers Different From the Wider Community? 参与生物多样性：农民与更广泛的社区不同吗？

IF 2.3 3区社会学

RURAL SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.70020

Geoff Kaine, Vic Wright

{"title":"Engagement With Biodiversity: Are Farmers Different From the Wider Community?","authors":"Geoff Kaine, Vic Wright","doi":"10.1111/ruso.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.70020","url":null,"abstract":"The damaging effects agriculture has on the environment have resulted, increasingly, in conflict between the urban community and farmers. The extent to which this conflict might be resolved depends, in part, on whether farmers and the wider community differ in their degree of concern for the environment. We measured the engagement of farmers and the wider community with biodiversity in New Zealand. We also investigated differences among farmers and the wider community in the antecedents of engagement, such as their involvement and goal intentions with respect to conserving biodiversity. We found that farmers and the wider community were similar in their involvement, cognitive engagement, and affective engagement with conserving biodiversity. Both had similar attitudes towards, and goal intentions regarding, conserving biodiversity, but they differed in their behavioral engagement, their behavior towards biodiversity. We found that farmers were more (not less) behaviorally engaged than the wider community. We concluded that the difference between farmers and the wider community in their behavioral engagement with protecting biodiversity was the product of differences in opportunities and opportunity costs related to such behavior. This has implications for the wider community's perception of farmers' motivations and its judgments about what constitutes “good” farming practice from an environmental perspective.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Injustices of Reparations 赔款的不公正

IF 4.3 2区社会学

American Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/ajil.2025.10078

Antony Anghie

{"title":"The Injustices of Reparations","authors":"Antony Anghie","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2025.10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2025.10078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The campaign for reparations for colonial violence, slavery, and exploitation is now becoming a global phenomenon, as claims are being pursued in different jurisdictions and international forums.<span>1</span> Each of these claims has its own specific legal character because of various factors including the forum in which it is brought, the applicable law, and the identity of the plaintiffs. Nevertheless, many reparations claims are based on appeals to international law, to developments in international human rights law and international criminal law, and specific prohibitions on slavery and genocide. It would appear intuitive that international law would provide remedies to the blatant injustices that are the subject of these claims. Slavery and exploitation have been denounced in the Durban Declaration<span>2</span> and genocide and crimes against humanity including apartheid and other such practices are listed in the statute of the International Criminal Court.<span>3</span> International law, however, has been largely a creation of the European powers; and historically, the law has facilitated rather than remedied colonial violence.<span>4</span> It is unsurprising then that many claims for reparations encounter some basic legal obstacles.<span>5</span> This is hardly coincidental. A legal system that is based on conquest will not readily permit an inquiry into its imperial origins, far less remedies for the injustices it permitted, indeed, mandated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of land privatization on pasture productivity in south-eastern Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦东南部土地私有化对牧场生产力的影响

IF 5.9 1区社会学

Land Use Policy Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107741

Eduard Bukin , Sarah Robinson , Martin Petrick

{"title":"The effects of land privatization on pasture productivity in south-eastern Kazakhstan","authors":"Eduard Bukin , Sarah Robinson , Martin Petrick","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on rich cadastral data we examine the effects of three decades of land privatization on pasture productivity in southern Kazakhstan. We assemble a balanced panel of 16 thousand plots representing cadastral parcels on pastures over 24 years along with their date of ‘allocation’ (formal registration in the cadastre) and tenure category, as well as a set of remotely sensed geographic and climatic variables. The causal effect of land allocation to users is isolated from other factors driving biomass change using a difference-in-difference design with a staggered absorbing treatment and heterogeneous treatment effects accounting for spatial spillovers. Results show that allocation of leasehold titles to individual farmers has a strongly negative effect on the pasture vegetation measured by annual peak Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), comparable to a drought occurring once in 25 years. We explain this by increasing vegetation offtake that follows land allocation to individual farmers, who invest by increasing their herd size. This effect is exacerbated by spillover from the allocation to individuals of adjacent parcels, reducing available grazing for former users. The negative spillovers suggest that the ability of the tenure system to redistribute land is being tested now by rapidly increasing livestock numbers. We warn that currently restricted land markets with imperfect institutions impede the efficient allocation of pasture in Kazakhstan and may lead to pasture deterioration, whilst livestock numbers increase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17933,"journal":{"name":"Land Use Policy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of urban vitality studies: Trends and research opportunities 城市活力研究的系统回顾：趋势与研究机遇

IF 5.9 1区社会学

Land Use Policy Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107745

Quang Cuong Doan , Xiaohu Zhang

{"title":"A systematic review of urban vitality studies: Trends and research opportunities","authors":"Quang Cuong Doan , Xiaohu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban vitality serves as a crucial indicator of sustainable city development. However, little is known about trends and potential research opportunities in urban vitality. Thus, this paper systematically reviews urban vitality studies to synthesize research themes and identify key research directions. Specifically, we provide an overview of the main topics, methods, and data in related studies, summarizing findings and pinpointing areas for further investigation. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, we identified 191 relevant studies from 941 peer-reviewed articles. Results revealed that Southern Europe and East Asia emerged as the most extensively researched geographic regions, with China featuring prominently in the number of urban vitality studies. Our review identifies urban vitality measurement (35.6 %) and its associated factors (64.4 %) as primary research themes. It also highlights a tendency in current studies to overlook assessment biases stemming from urban functions and seasonal variations. While the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment receives ample attention, the impacts of urban vitality on sustainability (environmental, social, and economic issues) remain less elucidated. Furthermore, we observe that previous studies of influencing factors on urban vitality often rely on linear models, neglecting nonlinearity, interactions among factors, and causality. We also note a shift from traditional data sources to big data, allowing scholars to assess urban vitality more comprehensively. We thus discussed potential research directions for future studies. This paper advances understanding of urban vitality research by delineating trends, gaps and identifying avenues for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17933,"journal":{"name":"Land Use Policy","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jus Cogens and Reparations: Can We Just End the Separation? 强制法和赔偿：我们能结束分离吗？

IF 4.3 2区社会学

American Journal of International Law Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/ajil.2025.10079

Dire Tladi

{"title":"Jus Cogens and Reparations: Can We Just End the Separation?","authors":"Dire Tladi","doi":"10.1017/ajil.2025.10079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2025.10079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between international law on reparations and <span>jus cogens</span> is an uneasy one. The law on reparations is a settled part of classical international law, with roots so deep that its place in international law is taken for granted.<span>1</span> The oft-quoted dictum in the 1928 <span>Chorzów Factory</span> case which sets out the requirement for reparation to “as far as possible, wipe out all the consequences of [an] illegal act and re-establish the situation” which would have existed but for the unlawful act was said, at the time, to be based on “international practice and … decisions of arbitral tribunals.”<span>2</span> The same is not true of <span>jus cogens</span>, a relatively new entrant to the mainstream of international law, whose pedigree in the system is less assured, and whose <span>application,</span> as opposed to mere references, by international courts is almost non-existent.<span>3</span> Yet, at the same time, at the heart of both reparations and <span>jus cogens</span>, is the notion of justice. The idea of undoing the effects of a wrongful act is intrinsically about (re)balancing the scales, while the notion of <span>jus cogens</span> seeks to infuse the system of international law with community values and a spirit of justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47841,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of International Law","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voice, silence and privilege in the neoliberal university: The ‘irresponsibility’ of Gender and Women's Studies pedagogies in higher education in India 新自由主义大学中的声音、沉默与特权：印度高等教育中性别与妇女研究教学法的“不负责任”

IF 1.9 3区社会学

Womens Studies International Forum Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103198

Maria Tsouroufli , A. Tambe , O. Filippakou , S. Shankar

{"title":"Voice, silence and privilege in the neoliberal university: The ‘irresponsibility’ of Gender and Women's Studies pedagogies in higher education in India","authors":"Maria Tsouroufli , A. Tambe , O. Filippakou , S. Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we focus on the Indian higher education context, where expansion of Gender and Women's Studies (GWS), as well as institutional and national gender equality policies have not resulted in unsettling intersectional injustices in educational participation and practice. We draw on qualitative data (interviews with staff and focus groups with students) from a mixed-methods study aiming to advance gender equality. Gender and Women's Studies pedagogies were imbued with professionalizing gender, depoliticising criticality and individualising gender equality. Gender sensitising rather than engaging with the affective dimensions of hegemonic power and knowledge, and silencing mechanisms against marginalized groups, implicated in classroom and institutional politics, affirmed privileged subjectivities and diverted from a pedagogical ethic of speaking, listening and participating responsibly in education and society. A shift to pedagogies of discomfort and for democratic citizenship might facilitate intellectual and political activism and alleviate some of the ‘irresponsibility’ of neo-liberalised Gender and Women's Studies in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guestworker Schemes in Pacific Island Countries: Triple Wins but Social Costs? 太平洋岛国的外来工计划：三赢但有社会成本？

IF 2.1 3区社会学

International Migration Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/imig.70085

Kirstie Petrou, John Connell

{"title":"Guestworker Schemes in Pacific Island Countries: Triple Wins but Social Costs?","authors":"Kirstie Petrou, John Connell","doi":"10.1111/imig.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Guestworker schemes have increased in geographical extent and numerical importance in the twenty-first century. In the southern hemisphere, Australia and New Zealand developed schemes primarily drawing workers from small Pacific island states to meet horticultural needs. Proponents of guestwork pointed to a triple win for farmers, workers and source countries, couched in economic terms. In small Pacific states, such economic gains were less evident at workers' household level, while growing numbers of participants created increased social problems for workers' households and source countries, evident especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased demand for workers in destination states and new geopolitical tensions in the region enabled Pacific states to demand structural changes to the schemes that would remedy social costs. However, Antipodean schemes retained the structural problems of guestworker schemes elsewhere, but emphasised by skill losses, a permanently temporary precariat, and impacts affecting the entirety of small states that challenge the simplicity and ubiquity of ‘Triple win’ discourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48011,"journal":{"name":"International Migration","volume":"63 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imig.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving regulatory alignment for E2E autonomous driving in China: A framework for tort liability and data governance 实现中国端到端自动驾驶的监管一致性：侵权责任和数据治理框架

IF 3.2 3区社会学

Computer Law & Security Review Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106192

Chuyi Wei , Jingchen Zhao , Li Sun

引用次数: 0

Teaching Sexual Consent With a Narrative-Based Card Game. 在基于叙述的纸牌游戏中教授性同意。

IF 1.7 3区社会学

Violence Against Women Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/10778012251372554

Caleb Probst

引用次数: 0