{"title":"mRNA Structure Regulates Translation at Every Step","authors":"Alexandra Khitun, Kevin M. Weeks","doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precise,context-sensitivecontrol of protein synthesis is criticalin eukaryotic cells, and mRNA structure has emerged as a central mechanismfor achieving this control. mRNA structures influence every stageof translation. During initiation, structures within 5′ untranslatedregions modulate ribosome association with mRNA and the balance betweentranslation of the main open reading frame and use of upstream oralternative start sites. During elongation, structures in the codingsequence govern ribosome pausing in ways that can either protect mRNAstability or trigger decay. During termination, structures downstreamof primary stop codons promote readthrough to generate protein isoformsin a tissue-specific manner. mRNA structures are remodeled by helicaseexpression, post-transcriptional modifications, and translationalprogramming to provide additional layers of regulation. We reviewrecent advances illuminating diverse mechanisms by which RNA structuremodulates translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":28,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Biochemistry","volume":"65 20","pages":"3144–3150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
环境科学与技术Pub Date : 2026-10-20DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6c05495
Chul Park,Douglas D. Risser,Yasu S. Morita,Klaus Nüsslein,Joseph G. Gikonyo
{"title":"Toward a Universal Switch for Microbial Granulation: Photogranule Insights to Advance Granular Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Chul Park,Douglas D. Risser,Yasu S. Morita,Klaus Nüsslein,Joseph G. Gikonyo","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c05495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c05495","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial granulation─the assembly of self-immobilized, spheroidal aggregates─is a transformative approach for high-density, energy-efficient wastewater treatment. By concentrating biomass and enhancing resilience to influent fluctuations, granular systems significantly reduce infrastructure footprints. Current granular technologies primarily leverage upflow continuous reactors or sequencing-batch reactors, where specific external selection pressures are imposed to drive granulation. However, granulation remains neither spontaneous nor reliably predictable, and its fundamental biological drivers are poorly understood. Recent advances in photogranules challenge selection-pressure models. Photogranules form from activated-sludge inocula in hydrostatic and hydrodynamic batches and even in CSTRs where classical selection conditions are weak or absent. Moreover, the recurring emergence of compact spheroidal granules across diverse natural and laboratory systems suggests shared, intrinsic biological drivers rather than purely engineered causes. In this Perspective, we propose that the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP functions as a conserved, Goldilocks-like molecular switch that integrates diverse environmental cues into a coordinated granulation program. We synthesize transcriptomic, biochemical, and genetic evidence and advance three hypotheses linking c-di-GMP signaling and community physiology to granulation. If validated, targeted modulation of c-di-GMP─by genetic or chemical means─could enable predictable, resilient granulation across a wider range of systems, including the continuous horizontal-flow basins that dominate wastewater infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogeneous Component Degradation Controls Molecular Evolution and Reactivity of Volatile Organic Compounds during Distiller’s Grains Pyrolysis","authors":"Qiqi Chi,Tingting Li,Yuhan Cao,Weiying Feng,Meiling Xu,Queping Yang,Fanhao Song,Fengchang Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c11058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c11058","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass pyrolysis is a crucial method of resource utilization, but resulting volatiles may pose environmental concerns due to their impacts on air quality and secondary pollution. However, the mechanisms governing thermal degradation and volatile evolution remain unclear. Herein, we integrate online thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Gaussian deconvolution, and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy to elucidate the degradation characteristics and sequential temperature-dependent volatile evolution of distiller’s grains (DG), a protein-rich agro-industrial residue. DG pyrolysis exhibited distinct multistage degradation characteristics governed by coupled decomposition and synergistic interactions of lignocellulosic and protein-derived components. The major volatiles included alcohols/ethers, phenols/esters, hydrocarbons, and aromatics, with pronounced temperature-dependent variations. Volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds accounted for 47–60% and 35–52% of total detected organic volatile emissions released during pyrolysis, respectively. Most DG-derived volatiles exhibited reducing characteristics, with average carbon oxidation states below zero, while broad saturation mass concentration distributions reflected substantial chemical heterogeneity. The temperature-dependent evolution sequence of DG-derived volatiles followed alcohols/phenols → aromatics/hydrocarbons → aldehydes/ketones/acids → esters → CO2/CH4/NH3. A DG mechanistic framework was proposed, demonstrating that heterogeneous component degradation regulated dynamic volatile generation and variation. These findings provide mechanistic insight into DG pyrolysis and contribute to sustainable biomass valorization and environmental impact assessment.","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.028,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Insight into the Rate Dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of PVDF","authors":"Arthanareeswaran Shubha, Sachin Varma, Payel Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X26600183","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X26600183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is widely used in soft piezoelectric devices, where mechanical stability plays a critical role in long-term performance. In this work, the rate-dependent elastic and viscoelastic behavior of pristine PVDF films is investigated using nanoindentation. Experiments are carried out at room temperature with a maximum load of 30 mN using four different loading times (5, 10, 15, and 20 s), corresponding to loading rates of 6, 3, 2, and 1.5 mN/s, while maintaining a constant holding time of 10 s. The results show a clear loading-rate dependence, with the elastic modulus and hardness increasing by approximately 14.7 and 11.7%, respectively, as the loading rate increases. Creep compliance data obtained from the indentation hold segment are analyzed using the three-element Standard Linear Solid (Kelvin–Voigt form) and the four-element Burger model to extract the viscoelastic parameters. Comparative analysis reveals that the instantaneous elastic modulus (<i>E</i><sub>1</sub>) remains independent of loading rate in both models, whereas the delayed elastic modulus (<i>E</i><sub>2</sub>) decreases with increasing loading rate by ~31% in the SLS–K.V model and ~40% in the Burger model. Furthermore, the viscous parameters show significant rate sensitivity, with η<sub>1</sub> decreasing by ~57% and η<sub>2</sub> reducing to nearly half of its initial value at higher loading rates in both models. These results highlight the pronounced rate-dependent viscoelastic response of PVDF and provide insights relevant to the mechanical reliability of PVDF-based piezoelectric devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerrit J. Schut, Farris L. Poole, Michael W. W. Adams
{"title":"A New Family of Electron-Bifurcating Enzymes Represented by Ferredoxin- and NAD-Dependent Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidoreductase","authors":"Gerrit J. Schut, Farris L. Poole, Michael W. W. Adams","doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glycerol is abundantin natural environments and is utilized bymany microbes. In aerobes, it is typically converted, via glycerol-3-phosphate(G3P), to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by a quinone-linked dehydrogenasethereby coupling glycolysis and respiration. Under anaerobic conditions,an NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent dehydrogenase has been proposed to oxidizeG3P to DHAP in several bacteria but this reaction is thermodynamicallyunfavorable. Herein, we have purified a heterotrimeric electron bifurcatingenzyme from the archaeon <em>Pyrococcus furiosus</em> where the simultaneous oxidation of both G3P (E<sub>o</sub>′−190 mV) and reduced ferredoxin (E<sub>m</sub> ∼ −450mV) enables reduction of NAD<sup>+</sup>(E<sub>o</sub>′ −320mV) and production of DHAP. Surprisingly, this <span>f</span>erredoxin-dependent <span>N</span>AD<sup>+</sup><span>G</span>3P oxidoreductase (FngABC) is unrelated evolutionarilyto the four known families of bifurcating enzyme. Analysis by UV–visiblespectroscopy and of its predicted structure suggest FngABC has a nonclassicalbifurcation mechanism. Phylogenetic and genome context analyses of4,273 <em>P. furiosus</em> FngA homologues revealedthey are widespread with ∼35% found mainly in Clostridia asFngABC and ∼10% found mainly in Actinomyces as FngAB, mostof which utilize polyols in addition to glycerol. The remaining ∼40%are present in Gammaproteobacteria and halophilic archaea but hereFngA is associated with homologues of <em>E. coli</em> GlpBC, which are unrelated to FngBC, and these enzymes typicallyonly use glycerol. It is therefore proposed that <em>P. furiosus</em> FngABC and the previously characterized <em>E. coli</em> GlpABC are disparate members of a new electronbifurcating family widespread in the microbial world that are involvedin the metabolism of a range of sugars as well as glycerol.</p>","PeriodicalId":28,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Biochemistry","volume":"65 20","pages":"3247–3257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoxian Lyu, Yongliang Tong, Qiange Lin, Yilin Ye, Xinliu Geng, Cuiying Chen, Xinrong Lu, Guiqin Sun, Li Chen
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of EmNag, a Novel β-1,2-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica","authors":"Shaoxian Lyu, Yongliang Tong, Qiange Lin, Yilin Ye, Xinliu Geng, Cuiying Chen, Xinrong Lu, Guiqin Sun, Li Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>N-Acetylglucosamineexists in various glycoforms and linkage patternswithin organisms, playing a crucial role in numerous vital biologicalprocesses. The signal of β-1,2-N-acetylglucosamine is a keycomponent within complex biantennary N-glycans on the cell surface,leaving related research in its early exploratory stages. Currently,there is a lack of efficient tools and methods capable of directlymodifying terminal N-acetylglucosamine on living cells. In this study,we identified a novel β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from <em>Elizabethkingia meningoseptica</em> FMS-007, which specificallycleaves nonreducing terminal β-1,2-N-acetylglucosamine, enablingdirect removal from native glycoproteins and/or free oligosaccharides.More importantly, we demonstrate for the first time the successfulremoval of β-1,2-N-acetylglucosamine from the living cell surfaceusing this enzyme. Based on its isolation and newly characterizedcell-surface glycan-editing activity, we designated it as EmNag, alsotermed cell-surface glycan-editing N-acetylglucosaminidase (csgeNag).It showed favorable enzymatic stability between pH 5–8 andfrom 4 to 37 °C. Sequence analysis and alanine-scanning mutagenesisidentified a conserved active pocket containing the catalytic residuepair Asp317-Glu318, with Asp317 being essential for activity. In summary,our findings provide an effective and reliable method for the targetedremoval of β-1,2-N-acetylglucosamine from the living cell surface,establishing a foundation for further functional studies and practicalapplications.</p>","PeriodicalId":28,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Biochemistry","volume":"65 20","pages":"3206–3216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
环境科学与技术Pub Date : 2026-10-20Epub Date: 2026-09-03DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6c03971
Bowen Tian, Pei Zhao, Min Liu, Chongyu Zhang, Fang Wang, Yinan Zhao, Wei Shen, James E. Anderson, Runyu Jiang, Sheng Zhao, Di Wang, Shaojun Zhang, Xi Lu, Ye Wu
{"title":"Time-of-Use Pricing Enhances Vehicle-to-Grid Benefits for Power Systems and Vehicle Owners but May Undermine Decarbonization","authors":"Bowen Tian, Pei Zhao, Min Liu, Chongyu Zhang, Fang Wang, Yinan Zhao, Wei Shen, James E. Anderson, Runyu Jiang, Sheng Zhao, Di Wang, Shaojun Zhang, Xi Lu, Ye Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c03971","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.6c03971","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is an important flexibility managementtechnologyfor lower-carbon transport and the electricity grid. However, itseffectiveness relies on the temporal alignment between the price incentivesand grid dynamics. To overcome the challenge of coordinating electricitypricing with V2G deployment, we integrated a Bayesian optimizationframework into a unit commitment model of the 2030 Jing–Jin–Tangpower grid. Results demonstrate that current static time-of-use tariffsincentivize EV fleets to discharge during midday solar peak hours.This behavior displaces zero-marginal-cost renewable generation andforces pumped storage hydropower units to absorb excess fleet discharge.Optimizing tariffs could reduce average net load, operating costs,and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. In summary, the synergistic interactionbetween V2G and dynamic pricing shows a dual effect: it reduces costsfor both the grid and EV owners but, conversely, can increase CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to excessive EV participation. Our resultsdemonstrate that a shift toward dynamic, carbon-aware pricing mechanismsis essential to ensure that widespread V2G deployment effectivelysupports decarbonization goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"60 41","pages":"29366–29378"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
环境科学与技术Pub Date : 2026-10-20Epub Date: 2026-09-17DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6c02007
Jiannan Wang, Chunwei Chou, Sébastien Biraud, Andre Santos, Hari Viswanathan, Andrew Govert, Yuxin Wu
{"title":"Improving UAV Magnetic Surveys with a Theory-Guided Empirical Model for Locating and Characterizing Undocumented Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells","authors":"Jiannan Wang, Chunwei Chou, Sébastien Biraud, Andre Santos, Hari Viswanathan, Andrew Govert, Yuxin Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c02007","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.6c02007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Undocumented orphaned oil and gas wells can pose risksthroughunintended releases of substances, yet they remain difficult to locatebecause records are incomplete and surface indicators are often absent.Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) magnetometry is increasingly used toidentify steel-cased wells, but surveys commonly stop at target detectionand provide limited guidance on how sensor height affects anomalystrength, burial-depth estimates, or confidence in non-detection.Here, we develop a physics-informed, calibrated empirical model betweenpeak magnetic-anomaly amplitude and distance from the magnetometerto the top of steel casing. Using anomaly amplitude measured at knownsensor height, the model provides three practical outputs: estimatedcasing-top burial depth where casing is not visible, maximum sensorheight at which casing at a specified depth remains detectable, andcorrection of variable-height anomalies to a common reference height.We calibrate the relationship using multi-altitude UAV surveys atWildcat Canyon Regional Park, California, and Osage Ranch, Oklahoma,and apply it at Hillman State Park, Pennsylvania, identifying oneundocumented-well candidate supported by ground magnetometry and estimatingburial depths for three documented wells consistent with independentdepth constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"60 41","pages":"29355–29365"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148973804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
环境科学与技术Pub Date : 2026-10-20Epub Date: 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6c03454
Xinyi Ke, Xiaowei Huang, Nan Zhang, Xueling Yang, Yuxuan Chen, Jiawei Shao, Jiachun Shi, Jianming Xu, Yan He
{"title":"Combined Residues of Frequently Detected Herbicides are Stronger Predictors of Soil Resistome and Virulence Potential than Single Residues","authors":"Xinyi Ke, Xiaowei Huang, Nan Zhang, Xueling Yang, Yuxuan Chen, Jiawei Shao, Jiachun Shi, Jianming Xu, Yan He","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c03454","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.6c03454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Overuse of herbicides has resulted in a global epidemicof evolvedresistance in soil ecosystems. While single herbicide risk has beendocumented, the impact of multiple herbicide residues on the soilresistomes remains poorly understood. Our study quantified the residuesof 24 herbicides, profiled antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) andvirulence factor genes (VFGs), and reconstructed 1086 metagenome-assembledgenomes (MAGs) from 93 agricultural soils across China. The analyticalresults demonstrate that the frequently detected herbicide residues(e.g., 60–90% detection frequency) are stronger predictorsof soil antibiotic resistomes than total herbicide load, unsupervisedmixture based on principal component analysis (PCA), or single-herbicidemodels. For VFG abundance, the same mixture outperformed the bestsingle herbicide and total herbicide concentration, although PCA–PC1showed a moderately stronger correlation. Specifically, these commonlydetected herbicides showed positive associations with ARG abundancethrough both direct linkages and bacterial community-dependent indirectpathways. Similar patterns were observed for virulence potential,where frequently detected residues maintained strong predictive performanceand were predominantly associated with indirect pathways. Functionalannotation patterns further suggest a concurrent enrichment of traitsrelated to antioxidant defense, mobility, adherence, and immune modulationunder elevated herbicide exposure. Notably, multiple herbicide residueswere linked to the abundance of a <em>Trinickia</em> taxon,which was identified as a candidate ARG-VFG co-occurrence MAG carryinga high ARG load. Our findings highlight the need to integrate compoundexposure of frequently detected herbicides into future risk assessmentmethodology for preventing the dissemination of ARGs in agriculturalsoils.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"60 41","pages":"29555–29568"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
环境科学与技术Pub Date : 2026-10-20Epub Date: 2026-10-07DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6c06063
Bian-Hao Zeng, Ping Li, Bin Liu, Tengzhou Li, Haiyang Yin, Le Sun, Ling Liu, Zhi-Hua Li
{"title":"Enrofloxacin Disrupts Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axes in Marine Medaka: Mechanistic Insights from Multiomics and Germ-Free Models","authors":"Bian-Hao Zeng, Ping Li, Bin Liu, Tengzhou Li, Haiyang Yin, Le Sun, Ling Liu, Zhi-Hua Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6c06063","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.est.6c06063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in theirfrequentoccurrence in marine environments, yet their ecological risks remainpoorly understood. Enrofloxacin (ENR) is one of the most frequentlydetected antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems. However, its toxicologicalmechanisms in marine fish remain unclear. Here, multiomics, <em>Vibrio parahemolyticus</em> infection, short chain fattyacid supplementation and germ-free fish models were integrated toinvestigate ENR induced neurotoxicity and the role of gut microbiota.The results showed that ENR exposure impaired intestinal functionin marine medaka (<em>Oryzias melastigma</em>), accompanied by behavioral abnormalities, neurotoxicity, and liverinjury. ENR also induced gut microbiome dysbiosis and altered SCFAslevels. Furthermore, SCFAs supplementation and germ-free fish experimentsprovided complementary and supportive evidence that gut microbialdysbiosis and altered SCFAs levels may be involved in ENR neurotoxicresponses. Moreover, ENR pretreated fish showed increased susceptibilityto <em>V. parahemolyticus</em> challenge, whichfurther disrupted the gut microbiome and aggravated neurological dysfunction.Collectively, these findings suggest that ENR induced neurotoxicityis linked to disruption of the microbiome–gut–brainaxis and increased susceptibility to subsequent pathogenic stress.This study provides new insights into antibiotic toxicity in marinefish and supports ecological risk assessment of ENR in marine aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":"60 41","pages":"29299–29312"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}