法学最新文献_第4页

The impact of Brexit on SME lending in the UK 英国脱欧对英国中小企业贷款的影响

IF 5.1 1区社会学

Journal of Rural Studies Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103683

Cem Soner , Rasha Alsakka , Noemi Mantovan

{"title":"The impact of Brexit on SME lending in the UK","authors":"Cem Soner , Rasha Alsakka , Noemi Mantovan","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a difference-in-differences model, we find a significant 1.2 % (4.8 %) quarterly (annual) lending contraction to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the UK following the Brexit vote compared to similar European countries. This impact persisted in several quarters, particularly during key Brexit milestones, reflecting the prolonged uncertainty induced by Brexit. Within-country analysis, using postcode-level data, reveals severe loan contractions in rural and peripheral areas, as well as in regions with high EU export proportions, highlighting regional disparities in Brexit's impact on SME lending. Our findings emphasize the importance of economic geography and the role of local conditions in shaping access to finance during shocks. These results call for regionally tailored policies that specifically address the resilience and financial challenges faced by SMEs in rural and peripheral regions, to foster economic recovery across the UK in the post-Brexit era. Our research contributes to the literature on regional resilience and finance, with implications for policymakers aiming to mitigate the unequal impacts of economic shocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From cow sense to data sense: hybrid epistemologies on US dairy farms 从奶牛意识到数据意识：美国奶牛场的混合认识论

IF 5.1 1区社会学

Journal of Rural Studies Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103691

Jaime Barrett , David Lansing

{"title":"From cow sense to data sense: hybrid epistemologies on US dairy farms","authors":"Jaime Barrett , David Lansing","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2025.103691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data technologies are increasingly being adopted by the dairy industry to manage animal health. While some have hailed the adoption of such technologies into agriculture as transformative, critical data and agriculture scholars have suggested that big data has the potential to displace further the situational knowledge of farmers. Others suggest that these technologies simultaneously catalyze forms of relational agency, but also forms of resistance, where the lived experiences of farmers and cattle can hinder technology's effectiveness. With these critiques in mind, we assess how data technologies are put into practice on dairy farms. Drawing on interviews with producers and key advisers, we found that adoption is not seamless, and often fails to deliver on promises of labor and animal health optimization. The adoption of big data technologies can be confounded by cow and bacteria physiology, by the farm's existing infrastructure, and by the attitudes and knowledge base of farmers. These barriers to data technology adoption have produced hybrid epistemologies around animal health. This involves an uneasy and provisional blending of experiential and analytical methods, objective and subjective reasoning, and an ongoing tempering of the promise of greater optimization with the material realities of dairy farming. These hybrid epistemologies require people with the situational awareness to perform the hidden labor necessary to make the data useful for a given farm site. Despite adoption difficulties, dairy farmers continue to engage with data technologies, but the value of experience endures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural Studies","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 103691"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative AI and the future of marketing: A consumer protection perspective 生成式人工智能与营销的未来：消费者保护的视角

IF 3.3 3区社会学

Computer Law & Security Review Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106141

Bram Duivenvoorde

{"title":"Generative AI and the future of marketing: A consumer protection perspective","authors":"Bram Duivenvoorde","doi":"10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clsr.2025.106141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative AI has the potential to be the biggest disruption in marketing since the emergence of digital commerce in the early 2000s. This article will focus on three ways in which generative AI is expected to change marketing. First, generative AI enables companies to automatically create advertising copy and images, potentially leading to significant cost reductions. Secondly, generative AI offers possibilities to improve and automate personalised marketing, potentially enabling companies to send the right persuasive message at the right time to each potential customer. Thirdly, generative AI potentially offers possibilities to market products to consumers via generative AI chatbots. These developments offer potential advantages but also bear risks for consumers. For example, deepfakes in advertising can mislead consumers, AI-generated personalised marketing can exploit consumer vulnerabilities, and B2C chatbots can deceive consumers by providing biased advice. This article shows that EU law does in principle provide protection to consumers in relation to AI-generated marketing, but is also likely to fall short in effectively protecting consumers against the identified risks in several ways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51516,"journal":{"name":"Computer Law & Security Review","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 106141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the horizon: Evidence of management deficiencies in UK offshore protected areas 超越地平线：英国近海保护区管理缺陷的证据

IF 3.5 2区社会学

Marine Policy Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741

T. Bridier, H. Wauchope, J. Vad

{"title":"Beyond the horizon: Evidence of management deficiencies in UK offshore protected areas","authors":"T. Bridier, H. Wauchope, J. Vad","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Management effectiveness assessments are crucial to improve the quality of Protected Areas (PA), however, offshore ecosystems suffer from a lack of accessibility and funding and are under-evaluated. As a result, the status of UK offshore protected areas is unclear. Here we evaluate how effectively these are being managed using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) which has never been applied to UK offshore protected areas. As bottom fishing is one of the primary threats to marine habitats and ecosystems, scores were evaluated in the context of bottom fishing restrictions. Overall, the management of the 76 UK PAs averaged 37.7 %, below global averages from previous studies. Across the four METT categories, PAs scored best in their ‘Design and Planning’; however, this did not translate into outcomes, with deficiencies in ‘Decision-making Arrangements’, ‘Delivery of PA Objectives’ and ‘Management Systems and Processes’. This raises concerns over whether these PAs are ‘paper parks’. Only larger and older PAs had significantly higher management effectiveness. Further, just 11 % of the total protected offshore area is strictly protected from bottom fishing and trawling. The deficiencies identified in this study are a result of both the original design and current management of the offshore PA network in the UK and signal the importance of solutions such as increasing integrated and adaptive management, implementing climate change and connectivity considerations and introducing buffer zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48427,"journal":{"name":"Marine Policy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 106741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Shorten Version of the 22-Item Level of Self-Criticism Scale: Using Item Response Theory and Factor Analysis 用项目反应理论和因子分析法编制22项自我批评精简版

IF 1.8 4区社会学

Research on Social Work Practice Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/10497315251335256

Ming Yu Claudia Wong, Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Janet Yuen-Ha Wong, Hong Wang Fung

{"title":"Development of a Shorten Version of the 22-Item Level of Self-Criticism Scale: Using Item Response Theory and Factor Analysis","authors":"Ming Yu Claudia Wong, Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Janet Yuen-Ha Wong, Hong Wang Fung","doi":"10.1177/10497315251335256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315251335256","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Excessive self-criticism, along with negative self-evaluation and perceived unfavorable judgments from others, often leads to emotional distress. The Levels of Self-Criticism (LOSC) scale identifies two distinct forms of self-criticism: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism, yet with varying psychometric stability across different populations. Method This study developed a shortened, psychometrically robust version of the LOSC by employing item response theory (IRT) and factor analysis to enhance the practicality and reliability of the scale. Results 415 participants completed the baseline survey, and 232 completed the post-test, engaging 83% of females with Mage = 39.73. IRT analysis eliminated 11 items, with the remaining items demonstrating optimal item performance and significant concurrent validity with related measures. This shortened LOSC showed strong test–retest reliability and construct validity. Discussion This streamlined scale provides a precise tool for assessing self-criticism, contributing to better psychological practice and research.","PeriodicalId":47993,"journal":{"name":"Research on Social Work Practice","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Theory-Driven Approach to Fake News/Information Disorder Analysis and Explanation via Target-Based Emotion–Stance Analysis (TESA) and Interpretive Graph Generation (IGG) 基于目标情绪立场分析（TESA）和解释图生成（IGG）的假新闻/信息混乱分析与解释的理论驱动方法

IF 4.1 2区社会学

Social Science Computer Review Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/08944393251338403

Xingyu Ken Chen, Jin-Cheon Na

{"title":"A Theory-Driven Approach to Fake News/Information Disorder Analysis and Explanation via Target-Based Emotion–Stance Analysis (TESA) and Interpretive Graph Generation (IGG)","authors":"Xingyu Ken Chen, Jin-Cheon Na","doi":"10.1177/08944393251338403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393251338403","url":null,"abstract":"Information disorder (IDO) presents a persistent challenge to society, necessitating innovative approaches to understanding its dynamics beyond just merely detecting it. This study introduces a theory-driven framework that integrates advanced natural language processing (NLP) with deep learning, utilizing the target-based emotion–stance analysis (TESA) approach to analyze emotion and stance dynamics within IDO content. Complementing TESA, interactive graph generation (IGG) is applied for scalable and interpretable qualitative analyses. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study leverages TESA for target-centric emotion and stance analysis, evaluating target-based classifiers on both human-annotated and synthetic datasets. Additionally, the study explores synthetic data generation using generative AI to enrich the analysis, applying IGG to map complex data interactions. The study also found that integrating synthetic data developed from human annotations enhanced model performance, particularly for emotion classification tasks. Results demonstrate that IDO narratives significantly differ from non-IDO narratives, frequently leveraging negative emotions such as anger and disgust to manipulate public perception. TESA proved effective in capturing these nuanced variations, while IGG facilitated the triangulation of such findings via the scalable interpretation of emotional narratives, revealing that IDO content often amplifies polarizing and antagonistic perspectives. By combining TESA and IGG, this research emphasizes the importance of using NLP to extract and examine the emotional and stance nuances toward targets of interest within IDO context. This approach not only deepens theoretical insights into IDO’s persuasive mechanisms but also supports the development of practical tools for analyzing and managing the influence of IDO on public discourse.","PeriodicalId":49509,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Computer Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unique Considerations for Forensic Interviews With Adolescents: An Exploration of Expert Interviewers' Perspectives. 与青少年进行法证访谈的独特考虑因素：对专家访谈者观点的探讨。

IF 4.5 2区社会学

Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241270046

Sarah L Deck, Jodi A Quas, Martine B Powell

{"title":"Unique Considerations for Forensic Interviews With Adolescents: An Exploration of Expert Interviewers' Perspectives.","authors":"Sarah L Deck, Jodi A Quas, Martine B Powell","doi":"10.1177/10775595241270046","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595241270046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although adolescents are at elevated risk of sexual victimisation, very limited research has focused on how best to interview suspected adolescent victims. The current study was conducted to lay the groundwork for the development of best-practice interviewing approaches with adolescents when sexual victimisation is suspected. Expert interviewers with experience and knowledge in interviewing suspected adolescent victims were asked about common challenges they encounter with adolescent interviewees and how they tailor their interviews for this population. The findings indicated that adolescents are often reluctant to disclose, and the strategies the interviewers use to meet the unique needs of adolescents hinge on respecting each adolescent as a relatively autonomous and independent person. Identifying which strategies expert interviewers use is a fruitful starting point for future experimental research that can test and ultimately develop evidence-based practices for this population, which is necessary to help interviewers interact with suspected adolescent victims in ways that align with their psychosocial and cognitive maturity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"229-241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life Course Models of Child Maltreatment: Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample. 儿童虐待的生命历程模型：纵向样本对一般精神病理学结果的影响》（Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample.

IF 4.5 2区社会学

Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241270076

Dylan R Wong, Kristen G Anderson

{"title":"Life Course Models of Child Maltreatment: Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample.","authors":"Dylan R Wong, Kristen G Anderson","doi":"10.1177/10775595241270076","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595241270076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study compared life course models (LCM; accumulation, recency, and sensitive period) of child maltreatment and general psychopathology in a large, national longitudinal data set of 1354 youth ages birth-16 years (657 boys, 53.2% Black, 59.7% <$40K caregiver income). Previous research has supported the accumulation and recency models, albeit with shorter or fewer time periods of outcome measurement. We extend this work by modeling the impact of combined abuse and neglect allegations on a general psychopathology factor (dysregulation profile). Cross-sectional structural equation models were constructed using LCMs and tested across two-year periods from 4-16 years old and compared using Akaike Information Criterion weights. The recency variable generally explained the greatest proportion of variance in psychopathology. Notably, maltreatment more proximal to the time of outcome measurement had the strongest effect, suggesting that more recent maltreatment may have stronger effects on general psychopathology. These results lend support to a recency effect of maltreatment on psychopathology outcomes, although substantive overlaps with the accumulation model are noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"318-330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applying a Racial Lens to the "Cycle of Violence". 从种族角度看待 "暴力循环"。

IF 4.5 2区社会学

Child Maltreatment Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241272040

Cathy Spatz Widom, Maureen Allwood, Preeti Chauhan, Xuechen Li, Kellie Courtney, Funlola G Are

{"title":"Applying a Racial Lens to the \"Cycle of Violence\".","authors":"Cathy Spatz Widom, Maureen Allwood, Preeti Chauhan, Xuechen Li, Kellie Courtney, Funlola G Are","doi":"10.1177/10775595241272040","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10775595241272040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One overlooked result in a 1989 <i>Science</i> paper on the \"cycle of violence\" was a race-specific increase in risk for arrest for violence among Black maltreated children, but not White maltreated children. We examine whether race differences in the cycle of violence are explained by risk factors traditionally associated with violence. Using a prospective design, maltreated and non-maltreated children were matched on age, sex, race, and approximate family social class and interviewed at mean age 28.7 years (<i>N</i> = 1196). Arrest histories were obtained through age 50.5. Regression analyses included maltreatment, race, self-reported violent behavior, and risk factors (e.g., family, school, neighborhood variables). For arrests for violent crime, race was a significant predictor, whereas childhood maltreatment was not significant. For violent arrests, there was a significant race × maltreatment interaction when the total number of risk factors were included controlling for self-reported violent behaviors. For self-reported violent behaviors, childhood maltreatment remained significant for some risk factors. However, race did <u>not</u> predict self-reported violent behaviors. Offending behavior and traditional risk factors did not explain the disproportionate arrests among Black maltreated children. This disparity in the cycle of violence may reflect complex processes influenced by racial bias or structural racism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48052,"journal":{"name":"Child Maltreatment","volume":" ","pages":"195-207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhoods, violence, and guns: Unraveling the drivers of youth gun carrying in adjudicated populations 社区、暴力和枪支：在裁决人群中解开青少年持枪的驱动因素

IF 3.3 1区社会学

Journal of Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102417

Samantha Kopf , Mitchell Gresham

引用次数: 0