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{"title":"Causal Associations of Cognitive Reserve and Hierarchical Aging-Related Outcomes: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Yanyan Li, Zhenhuang Zhuang, Huaxin Si, Qinqin Liu, Jiaqi Yu, Wendie Zhou, Tao Huang, Cuili Wang","doi":"10.1177/10998004241274271","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10998004241274271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were used to explore the causal effects of cognitive reserve proxies, such as educational attainment, occupational attainment, and physical activity (PA), on biological (leukocyte telomere length), phenotypic (sarcopenia-related features), and functional (frailty index and cognitive performance) aging levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Educational attainment had a potential protective effect on the telomere length (<i>β</i> = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.08-0.11), sarcopenia-related features (<i>β</i> = 0.04-0.24, 95% CI: 0.02-0.27), frailty risk (<i>β</i> = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.28), cognitive performance (<i>β</i> = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75-0.80). Occupational attainment was causally related with sarcopenia-related features (<i>β</i> = 0.07-0.10, 95% CI: 0.05-0.14), and cognitive performance (<i>β</i> = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.24-0.36). Device-measured PA was potentially associated with one sarcopenia-related feature (<i>β</i> = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.25).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the potential causality of educational attainment on biological, phenotypic, and functional aging outcomes, of occupational attainment on phenotypic and functional aging-related outcomes, and of PA on phenotypic aging-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93901,"journal":{"name":"Biological research for nursing","volume":" ","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Like Father like Daughter: Surgical Redo Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repairs in a Family With Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.","authors":"Joshua R Chen, Vishal N Shah, Christopher Pritting, Michael Nooromid, Babak Abai, Konstadinos Plestis","doi":"10.1177/15385744241279139","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15385744241279139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loeys Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder resulting from a mutation in the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR) family of genes. It is commonly associated with the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections. We report the successful open surgical management of thoracoabdominal aneurysms in a father and daughter with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome after failed endovascular repair. The daughter required stent graft explantation, while the stent graft remained in the father. These cases highlight the importance of early genetic testing of both patients and first-degree family members in those with a strong history of aortic disease, even when there is a lack of typical connective tissue disorder associated physical exam findings and open surgical index operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94265,"journal":{"name":"Vascular and endovascular surgery","volume":" ","pages":"93-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Acute Lower Extremity Ischemia Resulting From Cardiac Myxoma Embolization: A Case Report.","authors":"Pablo M Boada-Sandoval, Héctor Bizueto-Rosas, Luis E Martínez-Bravo","doi":"10.1177/15385744241279653","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15385744241279653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary benign tumors of the heart. The occlusion of peripheral arteries and complete obstruction of the abdominal aorta by a tumor embolus presents with distinct clinical manifestations. Herein, we present the case of a 38-year-old male with acute paresthesia, muscle weakness, erythematous, and violaceous changes in skin color localized to the dorsum of the left forefoot initially treated as cutaneous vasculitis. Further studies revealed the total occlusion of the terminal abdominal aorta by a saddle embolus from a cardiac myxoma. A multidisciplinary team consisting of cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons were involved in treating the patient, which resulted in full resolution of the case. This paper details the progression of acute bilateral limb ischemia to chronic limb threatening ischemia resulting from the total occlusion of the terminal abdominal aorta by a saddle embolus.</p>","PeriodicalId":94265,"journal":{"name":"Vascular and endovascular surgery","volume":" ","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Care Worker Education for Palliative Care in Africa: Narrative Review.","authors":"Claire Beecher, David Holmes","doi":"10.1177/10499091241239645","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10499091241239645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demand for palliative care for terminally ill patients is rising globally. This review examines the potential of health worker education to enhance palliative care in Africa. A search of PubMed yielded 32 relevant articles published in English from 2013 to 2023 focused on African countries with WHO-categorized palliative care development and health care worker training. The findings underscore the pivotal role of health care worker education in elevating palliative care standards. Targeted initiatives equip health care workers with vital skills in pain management, symptom control, and communication. The integration of palliative care into public health systems is important for the sustainability of end-of-life care for terminally ill patients in Africa and around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":94222,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of hospice & palliative care","volume":" ","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facts to Snacks. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Bite-Sized Animations in Teaching Palliative Care to Medical Students.","authors":"Kai Lin Megan Chua, Jin Qi Valerie Chan, Laurence Lean Chin Tan, James Alvin Low","doi":"10.1177/10499091241240053","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10499091241240053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current palliative care training in medical school is inadequate in preparing doctors to provide quality palliative care. Little attention is paid to determining effective methods of training.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the use of bite-sized animations in improving the confidence, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards palliative care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed methods cohort study was adopted for the study. 50 medical students without prior palliative training completed questionnaires before and after watching a 12-part animated palliative care video series called PowerFacts. Of these participants, 18 underwent semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantitative results showed that animations are effective in improving the confidence (<i>P</i> < .001) and knowledge (<i>P</i> < .001), but not the attitudes (<i>P</i> = .183) of medical students. Confidence, knowledge and attitudes were not correlated. Analysis of follow-up interviews of a convenience sample of participants showed that animations can be effective in teaching knowledge and does fill some gaps in palliative education for medical undergraduates. However, the content delivered as a sole learning tool is inadequate in preparing medical students for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All participants achieved level 1 (reaction), some achieved level 2 (learning) but most did not achieve level 3 (behaviour) of the Kirkpatrick's model. There is a need for a multimodal approach in the comprehensive teaching of palliative care in undergraduate medical training to achieve all four levels of the Kirkpatrick Model.</p>","PeriodicalId":94222,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of hospice & palliative care","volume":" ","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique Calcium Metabolism in Zoological Companion Animal Species.","authors":"Megan K Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regardless of species, calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone physiology are intricately linked. However, there are many unique differences between taxa that may affect husbandry recommendations, common disease processes, and effective treatment. This article aims to provide a basic overview of calcium metabolism and physiology then specifically delve into unique attributes of calcium homeostasis in common zoologic companion animal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"179-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Imaging for Assessment of the Endocrine System in Exotic Animals.","authors":"Greta Doden, Alexandre B Le Roux, João Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cvex.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnostic imaging can provide essential evidence supporting the diagnosis of endocrine diseases in exotic companion animals. The specific modality chosen depends on species, specific disease process/organ affected, equipment availability, and often, cost to the owner. While radiography is widely available in veterinary practices, the sensitivity for visualization of endocrine organs is low. Therefore, ultrasonography, computed tomography, or MRI may be preferred. Other specialized imaging modalities are useful for specific disease processes, such as nuclear scintigraphy and PET. This article compiles current evidence for diagnostic imaging of the endocrine system in exotic animals, organized by imaging modality, species, and disease process.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":"15-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia by Sex and Race.","authors":"Kim G Johnson, Cassie Ford, Amy G Clark, Melissa A Greiner, Jay B Lusk, Cody Perry, Richard O'Brien, Emily C O'Brien","doi":"10.1177/08919887241254470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08919887241254470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuropsychiatric symptoms affect the majority of dementia patients. Past studies report high rates of potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications in this population. We investigate differences in neuropsychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a local US cohort by sex and race.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilize Medicare claims and prescription fill records in a cohort of 100% Medicare North and South Carolina beneficiaries ages 50 and above for the year 2017 with a dementia diagnosis. We identify dementia and quantify diagnosis of anxiety, depression and psychosis using validated coding algorithms. We search Medicare claims for antianxiety, antidepressant and antipsychotic medications to determine prescriptions filled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety and depression were diagnosed at higher rates in White patients; psychosis at higher rates in Black patients. (<i>P</i> < .001) Females were diagnosed with anxiety, depression and psychosis at higher rates than males (<i>P</i> < .001) and filled more antianxiety and antidepressant medications than males. (<i>P</i> < .001) Black and Other race patients filled more antipsychotic medications for anxiety, depression and psychosis than White patients. (<i>P</i> < .001) Antidepressants were prescribed at higher rates than antianxiety or antipsychotic medications across all patients and diagnoses. Of patients with no neuropsychiatric diagnosis, 11.4% were prescribed an antianxiety medication, 22.8% prescribed an antidepressant and 7.6% prescribed an antipsychotic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high fill rate of antianxiety (benzodiazepine) medications in dementia patients, especially females is a concern. Patients are prescribed psychotropic medications at high rates. This practice may represent potentially inappropriate prescribing. Patient/caregiver education with innovative community outreach and care delivery models may help decrease medication use.</p>","PeriodicalId":16028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Family Housing Environment and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Manasa Vigneshwar Hegde, Seokyung Park, Xuemei Zhu, Chanam Lee","doi":"10.1177/08901171241254940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08901171241254940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify environmental features of multi-family housing (MFH) and their surrounding neighborhoods that influence residents' physical activity (PA).</p><p><strong>Data source: </strong>Articles published between January 2000 and September 2023 were identified from major social science, medical, health, behavioral science, and urban studies databases.</p><p><strong>Study inclusion and exclusion criteria: </strong>Studies were included if they (a) were empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and written in English; (b) focused on the MFH environment or the surrounding neighborhood; and (c) had at least one PA outcome.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data was extracted regarding the study objective, location, study sample, research design, results related to MFH and neighborhood environment, and limitations.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Descriptive summary of study characteristics and analysis to identify emerging themes at three spatial scales (i.e., building, site<i>,</i> and neighborhood).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from 35 identified articles revealed factors influencing MFH residents' PA. On the building level, typology <i>(apartment, townhouse)</i> and tenure <i>(public, market rent)</i> showed contrasting correlations with PA in different age groups. On the site level, the presence of PA facilities and safe, walking-friendly environments promoted PA. On the neighborhood level, safety, quality of PA and pedestrian infrastructure, upkeep, air quality, aesthetics, neighborhood satisfaction, street connectivity, walkability, land use mix, density, and public transport promoted PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Study findings highlight the importance of the MFH environments in promoting PA, especially in older adults and young children. With increasing housing demand, understanding diverse MFH typologies and the impact of interventions on multi-spatial scales can help promote healthy and activity-friendly communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7481,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Promotion","volume":" ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of hand hygiene compliance in clinical, surgical and intensive care unit wards: results of a second cross-sectional study at the Umberto I teaching hospital of Rome.","authors":"Mariateresa Ceparano, Antonio Covelli, Valentina Baccolini, Claudia Isonne, Antonio Sciurti, Giuseppe Migliara, Maria De Giusti, Carolina Marzuillo, Paolo Villari","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2642","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hand hygiene is the most cost-effective procedure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections, but healthcare worker compliance is often insufficient.</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>The objective of this second cross-sectional study was to quantify hand hygiene compliance among the healthcare workers of a large teaching hospital, to explore associated factors and to compare results to those of the 2021 study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2022, educational sessions were conducted within each hospital department during which hospital healthcare workers received tailored feedback on the hand hygiene compliance registered in the previous year. Then, one month later, direct observations of hand hygiene compliance with five World Health Organization recommendations were collected again by anonymous observers in each ward. Data were grouped by healthcare area (clinical, surgical and intensive care), and three multivariable logistic regression models were built to identify predictors of hand hygiene compliance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 5,426 observations were collected by 73 observers in three weeks. Hand hygiene compliance was 79.7%, 73.5% and 63.1% in clinical, surgical and intensive care areas, respectively, increasing in clinical wards but decreasing in surgical departments compared to the 2021 study. The multivariable analyses showed that hand hygiene compliance after patient contact was consistently higher than before patient contact, while there was some variability in compliance with other factors across the three areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found suboptimal adherence to good hand hygiene practice, with the lowest rates observed before patient interaction, which, together with the variability recorded across departments, underscores the challenges involved in achieving a uniform level of compliance. Hence, additional training is essential to raise awareness among healthcare workers, while repeating this survey over time will also be crucial, so that hand hygiene compliance can be monitored and any major issue identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}