其他最新文献

{"title":"Correcting Market and Government Failures in Tackling the Global Growth of Type 2 Diabetes: Application of WHO's Common Goods for Health Approach.","authors":"Agnes L Soucat, Sylvestre Gaudin, Abdo S Yazbeck","doi":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2550883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2025.2550883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the global health challenge of Ebola, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a new approach to prioritizing health policy actions when both markets and government fail. The new approach, Common Goods for Health (CGH), is applied in this paper to identify priority actions to tackle failures in addressing the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes globally. National governments could realistically implement these actions to efficiently and equitably reduce the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a non-communicable disease that is growing in every region of the world. The paper identifies three broad categories of CGH actions: (i) earlier risk identification; (ii) better communication for behavior change; and (iii) reforming tax/subsidy policies on food.</p>","PeriodicalId":73218,"journal":{"name":"Health systems and reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"2550883"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial metabolomics as a new avenue in plant developmental biology: insights into serine biosynthesis during spermatogenesis in <i><b>Marchantia polymorpha</b></i>.","authors":"Hiromitsu Tabeta, Mai Uzaki, Masami Yokota Hirai","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2571669","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2571669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant development is a complex process governed by genetic regulatory networks in which metabolites play essential roles by modulating gene expression and cellular processes. While the functional importance of metabolites in plant development is increasingly recognized, their precise spatial and temporal accumulation patterns, which are closely tied to their mechanistic roles, remain poorly understood. This study highlights the need for high-resolution analyses finely tuned to specific developmental processes within the framework of plant developmental metabolomics. Using a <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i> mutant lacking 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH), an essential enzyme in serine biosynthesis and sperm formation, we demonstrated the importance of spatiotemporal metabolomics analysis. Conventional whole-organ metabolomics analysis failed to capture the difference between wild-type and mutant plants. Despite its limited resolution, however, spatial metabolomics analysis detected local metabolic changes caused by the mutation. Our results highlight the necessity of focusing on local metabolic alterations to better understand the influence of metabolism on plant development. This study illustrated how high-resolution spatial metabolomics analysis can provide new insights into the metabolic processes underlying plant development. Our findings highlight the need to refine metabolomics tools to better capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of metabolism during plant development, with broad implications for plant biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2571669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Policy and Health System Responses to Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: A Call for Reform.","authors":"Friday Okonofua, Lorretta Favour Ntoimo, Rosemary Ogu, Maradona Isikhuemen","doi":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2477941","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2477941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus, once a rare diagnosis in precolonial and early post-colonial Nigeria, now has the highest prevalence and fatality rates in sub-Saharan Africa. This increased prevalence is attributed to rising population affluence characterized by sedentary lifestyles and higher consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods. The burden is further exacerbated by a poorly responsive healthcare system. Currently, less than 50% of affected individuals are aware of their condition. Factors such as misconceptions about the disease, a preference for unproven traditional herbal treatments, and the high cost of treatment hinder effective secondary responses. Health system challenges in diabetes management in Nigeria include inadequate implementation of existing policies and guidelines, high out-of-pocket payments, poor quality of healthcare, and limited public education about the disease. To address these issues, we recommend a policy focus on:  1) Implementing actionable policies and guidelines for diabetes prevention and care; 2) Improving the pre-paid care system to reduce out-of-pocket payments; 3) Enhancing the quality of services at all healthcare levels, with the establishment of centers of excellence for specialized diabetes management; 4) Continuing the training, retraining, motivation, and expansion of the workforce responsible for diabetes care; and 5) Health promotion and health awareness aimed at the public to address inaccurate beliefs and practices about diabetes. Addressing these multifaceted factors will help to reduce the rising incidence of diabetes in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73218,"journal":{"name":"Health systems and reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"2477941"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Implementation of NCD Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: The Case of Fixed Dose Combinations for Hypertension in Kenya.","authors":"Adrianna Murphy, Daniel Mbuthia, Ruth Willis, Benjamin Tsofa, Mary Gichagua, Peter Mugo, Kara Hanson, Michael R Reich","doi":"10.1080/23288604.2024.2448862","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23288604.2024.2448862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health systems in low- and middle-income countries face the challenge of addressing the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with scarce resources to do so. There are cost-effective interventions that can improve management of the most common NCDs, but many remain poorly implemented. One example is fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of medications for hypertension. Included in WHO's Essential Medicines List, FDCs combine two or more blood pressure lowering agents into one pill and can reduce burden on patients and the health system. However, implementation of FDCs globally is poor. We aimed to identify health systems factors affecting implementation of evidence-based interventions for NCDs, and opportunities to address these, using the case study of FDCs in Kenya. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 39 policy-makers and healthcare workers involved in hypertension treatment policy and identified through snowball sampling. Interview data were analyzed thematically, using the Access Framework to categorize themes. Our interviews identified factors operating at the global, national, county, and provider levels. These include lack of global implementation guidance, context specific cost-effectiveness data, or prioritization by procurement agencies and clinical guidelines; perceived high cost; poor data for demand forecasting; insufficient budget for procurement of NCD medications; absence of prescriber training and awareness of clinical guidelines; and habitual prescribing behavior and understaffing limiting capacity for change. We propose specific strategies to address these. The findings of this work can inform efforts to improve implementation of other evidence-based interventions for NCDs in low-income settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73218,"journal":{"name":"Health systems and reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"2448862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term transcriptional memory and association-forming ability of tomato plants in response to ultrasound and drought stress stimuli.","authors":"Dóra Farkas, Anita Király, Viktor Ambrus, Bianka Tóth, Judit Dobránszki","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2556982","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2556982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant memory is an adaptive mechanism that plants can use to increase their fitness and cope with adverse environmental stresses. In this study, mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq), whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) methods were applied for evaluating formation and maintenance of somatic transcriptional memory after treatment with ultrasound and drought stimuli in tomatoes. In addition, the effects of repeated stimuli, as well as the association-forming ability of plants were studied when they were trained previously with combined stimuli. Two days after exposure to the two stimuli applied alone or in combination, significantly altered gene transcription and DNA methylation were revealed. Using four selected target genes, we demonstrated that plants memorized stimuli for 5-10 d, in a gene- and stimulus-dependent way. The repeated application of the stimuli caused various alterations in gene transcription behavior, such as habituation, sustained induction or modified reinduction. Plants were able to use one conditioned stimulus as a predictor of the other, unconditioned one, after conditioning in the case of 3 out of 4 target genes, and used their transcriptional memory associatively. The exploitation of plant memory and associative learning may contribute to the development of new strategies to increase plant stress resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2556982"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating salinity and cadmium stress in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) using PGPR and salicylic acid: rhizosphere, health risk, and physiological insights.","authors":"Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail, Muna Abdul-Rahman Al-Malki, Dalia Mohammad Melebari, Hanan El Sayed Osman, Dikhnah Alshehri, Suliman Mohammed Suliman Alghanem, Amany H A Abeed, Hesam Mousavi","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2553803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2553803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil contamination with salinity and heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria PGPR and organic agents such as salicylic acid (SA) are considered major protectants to alleviate abiotic stresses, the study of these bacteria and organic acids to ameliorate the toxic effects of salinity and Cd remains limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined effects of PGPR and SA on enhancing the phytoremediation of salinity (100 mM NaCl) and Cd (50 µM CdCl₂) using rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) plants. The research results indicated that elevated levels of salinity and Cd stress in soil significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, salinity and Cd stress also induced oxidative stress in the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by 44% and 38%, respectively, which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increase in cadmium accumulation, potential health risk indices, proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and the pigmentation of cellular components was observed. Although the application of PGPR and SA showed a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, microbial diversity, functional gene abundance in the rhizosphere, enzymatic and nonenzymatic compounds, and their gene expression, and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of PGPR and SA enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased metal accumulation by 37% in shoots, proline metabolism, and the AsA-GSH cycle in <i>O. sativa</i> plants. These results provide new insights for sustainable agricultural practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of salinity and heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2553803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing and Prioritizing Diabetes and Other Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana: A Qualitative Policy Analysis of the Barriers, Enablers and Opportunities.","authors":"Leonard Baatiema, Kristen Danforth, David A Watkins, Joana Ansong, Adwoa Twumwaah Twum-Barimah, Bruno Meessen","doi":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2565010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2025.2565010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes and other chronic NCDs pose a major public health threat in Ghana, and where health systems are less developed and there are numerous competing societal priorities. This qualitative study examines the barriers hindering domestic financing and prioritization of diabetes and other NCDs in Ghana. The study applied Kingdon's multiple stream framework using document reviews and face-to-face interviews with 29 key informants/stakeholders in the diabetes or NCD landscape in Ghana. Data from the document review and key informant interviews were thematically analyzed. The study revealed that at the problem stream level, diabetes and other NCDs are not yet sufficiently perceived by the general population and policy makers as major societal issues. Donors are also focusing on different health priorities. On the policy solution stream, many solutions are being initiated and developed by a rich array of policy entrepreneurs. The recent introduction of an excise tax bill on sugar-sweetened, alcoholic beverages and tobacco products suggests positive developments in the politics stream. The health financing system is advanced institutionally, and the country could rapidly convert a higher prioritization of diabetes into resource allocation if the macro-fiscal context permits it. The study concludes that applying Kingdon's framework provides a nuanced understanding of the barriers, enablers, and opportunities for prioritizing NCDs in Ghana, and finds that policy prioritization will require political commitment from the upper echelon of government. Higher public awareness on the determinants and costs of NCDs would contribute to broad citizen support and the sustainability of the political commitment across successive governments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73218,"journal":{"name":"Health systems and reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"2565010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on the postharvest response of hardy kiwifruit during storage.","authors":"Uk Lee, Hyun Ji Eo, Chung Ryul Jung, Yonghyun Kim","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2572018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2572018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hardy kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia arguta</i>) is a climacteric fruit, a characteristic contributing to its short shelf life. Plant phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA) are well known for their role in regulating the postharvest fruit ripening processes. Here, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of SA pretreatment on postharvest responses in the hardy kiwifruit cultivar 'Autumn Sense' during cold storage. SA pretreatment effectively maintained fruit firmness and titratable acidity during the first two weeks of storage, whereas both parameters declined sharply in untreated control fruits. Moreover, no ethylene production was detected in SA-pretreated fruits during the same period, likely due to modulation of gene expression in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that SA pretreatment suppresses the early phases of ripening, thereby delaying fruit softening in hardy kiwifruit during cold storage. In addition, antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content were significantly upregulated in fruits treated with 0.1 mM SA during the first week, indicating enhanced antioxidant accumulation. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the postharvest physiology of hardy kiwifruit and support the use of SA pretreatment as a strategy to extend shelf life and improve fruit quality in commercial storage and distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2572018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development Assistance for Health and the Challenge of NCDs Through the Lens of Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"William Savedoff, Abdo S Yazbeck, David H Peters, Son Nam Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2531693","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23288604.2025.2531693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the largest burden of disease, even in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The long latency period, chronicity, and common environmental, behavioral and genetic etiologies of NCDs-as shown through the example of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-expose health system failures to undertake multi-sectoral public health actions, address early detection, and provide integrated care. Development assistance for health (DAH), with its focus on donor priorities, often exacerbates such health system challenges. DAH has mainly focused on infectious diseases along with conditions related to reproductive health. Some programs show how DAH could help LMICs reorient health systems by focusing on neglected areas like economic and social policies, along with environmental and behavioral drivers of diseases like T2DM. Furthermore, in an era of declining resources for DAH, external support needs to be catalytic, supporting reforms more than financing services. Orienting limited DAH to address NCDs could support the necessary transformation of service organization, financial allocation criteria, data generation and use, health promotion, and training of care providers. DAH could also strengthen the public institutions and policies that prevent NCDs like T2DM through economic policies, environmental regulation, and health promotion interventions that address social and behavioral risk factors. Four broad categories of actions can guide DAH to better orient health systems to address NCDs: \"First, do no harm,\" help transform health systems, think outside the box, and match tools to needs. Several existing assistance modalities are also presented to show specific ways that this reorientation can be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":73218,"journal":{"name":"Health systems and reform","volume":"11 1","pages":"2531693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the phloem transport pathways and destination of photosynthates in soybean using autoradiography and fluorescent tracer imaging.","authors":"Ai Kaiho-Soma, Yuko Kurita, Natsuko I Kobayashi, Tomoko M Nakanishi, Keitaro Tanoi","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2552897","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2025.2552897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients in plants, with the phloem distributing photosynthates from source to sink. The direction of phloem transport is determined by the positional relationship between sources and sinks and by vascular connections. Although aspects of phloem transport have been studied, a comprehensive understanding remains lacking. Here, we used soybean as a model system to investigate the translocation pathways and destinations of photosynthates using autoradiography with ¹⁴C-labeled sucrose and fluorescent imaging with carboxyfluorescein (CF), a known phloem tracer. Soybean exhibits simple phyllotaxy, with alternate trifoliate leaves arranged oppositely along the stem. Applying ¹⁴C-sucrose to mature leaves revealed that young developing leaves received photosynthates from source leaves on both sides of the stem. To visualize pathways, ¹⁴C-sucrose and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) were applied to sequential source leaves. Signals from ¹⁴C and CF in the stem's vascular bundles showed no overlap, indicating distinct transport pathways. Additionally, when ¹⁴C-sucrose was applied separately to the left and right halves of a single mature leaf, it was followed corresponding sides to the sink leaves. These findings demonstrate that photosynthates are delivered to sink tissues via multiple, well-compartmentalized phloem pathways, providing new insight into the spatial organization of phloem transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":94172,"journal":{"name":"Plant signaling & behavior","volume":"20 1","pages":"2552897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12407589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}