中国医学科学院学报Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16266
Yan Li, Wen-Yu Zhang, Zhi Xiao, Xing-Feng Liu
{"title":"Research Progress in Effect of Repetitive Noxious Stimuli in Neonatal Period on Neural Development.","authors":"Yan Li, Wen-Yu Zhang, Zhi Xiao, Xing-Feng Liu","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment and development of neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)have significantly increased the survival rate of premature infants.However,the diagnosis,treatment,and surgeries performed in NICU may expose neonates to more noxious stimuli.As the neonatal period is crucial for brain development,these noxious stimuli may cause irreversible damage to the neonatal nervous system.Existing clinical studies have shown that repetitive noxious stimuli during the neonatal period can lead to poor brain development,persistent hyperalgesia,and various sequelae.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,and effective treatment methods are lacking.This article summarizes the effects of repetitive noxious stimuli during the neonatal period on neural development and the complications,aiming to provide a basis for the neonatal analgesia management and the prevention and treatment of related sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita Martins- Alves , Ana Vera Machado , Fernanda Cássio , Madalena Lira
{"title":"Challenges and persistence of contact lenses in wastewater treatment plants: Environmental implications","authors":"Rita Martins- Alves , Ana Vera Machado , Fernanda Cássio , Madalena Lira","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contact Lens (CLs) are often disposed of via toilet or sinks, ending up in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Millions of CLs enter WWTPs worldwide each year in macro and micro sizes. Despite WWTPs' ability to remove solids, CLs can persist and potentially contaminate watercourses and soils.</div><div>This study evaluates whether different CLs degrade in WWTP aeration tanks. Six daily CLs (Nelfilcon A, Delefilcon A, Nesofilcon A, Stenfilcon A, Narafilcon A, Somofilcon A) and four monthly CLs (Lotrafilcon B, Comfilcon A, Senofilcon A, and Samfilcon A) were immersed in aeration tanks for twelve weeks. Their physical and chemical properties, including water content (WC), refractive index (RI), chemical properties (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and mechanical properties were assessed.</div><div>Results show that all CLs maintained their physical appearance after 12 weeks. Neither Nelfilcon A nor Narafilcon A exhibited significant changes in WC and RI, (p > 0.05, Tukey test), while other daily lenses showed variations in at least one parameter.</div><div>Among monthly CLs, only Senofilcon A showed significant differences in both WC (<em>p</em> < 0.001, Tukey test) and RI (<em>p</em> < 0.0001, Tukey test). No differences in Young's modulus were observed for any lenses (p > 0.05 Tukey test). However, Somofilcon A displayed significant changes in stress at break (<em>p</em> < 0.0001, Tukey test), and Elongation at Break (<em>p</em> < 0.05, Tukey test). No changes were found in the chemical structure of any CLs suggesting that twelve weeks in WWTP aeration tanks is insufficient for CLs degradation. These findings highlight CLs as a potential emerging pollutant, emphasizing their persistence in sludge or migration into watercourses and soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengfei Qiao, Jie Liu, Liqiang Jin, Feifei Zhang, Zhonghe Feng, Yulu Wang
{"title":"Ecofriendly and sustainable metal-free leather tanning using novel poly(carbamoyl sulfonate) technology","authors":"Pengfei Qiao, Jie Liu, Liqiang Jin, Feifei Zhang, Zhonghe Feng, Yulu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s42825-025-00190-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42825-025-00190-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite its potential as a metal-free tanning agent capable of eliminating Cr pollution in the leather industry, the conventional preparation of poly(carbamoyl sulfonate) faces challenges, such as the extensive use of low-boiling organic solvents and low blocking ratios of –NCO groups. Herein, a liquid sulfonate chain extender, 2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonic acid triethylamine salt (DHPSTEA), was initially synthesized. A series of poly(carbamoyl sulfonate) tanning agents (CTAS) were then synthesized using DHPSTEA and various diisocyanates as reaction monomers, with sodium bisulfite serving as the blocking agent and without utilizing organic solvents. CTAS demonstrated a blocking ratio of > 99% and satisfactory stability under acidic conditions at room temperature. Application experiments revealed that CTAS exhibited excellent tanning performance, with the parent diisocyanate monomer markedly influencing their tanning properties. CTAS synthesized with dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate resulted in optimal product performance, yielding a shrinkage temperature of 83.2 °C at a 6% dosage. CTAS-tanned leather displayed excellent collagen fiber dispersion, yellowing resistance and mechanical properties. Additionally, CTAS is easy to biodegrade (BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD > 0.45). Thus, this novel metal-free tanning agent holds a great potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional chrome tanning agent.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://JLSE.SpringerOpen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42825-025-00190-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei LI, Wuren XIE, Saijun WU, Yanhua SHUAI, Xingzhi MA
{"title":"Data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields and its influencing factors","authors":"Wei LI, Wuren XIE, Saijun WU, Yanhua SHUAI, Xingzhi MA","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60572-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60572-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation water sample in oil and gas fields may be polluted in processes of testing, trial production, collection, storage, transportation and analysis, making the properties of formation water not be reflected truly. This paper discusses identification methods and the data credibility evaluation method for formation water in oil and gas fields of petroliferous basins within China. The results of the study show that: (1) the identification methods of formation water include the basic methods of single factors such as physical characteristics, water composition characteristics, water type characteristics, and characteristic coefficients, as well as the comprehensive evaluation method of data credibility proposed on this basis, which mainly relies on the correlation analysis sodium chloride coefficient (<em>r</em><sub>Na</sub>/<em>r</em><sub>Cl</sub>) and desulfurization coefficient [<em>r</em><sub>SO4</sub>×100/(<em>r</em><sub>Cl</sub>+ <em>r</em><sub>SO4</sub>)] and combines geological background evaluation; (2) The basic identifying methods for formation water enable the preliminary identification of hydrochemical data and the preliminary screening of data on site, the proposed comprehensive method realizes the evaluation by classifying the CaCl<sub>2</sub>-type water into types A-I to A-VI and the NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-type water into types B-I to B-IV, so that researchers can make in-depth evaluation on the credibility of hydrochemical data and analysis of influencing factors; (3) When the basic methods are used to identify the formation water, the formation water containing anions such as CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, OH<sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, or the formation water with the sodium chloride coefficient and desulphurization coefficient not matching the geological setting, are all invaded with surface water or polluted by working fluid; (4) When the comprehensive method is used, the data credibility of A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II formation water can be evaluated effectively and accurately only if the geological setting analysis in respect of the factors such as formation environment, sampling conditions, condensate water, acid fluid, leaching of ancient weathering crust, and ancient atmospheric fresh water, is combined, although such formation water is believed with high credibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 361-376"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani , Ali Alnujaie , Pham Van Vinh
{"title":"A general viscoelastic foundation model for vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich plate with auxetic core","authors":"Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani , Ali Alnujaie , Pham Van Vinh","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a significant advancement in the vibration analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates with auxetic cores by introducing a general viscoelastic foundation model that more accurately reflects the complex interactions between the plate and the foundation. The novelty of this study is that the proposed viscoelastic foundation model incorporates elastic and damping effects in both the Winkler and Pasternak layers. To develop the theoretical framework for this analysis, the higher-order shear deformation theory is employed, while Hamilton's principle is used to derive the governing equations of motion. The closed-form solution is used to determine the damped vibration behaviors of the sandwich plates. The precision and robustness of the proposed mathematical model are validated through several comparison studies with existing numerical results. A detailed parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters, including the elastic and damping coefficients of the foundation, the material gradation, and the properties of the auxetic core on the vibration behavior of the plates. The numerical results provide new insights into the vibration characteristics of sandwich plates with auxetic cores resting on viscoelastic foundation, highlighting the significant role of the two damping coefficients and auxetic cores in the visco-vibration behavior of the plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 40-58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on the performance of ZnOHF for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO","authors":"Shuling CHANG , Tingting SUN , Rongjing JIA , Lihong ZHANG , Yanhong XU","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60485-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60485-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective and efficient conversion of inert CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals by electrochemical methods is one of the important ways to alleviate the environmental and energy crisis. Non-precious metal Zn is often used in the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) to CO due to its abundant reserves, low price, good stability and non-toxic. However, it is still necessary to improve the catalytic performance of traditional Zn-based catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub>RR. In order to optimize the performance of Zn-based catalysts, pure ZnOHF sample was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effect of heat treatment on the structure, texture and electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>RR performance of the samples was investigated. The electrocatalytic evaluation results revealed that the heat-treated ZnOHF sample showed better activity and CO selectivity compared with untreated sample. The Faraday efficiency of CO (FE<sub>CO</sub>) reached 77.4% at −1.15V <em>vs.</em> RHE. Even at potential of −1.05 V <em>vs.</em> RHE, the current density and FE<sub>CO</sub> could be stabilized at −6.17 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 72% in 5 h. This was because heat treatment optimized the amount of surface hydroxyl of ZnOHF. The microcrystalline particles became uniform and fine. The roughness and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) also increased, thus exposing more active sites and promoting the adsorption and activation of CO<sub>2</sub> as well as the desorption of CO. This study provides experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the design and development of Zn-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>RR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 452-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
燃料化学学报Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60506-2
Jingzhou WANG, Chenzhong YAO, Xisheng ZHANG, Ziwei MA
{"title":"Preparation CuxCo1–x for photocatalytic conversion of CO2","authors":"Jingzhou WANG, Chenzhong YAO, Xisheng ZHANG, Ziwei MA","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60506-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60506-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal nanoparticles with high surface area and high electrochemical activity exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). However, poor stability, small specific surface area, and less active sites limits its solar energy utilization. Hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize the bimetallic material of Cu<sub><em>x</em></sub>Co<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub> in this work. Co was loaded onto the Cu surface due to the electrons generated by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect occurring on the Cu surface. Cu<sub><em>x</em></sub>Co<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub> exhibits high photocatalytic conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> efficiency under irradiation, which mainly because the Co nanoparticles on the surface of Cu can be used as cocatalysts to enhance the photocharge transfer. Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.4</sub> exhibits the comparatively best photocatalytic conversion efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> in the first 6 h light irradiation. The yields of CO and CH<sub>4</sub> reached 35.26 and 2.71 μmol/(g·h), respectively. Upon illumination, electrons were produced, with the majority of them moving towards the interface. This movement contributes to the increased lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which in turn boosts the photocatalytic efficiency. The findings of this research provide significant insights for creating photocatalysts that are both highly effective and stable in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 4","pages":"Pages 462-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianhua ZHAO , Keyu LIU , Shenghui ZHAO , Qinhong HU , Wei WU , Yang CHEN , Guoheng LIU , Junqian LI , Lingjie YU , Zuhui YOU , Ye WANG
{"title":"Response of organic matter pore development to functional groups in overmature marine shale: Insights from AFM-IR spectroscopy","authors":"Jianhua ZHAO , Keyu LIU , Shenghui ZHAO , Qinhong HU , Wei WU , Yang CHEN , Guoheng LIU , Junqian LI , Lingjie YU , Zuhui YOU , Ye WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60578-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60578-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example, this study employs atomic force microscopy-based infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the submicron-scale molecular functional groups of different types and occurrences of organic matter. Combined with the quantitative evaluation of pore development via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the response of organic pore formation and evolution mechanisms to chemical composition and structural evolution of organic matter in overmature marine shale is investigated. The results indicate that the AFM-IR spectra of graptolite periderms and pyrobitumen in shale are dominated by the stretching vibrations of conjugated C=C bonds in aromatic compounds at approximately 1 600 cm<sup>-1</sup>, with weak absorption peaks near 1 375, 1 450 and 1 720 cm<sup>-1</sup>, corresponding to aliphatic chains and carbonyl/carboxyl functional groups. Overall, the AFM-IR structural indices (A and C factors) of organic matter show a strong correlation with visible porosity in shales of equivalent maturity. Lower A and C factor values correlate with enhanced development of organic pores, which is associated with the detachment of more aliphatic chains and oxygen-containing functional groups during thermal evolution. Pyrobitumen-clay mineral composites generally exhibit superior pore development, likely attributable to clay mineral dehydration participating in hydrocarbon generation reactions that promote the removal of more functional groups. Additionally, hydrocarbon generation within organic-clay composites during high–over mature stages may induce volumetric expansion, resulting in microfracturing and hydrocarbon expulsion. The associated higher hydrocarbon expulsion rates promote the formation of larger pores and fracture-shaped pores along the flake-shaped clay minerals. This study highlights that the research of submicron-scale molecular functional groups provides a deeper understanding of organic matter evolution and pores development mechanisms in overmature shales, thereby offering critical theoretical parameters for reservoir evaluation in shale oil and gas exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 445-458"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cao WEI , Haitao LI , Xiaohua ZHU , Nan ZHANG , Hongwen LUO , Kun TU , Shiqing CHENG
{"title":"Fracture parameter diagnostic method during staged multi-cluster fracturing based on distributed temperature sensing","authors":"Cao WEI , Haitao LI , Xiaohua ZHU , Nan ZHANG , Hongwen LUO , Kun TU , Shiqing CHENG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60582-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60582-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Carter model is used to characterize the dynamic behaviors of fracture growth and fracturing fluid leakoff. A thermo-fluid coupling temperature response forward model is built considering the fluid flow and heat transfer in wellbore, fracture and reservoir. The influences of fracturing parameters and fracture parameters on the responses of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) are analyzed, and a diagnosis method of fracture parameters is presented based on the simulated annealing algorithm. A field case study is introduced to verify the model's reliability. Typical V-shaped characteristics can be observed from the DTS responses in the multi-cluster fracturing process, with locations corresponding to the hydraulic fractures. The V-shape depth is shallower for a higher injection rate and longer fracturing and shut-in time. Also, the V-shape is wider for a higher fracture-surface leakoff coefficient, longer fracturing time and smaller fracture width. Additionally, the cooling effect near the wellbore continues to spread into the reservoir during the shut-in period, causing the DTS temperature to decrease instead of rise. Real-time monitoring and interpretation of DTS temperature data can help understand the fracture propagation during fracturing operation, so that immediate measures can be taken to improve the fracturing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 496-505"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caineng ZOU , Shixiang LI , Bo XIONG , Zhi YANG , Hanlin LIU , Guosheng ZHANG , Feng MA , Songqi PAN , Chunxiao GUAN , Yingbo LIANG , Boning TANG , Songtao WU , Yin LONG , Ziheng WANG
{"title":"Connotation, pathways, and significance of building China into an “energy powerhouse”;","authors":"Caineng ZOU , Shixiang LI , Bo XIONG , Zhi YANG , Hanlin LIU , Guosheng ZHANG , Feng MA , Songqi PAN , Chunxiao GUAN , Yingbo LIANG , Boning TANG , Songtao WU , Yin LONG , Ziheng WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60584-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60584-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By summarizing the characteristics of the global energy structure and China's energy resource endowment, this study analyzes the historical context and opportunities for China to build an “energy powerhouse”;, and proposes pathways and measures for its realization. It is indicated that the energy resource endowment in China is characterized by abundant coal, limited oil and gas, and vast renewable potential, coupled with an energy consumption structure characterized by high coal consumption, low oil and gas consumption, and rapidly growing renewable energy use. The “whole-energy system”; approach that integrates multi-energy complementarity, green development, stable supply, smart utilization and carbon neutrality is an effective solution to addressing energy transition and energy independence. To build an “energy powerhouse”;, China can follow the approach of the steady and orderly low-carbon development of fossil fuels, the safe and scaled development of new energy, the integrated development of a carbon-neutral “whole-energy system”;, and the shared development of the “Belt and Road”; energy corridor. The construction of an “energy powerhouse”; should follow a “three-phase”; strategic pathway: from 2025 to 2030, achieving peak primary energy consumption and “carbon peaking”;; from 2031 to 2050, energy production will achieve parity with consumption for the first time, striving for “energy independence”;; and from 2051 to 2060, aiming for “carbon neutrality”;, and establishing an “energy powerhouse”;. Building an “energy powerhouse”; will fundamentally safeguard national energy security, advance the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, provide Chinese solutions for global energy transition and green Earth construction, and support the modernization and great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 519-535"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}