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{"title":"A narrative review of gas separation and conservation technologies during xenon anesthesia.","authors":"Steven McGuigan, Brendan F Abrahams, David A Scott","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00002","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenon gas has significant advantages over conventional general anesthetic agents but its use has been limited by the cost associated with its production. Xenon also has significant potential for medical use in the treatment of acquired brain injuries and for mental health disorders. As the demand for xenon gas from other industries increases, the costs associated with its medical use are only likely to increase. One solution to mitigate the significant cost of xenon use in research or medical care is the conservation of xenon gas. During delivery of xenon anesthesia, this can be achieved either by separating xenon from the other gases within the anesthetic circuit, conserving xenon and allowing other gases to be excluded from the circuit, or by selectively recapturing xenon utilized during the anesthetic episode at the conclusion of the case. Several technologies, including the pressurization and cooling of gas mixtures, the utilization of gas selective membranes and the utilization of gas selective adsorbents have been described in the literature for this purpose. These techniques are described in this narrative review along with important clinical context that informs how these technologies might be best applied. Whilst these technologies are discussed in the context of xenon general anesthesia, they could be applied in the delivery of xenon gas inhalation for other therapeutic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide: a rising star for cancer treatment.","authors":"Zixin Wang, Yin Wang","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00016","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"114-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency department visits in California associated with wildfire PM_2.5: differing risk across individuals and communities.","authors":"Jennifer D Stowell, Ian Sue Wing, Yasmin Romitti, Patrick L Kinney, Gregory A Wellenius","doi":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad976d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2752-5309/ad976d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The threats to human health from wildfires and wildfire smoke (WFS) in the United States (US) are increasing due to continued climate change. A growing body of literature has documented important adverse health effects of WFS exposure, but there is insufficient evidence regarding how risk related to WFS exposure varies across individual or community level characteristics. To address this evidence gap, we utilized a large nationwide database of healthcare utilization claims for emergency department (ED) visits in California across multiple wildfire seasons (May through November, 2012-2019) and quantified the health impacts of fine particulate matter <2.5 <i>μ</i>m (PM_2.5) air pollution attributable to WFS, overall and among subgroups of the population. We aggregated daily counts of ED visits to the level of the Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) and used a time-stratified case-crossover design and distributed lag non-linear models to estimate the association between WFS and relative risk of ED visits. We further assessed how the association with WFS varied across subgroups defined by age, race, social vulnerability, and residential air conditioning (AC) prevalence. Over a 7 day period, PM_2.5 from WFS was associated with elevated risk of ED visits for all causes (1.04% (0.32%, 1.71%)), non-accidental causes (2.93% (2.16%, 3.70%)), and respiratory disease (15.17% (12.86%, 17.52%)), but not with ED visits for cardiovascular diseases (1.06% (-1.88%, 4.08%)). Analysis across subgroups revealed potential differences in susceptibility by age, race, and AC prevalence, but not across subgroups defined by ZCTA-level Social Vulnerability Index scores. These results suggest that PM_2.5 from WFS is associated with higher rates of all cause, non-accidental, and respiratory ED visits with important heterogeneity across certain subgroups. Notably, lower availability of residential AC was associated with higher health risks related to wildfire activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72938,"journal":{"name":"Environmental research, health : ERH","volume":"3 1","pages":"015002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Steatosis in Preventing Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure After Major Resection: Findings From an Animal Study.","authors":"Andrea Lund, Mikkel T Thomsen, Jakob Kirkegård, Anders R Knudsen, Kasper J Andersen, Michelle Meier, Jens R Nyengaard, Frank V Mortensen","doi":"10.1016/j.jceh.2024.102453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2024.102453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and hepatic steatosis are evident shortly after extensive partial hepatectomy (PH) in rodents. This study aimed to extrapolate the protein expression and biological pathways involved in recovering PHLF (rPHLF) and non-recovering PHLF (nrPHLF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats were randomly assigned to 90% PH or sham surgery. rPHLF was distinguished from nrPHLF using a quantitative scoring system. The sham (n = 6), rPHLF (n = 8), and nrPHLF (n = 13) groups were compared 24 h post-PH. Proteomics was used to assess protein variations and to investigate differentially regulated biological pathways. Stereological methods were used to quantify hepatic lipid content. The plasma triglyceride levels were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rPHLF demonstrated substantial downregulation of proteins involved in lipid metabolism compared to nrPHLF (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Several proteins associated with lipogenesis, beta-oxidation, lipolysis, membrane trafficking, and inhibition of cell proliferation were markedly downregulated in rPHLF.The hepatic lipid proportion was significantly higher for rPHLF (61% of hepatocyte volume, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48%-82%) than for nrPHLF (32% of hepatocyte volume, 95% CI: 22%-39%). The median lipid volume per hepatocyte in rPHLF was 2815 μm³ (95% CI: 2208-3774 μm³) and 1759 μm³ in nrPHLF (95% CI: 1188-2134 μm³). Lipid droplets were not detected in the sham-operated rats. No significant differences in plasma triglyceride levels were found between the groups (<i>P</i> > 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The degree of hepatic steatosis is a promising prognostic indicator for early liver regeneration and nrPHLF onset immediately following extensive PH. Intrahepatic lipid accumulation appears to be linked to the coordinated downregulation of proteins integral to lipid metabolism and cellular transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":15479,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"15 2","pages":"102453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11652769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guideline for pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia 2022.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12497","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12497","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e12497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on neural activity in the nucleus accumbens of male mice engaged in social behavior.","authors":"Naoya Nishitani, Yuki Sasaki, Katsuyuki Kaneda","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12510","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a commonly abused recreational drug, induces prosocial effects such as increased sociability and empathy. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been suggested to play a crucial role in these MDMA-mediated prosocial effects. However, the relationship between social behavior and NAc neural activity, and the effects of MDMA on this relationship, remain unknown. In this study, we measured NAc neural activity using fiber photometry and classified the behaviors of mice at times of transient increases in NAc neural activity during the social approach test (SAT). We found that NAc neural activity transiently increased at the onset of turning toward and sniffing novel mice during the SAT, although the frequency of turning was relatively low. We then examined the effects of MDMA on behavior and NAc neural activity and found that MDMA decreased the duration of sniffing per bout but did not alter NAc neural activity at the onset of turning toward or sniffing novel mice. These results suggest that MDMA does not affect the transient increase in NAc neural activity at the onset of social behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e12510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of lemborexant in subjects with insomnia disorder receiving medications for depression or anxiety symptoms.","authors":"Andrew Krystal, Pierre Blier, Larry Culpepper, Andrew A Nierenberg, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Naoki Kubota, Margaret Moline, Manoj Malhotra, Kate Pinner, Jane Yardley","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12509","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Individuals with insomnia frequently have comorbid depression or anxiety. This study sought to provide a preliminary indication of the effects of lemborexant (LEM) in subjects treated for mild depression/anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>E2006-G000-303 (NCT02952820; EudraCT 2015-001463-39; SUNRISE-2) was a 12-month, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study where subjects with insomnia disorder were randomized (1:1:1) to placebo, LEM 5 mg (LEM5), or LEM 10 mg (LEM10) for 6 months. During the second 6 months (not reported), placebo-treated subjects were re-randomized to LEM5 or LEM10. In this post hoc analysis, changes from baseline (CFB) in subject-reported (subjective) sleep onset latency (sSOL), sleep efficiency (sSE), wake after sleep onset (sWASO), total sleep time (sTST), Fatigue Severity Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index were evaluated in subjects treated with medications for symptoms of depression/anxiety (subpopulation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 949 randomized subjects, 61 treated with medications for symptoms of depression/anxiety were included. In the subpopulation, CFB comparing LEM with placebo were generally smaller than the overall population due to a larger placebo response in the subpopulation. However, the magnitudes of CFB within the active treatment groups for sSOL, sWASO, sTST, and sSE were similar between the subpopulation and the overall population. No new safety signals were observed in the subpopulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LEM treatment benefited subjects with insomnia treated with medications for depression/anxiety symptoms, with no new safety signals. A greater placebo response in the subpopulation than in the overall population decreased the drug versus placebo effect size for LEM, as has been reported for other insomnia medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"e12509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological gases, oxidative stress, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders.","authors":"Kenneth Maiese","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00059","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"145-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue disappearance in hemodialysis patients by dual approach with hydrogen gas inhalation and hydrogen-enriched dialysate: two case reports.","authors":"Ryoichi Nakazawa, Shintaro Nagami, Hiroshi Nozaki, Minako Yataka, Kazuhiro Akiyama, Takashi Uchino, Nakanobu Azuma","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00024","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"122-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitric oxide-based treatments improve wound healing associated with diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Khosrow Kashfi, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00020","DOIUrl":"10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-healing wounds are long-term complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) that increase mortality risk and amputation-related disability and decrease the quality of life. Nitric oxide (NO·)-based treatments (i.e., use of both systemic and topical NO· donors, NO· precursors, and NO· inducers) have received more attention as complementary approaches in treatments of DM wounds. Here, we aimed to highlight the potential benefits of NO·-based treatments on DM wounds through a literature review of experimental and clinical evidence. Various topical NO·-based treatments have been used. In rodents, topical NO·-based therapy facilitates wound healing, manifested as an increased healing rate and a decreased half-closure time. The wound healing effect of NO·-based treatments is attributed to increasing local blood flow, angiogenesis induction, collagen synthesis and deposition, re-epithelization, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and potent broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. The existing literature lacks human clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of NO·-based treatments for DM wounds. Translating experimental favors of NO·-based treatments of DM wounds into human clinical practice needs conducting clinical trials with well-predefined effect sizes, i.e., wound reduction area, rate of wound healing, and hospital length of stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":18559,"journal":{"name":"Medical Gas Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}