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Finding influential nodes in complex networks by integrating nodal intrinsic and extrinsic centrality
IF 7.8 1区 数学
Chaos Solitons & Fractals Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116278
Xiaoyu Zhu, Rongxia Hao
{"title":"Finding influential nodes in complex networks by integrating nodal intrinsic and extrinsic centrality","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhu, Rongxia Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116278","url":null,"abstract":"Finding influential nodes in complex networks holds significant application in understanding network structure, optimizing information dissemination, and enhancing network robustness. The effective capture of key characteristics of high-influence nodes has piqued the interest of numerous researchers. However, to balance the complexity and validity, existing metrics fall short of capturing the crux that determines node influence with low complexity. Recently, certain local indices (such as degree, k-shell, H-index etc.) have been appropriately expanded and combined, successfully identifying the influence of nodes within the network. Notably, methods such as WKS, WNC, WKSD, and HIC stand out. Inspired by these approaches, our research suggests that a node's influence is manifested in both intrinsic and extrinsic centrality. We introduce a method, termed WDKS, to pinpoint influential nodes within complex networks. In WDKS, the product of degree and k-shell is regarded as the intrinsic influence of nodes, whereas the centrality of nodes' neighborhood exerts an additional effect on it via the virtue of potential edge weights. This measurement approach endows WDKS with a linear computational complexity of O(m), rendering it resilient to the scale of datasets. To validate the identification efficacy of WDKS, we employed the SIR model for simulation and comparative analysis on 12 real-world social and natural network datasets. The findings reveal that WDKS outperforms nine other established metrics in terms of node influence ranking, high-influence nodes identification, ranking monotonicity, and spreading capability. Furthermore, as WDKS doesn't necessitate parameter adjustments based on diverse network structures, it exhibits excellent robustness and versatility.","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Benford and power law distributions: Representation and simulation
IF 7.8 1区 数学
Chaos Solitons & Fractals Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116253
Claudio Lupi
{"title":"Benford and power law distributions: Representation and simulation","authors":"Claudio Lupi","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116253","url":null,"abstract":"Some implications of the strong form of Benford’s law are analysed. It is shown that there is a close relationship between Benford’s law and power laws, which explains why the scope of these laws is often very similar. Furthermore, it is shown how to simulate Benford random variables with the desired characteristics.","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of SIS infectious disease dynamics with linear external sources and free boundaries: A computational and theoretical perspective
IF 1.2 3区 数学
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2025.129448
Yarong Zhang , Meng Hu , Jie Zheng , Xinyu Shi
{"title":"Analysis of SIS infectious disease dynamics with linear external sources and free boundaries: A computational and theoretical perspective","authors":"Yarong Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmaa.2025.129448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmaa.2025.129448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatio-temporal distribution of individuals within the SIS (Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible) model is pivotal for the effective prevention and control of infectious diseases. This study leverages the reaction-diffusion epidemic model to improve the accuracy of identifying infected areas and predicting potential outbreaks. Compression mapping and the standard theory of parabolic equations are applied to analyze the dynamics of susceptible individuals influenced by linear external sources, simulating their birth and death rates. Key findings reveal a dichotomous relationship between the spread and extinction of infectious diseases, dictated by the time-dependent basic reproduction number. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of the diffusion coefficient, the propagation potential of infected individuals, and the initial infection range on disease dissemination or attenuation. Numerical simulations support the theoretical findings, indicating that a high expanding capacity of infected individuals poses challenges to effective disease prevention and control. This work provides novel insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of the SIS model and lays a foundation for future research endeavours in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50147,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications","volume":"549 1","pages":"Article 129448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical analysis of a class of hemivariational inequalities governed by fluid–fluid coupled flow
IF 1.8 3区 数学
Nonlinear Analysis-Real World Applications Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2025.104366
Feifei Jing , Weimin Han , Guanyu Zhou
{"title":"Numerical analysis of a class of hemivariational inequalities governed by fluid–fluid coupled flow","authors":"Feifei Jing ,&nbsp;Weimin Han ,&nbsp;Guanyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.nonrwa.2025.104366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nonrwa.2025.104366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the well-posedness and conduct a numerical analysis of hemivariational inequalities for the coupled stationary Navier–Stokes/Navier–Stokes system. The interface condition involves the Clark subgradient and serves as a generalization of various interface interaction relations, including nonlinear transmission conditions and friction-type conditions. We present an existence and uniqueness result for a solution of the continuous model. We propose a domain decomposition approach to solve the coupled system and examine the convergence of iterations. Moreover, we use the finite element approximation to discretize the hemivariational inequality of the coupled system and derive error estimates, which lead to an optimal order for the <span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span>/<span><math><mrow><mi>P</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> pair under appropriate solution regularity assumptions. Numerical results are reported that illustrate the optimal convergence order predicted by theoretical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49745,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Analysis-Real World Applications","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 104366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Irrational-Window-Filter Projection Method and Application to Quasiperiodic Schrödinger Eigenproblems
IF 2.9 2区 数学
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1137/24m1666197
Kai Jiang, Xueyang Li, Yao Ma, Juan Zhang, Pingwen Zhang, Qi Zhou
{"title":"Irrational-Window-Filter Projection Method and Application to Quasiperiodic Schrödinger Eigenproblems","authors":"Kai Jiang, Xueyang Li, Yao Ma, Juan Zhang, Pingwen Zhang, Qi Zhou","doi":"10.1137/24m1666197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1137/24m1666197","url":null,"abstract":"SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Volume 63, Issue 2, Page 564-587, April 2025. <br/> Abstract. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, the irrational-window-filter projection method (IWFPM), for quasiperiodic systems with concentrated spectral point distribution. Based on the projection method (PM), IWFPM filters out dominant spectral points by defining an irrational window and uses a corresponding index-shift transform to make the FFT available. The error analysis on the function approximation level is also given. We apply IWFPM to one-dimensional, two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) quasiperiodic Schrödinger eigenproblems (QSEs) to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. IWFPM exhibits a significant computational advantage over PM for both extended and localized quantum states. More importantly, by using IWFPM, the existence of Anderson localization in 2D and 3D QSEs is numerically verified.","PeriodicalId":49527,"journal":{"name":"SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis","volume":"86 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expected hitting time estimates on finite graphs
IF 1.1 2区 数学
Stochastic Processes and their Applications Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.spa.2025.104626
Laurent Saloff-Coste , Yuwen Wang
{"title":"Expected hitting time estimates on finite graphs","authors":"Laurent Saloff-Coste ,&nbsp;Yuwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.spa.2025.104626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spa.2025.104626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expected hitting time from vertex <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> to vertex <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, is the expected value of the time it takes a random walk starting at <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> to reach <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span>. In this paper, we give estimates for <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> when the distance between <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span> is comparable to the diameter of the graph, and the graph satisfies a Harnack condition. We show that, in such cases, <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> can be estimated in terms of the volumes of balls around <span><math><mi>b</mi></math></span>. Using our results, we estimate <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> on various graphs, such as rectangular tori, some convex traces in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>, and fractal graphs. Our proofs use heat kernel estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51160,"journal":{"name":"Stochastic Processes and their Applications","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 104626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A-posteriori error estimates for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws via computing negative norms of local residuals
IF 2.1 2区 数学
IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1093/imanum/drae111
Jan Giesselmann, Aleksey Sikstel
{"title":"A-posteriori error estimates for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws via computing negative norms of local residuals","authors":"Jan Giesselmann, Aleksey Sikstel","doi":"10.1093/imanum/drae111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/imanum/drae111","url":null,"abstract":"We prove rigorous a-posteriori error estimates for first-order finite-volume approximations of nonlinear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws in one spatial dimension. Our estimators rely on recent stability results by Bressan, Chiri and Shen, a new way to localize residuals and a novel method to compute negative-order norms of these local residuals. Computing negative-order norms becomes possible by suitably projecting test functions onto a finite dimensional space. Numerical experiments show that the error estimator converges with the rate predicted by a-priori error estimates.","PeriodicalId":56295,"journal":{"name":"IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Admissible parameters for the Crossbred algorithm and semi-regular sequences over finite fields 有限域上克罗斯比德算法和半规则序列的可容许参数
IF 1.6 2区 数学
Designs, Codes and Cryptography Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10623-025-01610-2
John Baena, Daniel Cabarcas, Sharwan K. Tiwari, Javier Verbel, Luis Villota
{"title":"Admissible parameters for the Crossbred algorithm and semi-regular sequences over finite fields","authors":"John Baena, Daniel Cabarcas, Sharwan K. Tiwari, Javier Verbel, Luis Villota","doi":"10.1007/s10623-025-01610-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10623-025-01610-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multivariate public key cryptography (MPKC) is one of the most promising alternatives to build quantum-resistant signature schemes, as evidenced in NIST’s call for additional post-quantum signature schemes. The main assumption in MPKC is the hardness of the Multivariate Quadratic (MQ) problem, which seeks for a common root to a system of quadratic polynomials over a finite field. Although the Crossbred algorithm is among the most efficient algorithms to solve MQ over small fields, its complexity analysis stands on shaky ground. In particular, it is not clear for what parameters it works and under what assumptions. In this work, we provide a rigorous analysis of the Crossbred algorithm over any finite field. We provide a complete explanation of the series of admissible parameters proposed in previous literature and explicitly state the regularity assumptions required for its validity. Moreover, we show that the series does not tell the whole story, hence we propose an additional condition for Crossbred to work. Additionally, we define and characterize a notion of regularity for systems over a small field, which is one of the main building blocks in the series of admissible parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11130,"journal":{"name":"Designs, Codes and Cryptography","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prognostic adjustment with efficient estimators to unbiasedly leverage historical data in randomized trials.
IF 1.2 4区 数学
International Journal of Biostatistics Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1515/ijb-2024-0018
Lauren D Liao, Emilie Højbjerre-Frandsen, Alan E Hubbard, Alejandro Schuler
{"title":"Prognostic adjustment with efficient estimators to unbiasedly leverage historical data in randomized trials.","authors":"Lauren D Liao, Emilie Højbjerre-Frandsen, Alan E Hubbard, Alejandro Schuler","doi":"10.1515/ijb-2024-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijb-2024-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a cornerstone of comparative effectiveness, they typically have much smaller sample size than observational studies due to financial and ethical considerations. Therefore there is interest in using plentiful historical data (either observational data or prior trials) to reduce trial sizes. Previous estimators developed for this purpose rely on unrealistic assumptions, without which the added data can bias the treatment effect estimate. Recent work proposed an alternative method (prognostic covariate adjustment) that imposes no additional assumptions and increases efficiency in trial analyses. The idea is to use historical data to learn a prognostic model: a regression of the outcome onto the covariates. The predictions from this model, generated from the RCT subjects' baseline variables, are then used as a covariate in a linear regression analysis of the trial data. In this work, we extend prognostic adjustment to trial analyses with nonparametric efficient estimators, which are more powerful than linear regression. We provide theory that explains why prognostic adjustment improves small-sample point estimation and inference without any possibility of bias. Simulations corroborate the theory: efficient estimators using prognostic adjustment compared to without provides greater power (i.e., smaller standard errors) when the trial is small. Population shifts between historical and trial data attenuate benefits but do not introduce bias. We showcase our estimator using clinical trial data provided by Novo Nordisk A/S that evaluates insulin therapy for individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonconforming finite element method for a 4th-order history-dependent hemivariational inequality
IF 3.4 2区 数学
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2025.108750
Jiali Qiu , Min Ling , Fei Wang , Bangmin Wu
{"title":"Nonconforming finite element method for a 4th-order history-dependent hemivariational inequality","authors":"Jiali Qiu ,&nbsp;Min Ling ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Bangmin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cnsns.2025.108750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnsns.2025.108750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the analysis and numerical solution of a fourth-order history-dependent hemivariational inequality. The variational formulation is derived from a model describing an elastic plate in contact with a reactive obstacle, where the contact condition involves both the subdifferential of a nonconvex, nonsmooth function and a Volterra-type integral term. We discretize the continuous formulation using the left rectangle rule to handle the history-dependent operator, along with a Morley finite element method for spatial discretization. A priori error estimates for the fully discrete scheme are established, demonstrating optimal convergence. Numerical examples are provided to verify the theoretical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50658,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 108750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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