经济学最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the effect of concealed carry laws on murder: A response to Bondy, et al.","authors":"Carlisle Moody ,&nbsp;John R. Lott","doi":"10.1016/j.irle.2024.106234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irle.2024.106234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2021 we wrote a short paper noting that truncating the sample when estimating the effect of right to carry laws on crime could be biased by comparisons to states that already adopted the law, instead of states without the law. In 2023 Bondy et al. criticized our paper but inaccurately described what we did and provided selective and misleading results. More importantly, they completely missed the point of our analysis, namely that applying two-way fixed effects to a truncated sample, say 1991–2018, biases the resulting RTC coefficient by invalidly comparing newly treated states to 11 previously treated states. The bias is so large that even if the true coefficient on the right-to-carry dummy is negative, the estimated coefficient could be positive. These biased results can be corrected by using new DID estimators, that do not make invalid comparisons, and which are robust to time and state heterogeneity. Using these new estimators, we find that RTC laws do not significantly increase violent crime. We find evidence that RTC laws significantly reduce murder and that constitutional carry laws significantly reduce rape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47202,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Law and Economics","volume":"80 ","pages":"Article 106234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which sustainable development goals favor crowdfunding success?","authors":"Marco Bade ,&nbsp;Felix Reichenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of the framing of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in crowdfunding campaign descriptions on fundraising success. We compile a dataset of 25,799 Indiegogo campaigns and quantify their relative focus on the 17 United Nation's SDGs. We find that the amount raised and the number of backers increase by 17.3 % and 8.3 %, respectively, if the number of SDG-related sentences in the campaign description increases by one standard deviation. Additionally, focusing more on issues related to climate, energy, sustainable societies, and responsible consumption promotes whereas focusing on ending poverty or innovation, industry, and infrastructure reduces fundraising success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12167,"journal":{"name":"Finance Research Letters","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106453"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accountability and the quality of information disclosure of state-owned enterprises","authors":"Fangsu Dong ,&nbsp;Huaichen Dong ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of accountability on the quality of information disclosure of state-owned enterprises, with a particular focus on the Accountability System for Illegal Business Operations and Investments (ASIBOI) that has been progressively implemented in China. Utilizing A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022 as the research sample, we used the staggered difference-in-differences approach to explore the relationship and mechanism between ASIBOI and the quality of information disclosure of state-owned enterprises. The results show that ASIBOI improves the quality of information disclosure of state-owned enterprises by improving the internal governance system of enterprises, and this finding still holds after a series of robustness tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12167,"journal":{"name":"Finance Research Letters","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient preferences and physician availability based on physician nativity and international medical school attendance","authors":"Brigham Walker ,&nbsp;Janna Wisniewski ,&nbsp;Sarah Tinkler ,&nbsp;Miron Stano ,&nbsp;Rajiv Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roughly a quarter of physicians in the United States are either international medical graduates (IMGs) or foreign-born physicians (FBPs). We propose a theoretical model where patient preferences that disfavor IMGs/FBPs may result in these physicians offering better access to their services compared with non-IMGs/FBPs in equilibrium. We use data from two field experiments to test the predictions from the model: one concerning patient preferences and the other concerning physician availability. In the patient preferences field experiment, we find that patients strongly prefer physicians educated in the United States to IMGs by more than 2-to-1. In the physician availability field experiment, we find that US-born physicians generally have lower levels of availability including offering fewer appointments and longer wait times. These results may indicate a substantial underutilization of FBPs relative to US-born physicians and suggest that greater acceptance of IMGs/FBPs will improve access to healthcare in a system that is constrained by supply shortages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquakes in Chile and Peru: How are they reflected in the copper financial market?","authors":"Pablo Tapia-Griñen ,&nbsp;Boris Pastén-Henríquez ,&nbsp;Jorge Sepúlveda-Velásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.frl.2024.106429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large earthquake is a devastating natural disaster affecting life and infrastructure. Copper, vital for combating climate change, sees over 40% production from Chile and Peru. An earthquake near these mines induces uncertainty, boosting copper prices. After analyzing copper returns after large-magnitude earthquakes (2005–2020) in Chile and Peru, event studies revealed positive abnormal returns. These are intensified by media coverage of the earthquake and available stock, which has a short-lived impact on other metals. This outlook will help investors to hedge and cope with such earthquakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12167,"journal":{"name":"Finance Research Letters","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 106429"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations when applying equity weights within economic evaluation when making drug reimbursement decisions.","authors":"Doug Coyle","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00556-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00556-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When decision-makers use economic evaluation to facilitate making decisions about reimbursing whether to reimburse pharmaceuticals within a publicly funded health care system, they may consider whether to prioritise specific patient populations or diseases: e.g., cancer or rare disease. This can be achieved through applying equity weights to outcomes such as QALYs. Decision makers, however, must choose whether equity weights are applied to solely the treatment of a specific disease or to treatments of the patient with the specific disease. Without such clarification, confusion may arise which can hinder the work of those who must make reimbursement recommendations and decisions. This study examines the repercussions of implementation of equity weights. For illustration, two hypothetical case studies relating to a rare disease are considered. The first case study demonstrates that applying equity weights only to the treatment of the rare disease of interest can lead to a patient with that rare disease accruing less benefits at a higher cost to the payer. The second case study demonstrates that if equity weights are applied to the patients who have a specific rare disease, then funding of a treatment for a common disease may be restricted only to those patients for whom treatment is more costly and less effective. As discussions continue with respect to applying equity weights within economic evaluation, it is important that the repercussions outlined are recognised.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public support for degrowth policies and sufficiency behaviours in the United States: A discrete choice experiment","authors":"Dallas O'Dell ,&nbsp;Davide Contu ,&nbsp;Ganga Shreedhar","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on degrowth and its policy proposals has rapidly expanded, despite lacking empirical evidence on public perceptions. One conceptual proposition for affluent populations is that lifestyle changes, such as undertaking sufficiency-oriented behaviours, may engender degrowth policy support. Our research empirically investigated U.S. public support for degrowth policies, its relation to sufficiency behaviours, and whether a degrowth framing influenced policy support. In a pre-registered, online discrete choice experiment (<em>N</em> = 1012), we elicited perceptions of four commonly advocated degrowth policies - work time reductions, downscaling fossil fuel production, universal basic services, and advertising restrictions. Analyses revealed significant support for some specification of each alternative policy, especially fossil fuel caps and universal healthcare. We also found a significant positive association between sufficiency engagement and supporting fossil fuel restrictions. However, latent class analysis suggested that the link between behaviour and policy support was less consistent for socially oriented policies, and that those who supported such policies did not engage in sufficiency most frequently. Degrowth framing only significantly influenced preferences for universal healthcare. These findings suggest an appetite for advancing eco-social policies in the United States but point to a nuanced relationship between sufficiency lifestyles and degrowth policy support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108446"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violent Conflicts and Education: The LRA Insurgency in Northern Uganda Revisited","authors":"Douglas Kazibwe","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I investigate the impact of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency on educational outcomes in Northern Uganda, using a Difference–in–Differences (DiD) model that leverages variations in conflict intensity across birth cohorts and geographic locations. The results show that individuals exposed to the conflict experience declines in completed years of schooling, primary school completion, and literacy, with varying effects by gender and place of residence. The study also explores supply and demand mechanisms, finding that reduced school construction and repairs, overcrowding, and increased studen–teacher ratios due to displacement exacerbate these educational setbacks. These mechanisms are crucial for understanding war’s broader impact on households, communities, and social services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48463,"journal":{"name":"World Development","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring symbiotic pathways: Unveiling the evolution and key drivers of China's human-environment relationship","authors":"Mingying Yang ,&nbsp;Yufu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Wenkai Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization increased human demand for natural resources, disrupting the balance between human and environment. This disruption led to regional environmental degradation, frequent natural disasters, and severe challenges in achieving sustainable development goals. In this context, fostering human and environment harmony is essential. However, research on quantifying their relationship and exploring the driving factors and mechanisms at a national fine spatial scale remains insufficient. This study endeavours to address this gap by constructing China's eco-environmental quality index (EQI) and human activity intensity (HAI) evaluation index systems with a 1 km resolution. Furthermore, the study utilizes the four-quadrant model and trend analysis to reveal the human-environment relationship, and employs the Bayesian network model to explore key drivers and underlying mechanisms influencing their relationship, aiming to foster harmonious human-environment interaction. Our results show that: (1) Both EQI and HAI increased over time, with their high values concentrated on the southeast side of the Hu Line but low on the northwest side. (2) The proportions of coordination and running-in areas increased while those of degradation and conflict areas declined, with 36.77% of the regions showing positive synergy during 2000–2020, indicating that China's human-environment relationship tended toward coordination. (3) Bayesian network analysis identified land use intensity, GDP, fraction vegetation coverage, and population density as critical factors affecting human-environment relationship. From a quadrant-based analysis, natural and eco-environmental factors including precipitation, water yield, and net primary productivity mainly influenced the spatial distribution of coordination and running-in intensity, while socioeconomic factors like population density and GDP primarily drove the spatial distribution of degradation and conflict intensity. This study finally proposed tailored management recommendations which would provide scientific support to facilitate the coordination and harmony of regional human-environment relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48376,"journal":{"name":"Habitat International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social comparison nudges: What actually happens when we are told what others do?","authors":"Yann Raineau ,&nbsp;Éric Giraud-Héraud ,&nbsp;Sébastien Lecocq","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social comparison nudges, known to bring about behavioral change, rely on providing information to agents about other agents' decisions or expectations regarding specific actions. Although the procedure consists in transmitting true information, it classically implies a reduction of the transmitted reality: the information provided about others is an average, a proportion, a percentile. What would happen if, instead, full information were shared on what all others do (as nudged agents might legitimately expect), and what would this tell us about how nudges actually work? We assume that cognitive biases occur unintentionally when the information provided is incomplete. By mobilizing Akerlof's (1997) model of social distance, accurately describing polarization effects in social decision-making, we show how the nudge-information conveyed can then act as a decoy: effective in triggering behavioral change, but giving rise to renewed ethical considerations. We illustrate our conjectures with a randomized controlled trial in the context of pesticide use in agriculture in which winegrowers receiving full information about their co-workers' performances are compared with growers receiving the more conventional average performance. After showing that the two differ in their understanding of what others do, we show in the field that the latter nudge induces change unmet by the former.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 108436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}