教育学最新文献

{"title":"The effects of orthography, phonology, semantics, and working memory on the reading comprehension of children with and without reading dyslexia.","authors":"Jana Chi-San Ho, Deborah K Reed, Catherine McBride","doi":"10.1007/s11881-025-00322-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-025-00322-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we examined to what extent orthographic skills, phonological processing, oral vocabulary, and word memory accounted for variance in reading comprehension among upper-elementary school children with and without dyslexia. The tasks came from the Tests of Dyslexia (TOD). Data from 753 participants (typically developing n = 575; children with dyslexia n = 143) ages 8 to 11 were analyzed with t-tests and multiple regression models. Performance of typically developing children was significantly higher than children with dyslexia on all tasks (p < .001). Typically developing children exhibited age-related improvements, though this association was absent in children with dyslexia. Among typically developing children, orthographic mapping, phonological awareness, oral vocabulary, and working memory scores uniquely explained reading comprehension. Among children with dyslexia, only orthographic mapping and oral vocabulary scores uniquely predicted reading comprehension. Our findings highlight the strong effects of orthographic mapping on reading comprehension observed across both groups. Limitations and educational implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47273,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dyslexia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Instructional Design in the Delivery of Early Science Instruction","authors":"Steven A. Maddox, Jenna A. Gersib, Anna-Maria Fall, Maria A. Longhi, William J. Therrien, Greg Roberts, Jason B. Phelps, Shadi Ghafghazi, Christian T. Doabler","doi":"10.1177/07419325251314119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325251314119","url":null,"abstract":"A critical tenet of education research is establishing what works. Another is exploring theorized mechanisms of change to help ascertain why academic programs work, for whom, and under which conditions. In other words, unpacking the black boxes of academic programs. This study explored the quality of teachers’ facilitation of (a) scientific investigations and (b) science discourse during and after the implementation of a systematic, explicit second-grade science program (Scientific Explorers-2). Our results demonstrated that relative to comparison classrooms, Scientific Explorers-2 classrooms delivered significantly higher quality scientific investigations. The quality of science discourse and maintenance effects for both measures were not statistically significant, but favored treatment classrooms in each case. Implications for designing science programs that support the delivery of high-quality science instruction that meets the needs of all students, particularly students with or at risk of learning disabilities, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48042,"journal":{"name":"Remedial and Special Education","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical learning environments: Updates.","authors":"Jonas Nordquist, Savannah Silva, Kelly Caverzagie, Jena Hall","doi":"10.1080/0142159X.2025.2459361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2025.2459361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Academic exploration of the Clinical Learning Environment (CLE) has evolved over time. In 2009, Asch et al. drew a direct connection between the CLE, training outcomes, and patient care, highlighting the importance of the CLE and inspiring further research in this domain. With a growing body of evidence articulating its significance, several organizations were prompted to publish conceptualizations of the CLE as a discrete concept, such that its components may be measured and thus improved upon. Since then, it has become increasingly clear that the CLE is not an isolated entity; it is continuously molded by external pressures including the intensifying polarizations within our global society and the political ramifications of these divides. And yet, the nuances of how these external forces influence our CLE, including how we should, or should not, adapt to accommodate them, has not yet been explicitly captured. In this commentary we will summarize the academic history of CLE, review how the shifting global landscape has influenced the CLE, and propose a way forward. As a professional community, we must understand the impact of these external factors such that we may proactively adapt and ensure quality training outcomes and positive outcomes for our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18643,"journal":{"name":"Medical Teacher","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of resilience training for medical students: A cohort state-transition model.","authors":"Stijntje W Dijk, Eline Krijkamp, M G Myriam Hunink","doi":"10.1080/0142159X.2025.2459371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2025.2459371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resilience training shows moderate effect in combatting burnout, yet little is known about its cost-effectiveness. This study analyzes the cost-effectiveness of offering resilience training to medical students with elevated stress from a Dutch university medical center (payer) perspective compared to mental health support as usual.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We constructed a state-transition cohort (Markov) model to estimate quality-adjusted lifeyears and associated costs of offering resilience training to a cohort of 410 first-year medical students over a 6-year timeframe. Utility values were obtained through baseline data from the DEcrease STress through RESilience training for Students (DESTRESS) study. Data on transition probabilities and the effect of resilience training were based on the best available literature. We resampled all data to generate 10,000 simulations of incremental costs and effects in a probabilistic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average students gained 0.15 QALYs (95%CI 0.09, 0.20) at a cost-saving of €1076 (95%CI 412, 2008), making resilience training the dominant strategy. These savings resulted from an assumed reduction in study delay due to a reduction in symptoms of stress and burnout. For every euro the university invests in resilience training, we estimatea return of investment of €2.79.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence that offering resilience training to medical students is cost-effective and cost-saving.</p>","PeriodicalId":18643,"journal":{"name":"Medical Teacher","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning Course at Improving Early Childhood Education Students’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Related Self-Efficacy, Knowledge, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioural Control","authors":"Myranda Hawthorne, Matthew Bourke, Brianne A. Bruijns, Leigh M. Vanderloo, Jennifer D. Irwin, Rachel Heydon, Valerie Carson, Andrew M. Johnson, Kristi B. Adamo, Shauna M. Burke, Brian W. Timmons, Patricia Tucker","doi":"10.1007/s10643-025-01855-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-025-01855-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Promoting high levels of physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in early childhood is essential for children’s health and wellbeing. However, despite existing recommendations, pre-service early childhood educators do not receive adequate training to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among young children in childcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning course in enhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related self-efficacy, knowledge, and behavioural intentions among a sample of pre-service early childhood educators (ECEs) across Canada. For this study, a quasi-experimental design was used, with participants (175 intervention, 117 comparison) recruited from 19 English-speaking Canadian colleges and universities offering pre-service ECE programs. The intervention group completed a 4-module e-Learning course on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, including subtopics on risky play and screen time. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up using validated questionnaires. Changes in outcomes (e.g., self-efficacy, knowledge, behaviour intentions and control) were examined using linear mixed-effects models. Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group’s task self-efficacy (d = 0.54), knowledge of physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines (d = 0.66), and intentions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour (0.38 ≤ d ≤ 0.44) post-intervention compared to the comparison group. However, these gains were not sustained at the 3-month follow-up. Perceived behavioural control showed limited improvement, and the intervention did not significantly impact intentions to avoid screen time. The TEACH e-Learning course improved short-term self-efficacy, knowledge, and behavioural intentions related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour among pre-service ECEs. However, the results of this study have shown that there are factors affecting desired outcomes that can not be adequately resolved through short-term training. Integrating such courses into pre-service training programs could enhance ECEs’ competencies in promoting physical activity, benefiting children’s long-term health. Further research should explore more long-term strategies to promote retention of increases in self-efficacy, knowledge and behavioural intentions related to physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ECEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47818,"journal":{"name":"Early Childhood Education Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy, satisfaction, and impact of custom GPT in acquiring clinical knowledge: Potential for AI-assisted medical education.","authors":"Jiaxi Pu, Jie Hong, Qiao Yu, Pan Yu, Jiaqi Tian, Yuehua He, Hanwei Huang, Qiongjing Yuan, Lijian Tao, Zhangzhe Peng","doi":"10.1080/0142159X.2025.2458808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2025.2458808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the customization of large language models to address specific domains such as medical education. This study investigates the practical performance of a custom GPT model in enhancing clinical knowledge acquisition for medical students and physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A custom GPT was developed by incorporating the latest readily available teaching resources. Its accuracy in providing clinical knowledge was evaluated using a set of clinical questions, and responses were compared against established medical guidelines. Satisfaction was assessed through surveys involving medical students and physicians at different stages and from various types of hospitals. The impact of the custom GPT was further evaluated by comparing its role in facilitating clinical knowledge acquisition with traditional learning methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The custom GPT demonstrated higher accuracy (83.6%) compared to general AI models (65.5%, 69.1%) and was comparable to a professionally developed AI (Glass Health, 83.6%). Residents reported the highest satisfaction compared to clerks and physicians, citing improved learning independence, motivation, and confidence (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Physicians, especially those from teaching hospitals, showed greater eagerness to develop a custom GPT compared to clerks and residents (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The impact analysis revealed that residents using the custom GPT achieved better test scores compared to those using traditional resources (<i>p</i> < 0.05), though fewer perfect scores were obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The custom GPT demonstrates significant promise as an innovative tool for advancing medical education, particularly for residents. Its capability to deliver accurate, tailored information complements traditional teaching methods, aiding educators in promoting personalized and consistent training. However, it is essential for both learners and educators to remain critical in evaluating AI-generated information. With continued development and thoughtful integration, AI tools like custom GPTs have the potential to significantly enhance the quality and accessibility of medical education.[Box: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":18643,"journal":{"name":"Medical Teacher","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Efforts Between Medical Faculty and Learners to Enhance the Institutional Climate for LGBTQ+ Trainees.","authors":"Justin L Jia, Adi X Mukund, Benjamin H Laniakea","doi":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005904","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50929,"journal":{"name":"Academic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the 2023 Association of American Medical Colleges Graduate Medical Education Leadership Competencies.","authors":"Karen Broquet, Margaret A Hadinger, Sharon Hall","doi":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005913","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50929,"journal":{"name":"Academic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"120-121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unionization of Graduate Medical Education Trainees: Perspectives From Designated Institutional Officials.","authors":"John Patrick T Co, Laurence Katznelson, Susan Guralnick, Jeffrey S Berns","doi":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005903","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Labor unions represent an increasing number of graduate medical education (GME) trainees in the United States. Most GME and other leaders at academic medical centers lack familiarity with resident/fellow unions, including what to expect, what decisions need to be made, and the processes involved in a unionization effort. It is important for designated institutional officials (DIOs), GME program directors, teaching faculty, and other institutional leaders to understand the drivers of resident/fellow unionization, the union organizing campaign and election process, and what follows a vote to unionize, including collective bargaining. Careful consideration of the role of educational and other institutional leaders during the unionization process is important to prevent any loss of trust between residents/fellows and those they view as their advocates. In this Commentary, the authors describe these considerations from their perspective as DIOs and GME leaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50929,"journal":{"name":"Academic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporting on Innovations in Academic Medicine.","authors":"Jonathan M Amiel, Teresa M Chan, Laura Weiss Roberts","doi":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005927","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ACM.0000000000005927","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50929,"journal":{"name":"Academic Medicine","volume":"100 2","pages":"117-118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}