工业工程最新文献

{"title":"Detectability of multi-dimensional movement and behaviour in cattle using sensor data and machine learning algorithms: Study on a Charolais bull","authors":"Miklós Biszkup ,&nbsp;Gábor Vásárhelyi ,&nbsp;Nuri Nurlaila Setiawan ,&nbsp;Aliz Márton ,&nbsp;Szilárd Szentes ,&nbsp;Petra Balogh ,&nbsp;Barbara Babay-Török ,&nbsp;Gábor Pajor ,&nbsp;Dóra Drexler","doi":"10.1016/j.aiia.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiia.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of motion sensors for monitoring cattle behaviour has enabled farmers to predict the state of their cattle's welfare more efficiently. While most studies work with one dimensional output with disjunct behaviour categories, more accurate prediction can still be achieved by including complex movements and enriching the sensor algorithm to detect multi-dimensional movements, i.e., more than one movement occurring simultaneously. This paper presents such a machine-learning method for analysing overlapping independent movements. The output of the method consists of automatically recognized complex behaviour patterns that can be used for measuring animal welfare, predicting calving, or detecting early signs of diseases. This study combines automated motion sensors (i.e., halter and pedometer) for ruminants known as RumiWatch mounted on a Charolais fattening bull and camera observation. Fourteen types of complex movements were identified, i.e., defecating-urinating, eating, drinking, getting up, head movement, licking, lying down, lying, playing-aggression, rubbing, ruminating, sleeping, standing, and stepping. As multiple parallel binary classificators were used, the system was able to recognize parallel behavioural patterns with high fidelity. Two types of machine learning, i.e., Support Vector Classification (SVC) and RandomForest were used to recognize different general and non-general forms of movement. Results from these two supervised learning systems were compared. A continuous forty-eight hours of video were annotated to train the systems and validate their predictions. The success rate of both classifiers in recognizing special movements from both sensors or separately in different settings (i.e., window and padding) was examined. Although the two classifiers produced different results, the ideal settings showed that all forms of movement in the subject animal were successfully recognized with high accuracy. More studies using more individual animals and different ruminants would increase our knowledge on enhancing the system's performance and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52814,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in the Metabolic Engineering of <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> for the Synthesis of Terpenes.","authors":"Shun-Cheng Liu, Longxing Xu, Yuejia Sun, Lijie Yuan, Hong Xu, Xiaoming Song, Liangdan Sun","doi":"10.34133/bdr.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bdr.0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terpenes are natural secondary metabolites with isoprene as the basic structural unit; they are widely found in nature and have potential applications as advanced fuels, pharmaceutical ingredients, and agricultural chemicals. However, traditional methods are inefficient for obtaining terpenes because of complex processes, low yields, and environmental unfriendliness. The unconventional oleaginous yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>, with a clear genetic background and complete gene editing tools, has attracted increasing attention for terpenoid synthesis. Here, we review the synthetic biology tools for <i>Y. lipolytica</i>, including promoters, terminators, selection markers, and autonomously replicating sequences. The progress and emerging trends in the metabolic engineering of <i>Y. lipolytica</i> for terpenoid synthesis are further summarized. Finally, potential future research directions are envisioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":56832,"journal":{"name":"生物设计研究(英文)","volume":"6 ","pages":"0051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide residues in tropical agricultural soils: Distribution, seasonality, and earthworm ecological risk","authors":"E. Lucero Sánchez-del Cid ,&nbsp;Jaime Rendón-von Osten ,&nbsp;Ma del Carmen Ángeles González-Chávez ,&nbsp;Arturo Torres-Dosal ,&nbsp;Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contamination by pesticide residues is associated with agricultural intensification in tropical regions and endangers human health and the environment. A mixture of pesticide residues and their degradation products persist in agricultural soils and represent a risk to soil organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the concentration and distribution of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticide residues in agricultural soils where the industrial cultivation of maize and soybeans is intensively carried out, at three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm) and during two seasons (rainy and dry). Likewise, we performed the ecological risk assessment of those found pesticide residues on two earthworm species, <em>Eisena fetida</em>, and <em>Aporrectoda calagionsa</em>. We calculated the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER) using Predicted no Effect Concentrations (PNEC) and measured concentrations in soils, for identifying the risk of pesticide residues separately. The Risk Quotient (RQ) method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of pesticide residue mixtures in soils from each cropping system. Endrin ketone and dieldrin were the pesticide residues with the highest frequency of detection. The highest concentration in the study was found in a soil sample from maize crops in the dry season at 15–30 cm depth (2917 ng/g). The pesticide mixture from soil samples belonging to maize (0–5 cm) and soybean (5–15 cm) crops in dry season posed the highest ecological risk for <em>A. caliginosa</em> with 100 %, and a maximum RQ of 82.2. Endrin ketone is the OC that contributed most to the overall toxicity of the pesticide mixture in soil samples from maize crop and dieldrin in soil samples from soybean crop. Among OP, disulfoton contributed most to RQsite in soybean crop and methyl parathion in maize crop. Results pointed out the need to apply alternatives to remediate obsolete pesticide residues and restrict the use of methyl parathion and disulfoton in maize and soybean crops, to reduce the ecological risk that represent for earthworms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels, distribution profiles and risk assessment of chlorinated organophosphate esters in car and road dust from Basrah, Iraq","authors":"Layla Salih Al-Omran ,&nbsp;Banan Baqer Hashim ,&nbsp;William A. Stubbings ,&nbsp;Stuart Harrad","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence, concentrations, and distribution profiles of chlorinated organophosphate esters (Cl-OPEs) were investigated in seventy-one car and road dust samples collected from Basrah, southern Iraq. In addition, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) via dust ingestion were assessed for toddlers, regular adults, and taxi drivers. In car dust samples, the concentrations of Σ₃Cl-OPEs ranged from 4120 to 73200 ng/g (median 11700 ng/g) with tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) the predominant compound. In road dust samples, the concentrations of Σ₃Cl-OPEs ranged from 269 to 3400 ng/g (median 373 ng/g) and 114–526 ng/g (median 222 ng/g) in urban and rural areas, respectively, with tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), predominant. Concentrations of Cl-OPEs in urban road dust are significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than those in rural road dust, suggesting commercial and industrial activity, population density, and heavy traffic may influence the concentrations. The different compositional profiles of Cl-OPEs in car and road dust may be attributed to the physicochemical properties of Cl-OPEs and the pathways through which they can be released into indoor and outdoor environments. EDI values of Cl-OPEs for the Iraqi population via car dust ingestion were in the order: toddlers &gt; taxi drivers &gt; regular adults, exceeding those via road dust by factors of 27 and 40 from urban and rural dust, respectively. For people who work as taxi drivers, EDIs were seven times higher than those of regular adults, implying that people - such as professional drivers - who spend a substantial amount of time in their vehicles may be exposed to hazardous levels of Cl-OPEs. Despite the study showing that the EDIs through dust ingestion for the three population groups were well below the reference dose (RfD) levels, further studies are recommended to assess other pathways, such as inhalation, dietary sources, and dermal absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics, Transport Routes, and Potential Sources of PM_2.5 and O₃ Pollution in Suzhou].","authors":"Jie Yang, Jia-Xing Zheng, Ting-Ting Xu, Yu-Lian Wu, Shi-Ye Kan, Chun-Qi Shen, Zhi-Juan Shao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the air quality and meteorological data in Suzhou from 2015 to 2022, the long-term variations in PM_2.5 and O₃, meteorological characteristics, and their correlations were analyzed in this study. The HYSPLIT model was used to explore the main transport pathways and potential source areas of PM_2.5 and O₃. The results showed that： ① The annual averaged concentrations of PM_2.5 in Suzhou decreased steadily during the study period, and the annual average concentration from 2020 to 2022 reached the national second-level standard limit. However, the annual average concentrations of O₃ all exceeded the national second-level standard limit. After 2017, the annual number of days that O₃ exceeded the standard was always higher than that for PM_2.5. The number of days of compound pollution continuously decreased from nine days in 2015 to zero days in 2020, and there was no compound pollution since then. ② The most severe pollution seasons for PM_2.5 and O₃ were winter and summer, respectively. PM_2.5 pollution was more likely to occur in low-temperature and high-humidity weather, while O₃ pollution was more frequent in high-temperature and low-humidity weather. Wind direction played an important role, with northwest winds amplifying PM_2.5 pollution and southeast winds boosting O₃. These two pollutants showed a strong correlation in summer with a coefficient reaching 0.73. ③ Cluster analysis revealed that trajectory two from Hebei Province in spring and trajectory four from Shaanxi Province in winter were prone to an increase in PM_2.5 concentration. The short to medium distance trajectory 1 from Shandong Province in summer and trajectory two from Hebei Province in spring were prone to an increase in O₃ concentration. ④ The analysis of potential source areas showed that transportation outside the province had a significant impact on PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in Suzhou. The potential source areas of PM_2.5 in spring and winter were mainly distributed in Anhui Province, Henan Province, and Hubei Province； the potential source areas in autumn were mainly distributed in Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province； and the potential source areas of O₃ in spring and summer were mainly located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Shandong Province, Henan Province, and Shanxi Province. Valuable management insights for the coordinated control of PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in Suzhou were put forward based on this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6238-6247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Carbon Emission Influencing Factors and Abatement Cost Calculation of Households in Northern Counties: A Case Study of Fengning County, Hebei].","authors":"Jin-Long Ma, Meng-Ying Cao, Bei-Qing Ge","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the economic development and the pace of urbanization, the rising living standard of the urban population has been accompanied with the increase in household carbon emissions in China, and it is of importance to understand the characteristics of the carbon emissions in order to support green energy transitions and sustainable development. Based on the household survey data and using the \"Lifestyle calculator-for individuals\" developed by the United Nations Climate Change Organization, this study analyzes urban household carbon emissions in Fengning County, Hebei Province, a typical county in North China. We applied the Lasso regression and Random Forest Models （RFMs）, assessing the impacts of relevant factors on household emissions. Through techno-economic analysis, we estimated the costs of various emission reduction measures. RThe results revealed that household carbon emissions were mostly related to energy use, transport, shopping, and dining, which accounted for 33.36%, 15.14%, 23.81%, and 27.90% of the total emissions, respectively. The factors affecting the household emission level included： the means of transport, household heating, efficiency of home appliances, household size, and the amount of electricity and natural gas consumed. Using new energy vehicles, centralized heating and energy-efficient appliances could cut carbon emissions significantly. In terms of the costs of emission abatement of different measures, choosing energy-efficient appliances and green transport were among the lowest-cost options； building energy-saving retrofitting could result in the highest reduction, and energy substitution required the highest investment. The emission reduction potential in Fengning was assessed, and discussions were made to draw policy recommendations supporting emission reduction in the household sector and facilitate low-carbon and green lifestyle development in Chinese counties.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6412-6421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Estimation of Near-surface NO₂ Concentration in Guangdong Province Based on Catboost Model].","authors":"Hong-Fei Zhang, Ning Du, Li Wang, Xian-Yun Zhang, De-Cai Gong, Long Li","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen oxide （NO<i>_x</i>） is an important air pollutant in the atmosphere, and nitrogen dioxide （NO₂） is one of its main components. The monitoring and estimation of NO₂ concentration is very important for environmental protection and public health. The near-real-time nitrogen dioxide concentration data （NRTI NO₂）, ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data, and DEM data provided by Sentinel-5P atmospheric pollution monitoring satellite were used as estimation variables to estimate the near-surface NO₂ concentration in Guangdong Province based on the Catboost model. The results showed that： ① The Catboost model estimated the near-surface NO₂ concentration with the highest accuracy, with the coefficient of determination （<i>R</i>²）, root mean square error （RMSE）, and mean absolute error （MAE） of the model fit reaching 0.91, 4.89 μg·m^-3, and 3.45 μg·m^-3 and the cross-validated <i>R</i>², RMSE, and MAE reaching 0.90, 4.91 μg·m^-3, and 3.43 μg·m^-3, with good stability on the monthly and quarterly scales. ② The monthly average NO₂ concentration near the surface of Guangdong Province showed a U-shaped trend, with the highest value of 43.8 μg·m^-3 in January and the lowest value of 14.37 μg·m^-3 in July. The seasonal distribution of the near-surface NO₂ concentration was characterized by \"high during winter and low during summer and transitional during spring and autumn,\" and the NO₂ concentration in each season was in the following order： winter （27.53 μg·m^-3） &gt; spring （20.77 μg·m^-3） &gt; autumn （18.77 μg·m^-3） &gt; summer （14.85 μg·m^-3）. ③ From a spatial distribution perspective, areas with high near-surface NO₂ values in Guangdong Province were mainly located in rapidly developing and densely populated areas, while areas with low values were mainly distributed in areas focusing on port economy, agriculture, and new energy sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6276-6285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of Change in Meteorological Conditions on PM_2.5 Air Quality Improvement in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using Process Analysis].","authors":"Guo-Bin Zhang, Jing-Yuan Cao, Xiong-Hui Qiu, Lin Peng","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The air quality has significantly improved since the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in 2013. The effect of meteorological conditions on air quality improvement is complex, including affecting the emission, transport, diffusion, chemical transformation, and other processes of air pollutants. Based on the WRF-CMAQ model and process analysis （PA） tool, this study evaluates the impact of meteorological factor changes on the improvement of PM_2.5 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2013 to 2020 and further analyzes the role of meteorological conditions on the diffusion, transport, and transformation of atmospheric pollutants. The results provided the technical support for improving air quality in China. The changed meteorological conditions resulted in the PM_2.5 concentration decreasing by 5.4 μg·m^-3 during the 2013-2017 period and increasing by 11.6 μg·m^-3 from 2017-2020. From 2013 to 2017, aerosol chemical processes, vertical transmission, and horizontal transmission processes were the main processes affecting the PM_2.5 improvement. Conversely, the change in meteorological conditions contributed little to the reduction of PM_2.5 level, which is mainly affected by aerosol chemical processes, horizontal transmission, and vertical transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6219-6228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Optical Characteristics and Source Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter in Hypersaline Lakes in Cold and Arid Regions].","authors":"Shi-Huan Wang, Xiao-Hong Shi, Sheng-Nan Zhao, Yu-Long Tao, Biao Sun, Wei-Ying Feng, Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The composition and source information of the aquatic dissolved organic matter （DOM） in the Daihai Lake, a typical saline lake at the ecologically fragile agro-pastoral area, were explored with three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence （3DEEM）, parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC）, and fluorescence peaks （B, T, A, M, C, D, and N）. Further, the relationship between aquatic DOM fluorescence characteristics and environmental factors were analyzed using correlation analysis in the Daihai Lake. The results showed that the water of Daihai was weakly alkaline, with high nutrient salt concentration and serious organic pollution. Two protein-like substances （C1 and C3） and one humic-like substance （C2） were identified using PARAFAC. The sum of C1 + C2 accounted for 80% of DOM. The results of fluorescence peaks showed that the total percentage of protein-like fluorescence absorption peaks （B, T, and N） was 49.67%. Aquatic DOM of Daihai demonstrated both terrigenous and endogenous characteristics. Terrestrial inputs were mainly from intensive agricultural activities and rapid ecological degradation of the watershed leading to large amounts of organic matter entering the lake. The environmental behavior of DOM was highly correlated with the metabolic activity of organisms and nutrient status of lakes. NH₄⁺-N, DOP, TP, DO, and permanganate index characterized the effect of the lake trophic state on DOM composition. DO, SAL, and Chla were mainly related to microbial metabolic processes （<i>P</i>&lt;0.05）. This study provides basic data and insights for the improvement of inland lake environments in saline lakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6574-6582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Microplastics in the Xiamen Houxi River Watershed].","authors":"Qi-Ming Liu, Jin-Mei Lin, Yun-Feng Huang, Ning Huang, Si Li, Hai-Tao Liang, Ming-Hua Lin","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics, defined as minuscule plastic particles measuring less than five millimeters （5 mm） in size, have become pervasive in various environments. Watershed areas, perpetually subjected to escalating human activities, face a growing and persistent threat from microplastic pollution. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and ecological risk posed by microplastic pollution in the Houxi River watershed of Xiamen. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, employing field sampling, stereomicroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as the risk index （<i>H</i>） and pollution load index （PLI） model. The findings revealed a 100% detection rate of microplastics at various points within the watershed. The average abundance of microplastics in water, sediment, and soil was found to be （3.65±0.51） n·L^-1, （354.56±18.22） n·kg^-1, and （1 509.55±69.90） n·kg^-1, respectively. Significantly lower microplastic abundance was observed in the upper reaches of the watershed, attributed to the enhanced ecological protection in this area. In contrast, the middle and lower reaches, characterized by dense populations, exhibited higher microplastic levels due to increased production and domestic pollution. The majority of microplastics had a particle size of &lt; 0.5 mm, constituting an average proportion of over 70%. Larger particles exhibited a smaller proportion. Fragmented particles dominated in shape, comprising over 50%, followed by fibers and films, with foam having the lowest proportion. The predominant polymer type identified in microplastics was PE, accounting for over 50%, followed by PP, while PET and PA represented the least. The regional microplastic risk index （<i>H</i>） consistently fell within the low-risk level I, yet it approached the level II risk. The pollution load index （PLI） of microplastics indicated a low-risk level I. These findings contribute valuable insights for regional microplastic pollution prevention and risk assessment efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6625-6631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}