工业工程最新文献

{"title":"[Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Seasonal Change of Different Vegetation Buffer Zones in Duliujian River].","authors":"Tian-Yu Zhang, Yan Zhang, Qi Jia, Shuang Zhou, Tian-le Li, Cong-Xiao Li, Fu-de Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different vegetation types may affect the accumulation and transformation of soil organic carbon （SOC）, but it is unclear whether the organic carbon fixation is realized by litter input and/or root control of environmental factors and dissolved organic matter （DOM） of soils. In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics of easily oxidizable organic carbon （EOC）, dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, particulate organic carbon （POC）, mineral-bound organic carbon （MAOC）, and their seasonal variations in the surface soil （0-10 cm） were studied in different vegetation zones of the arbor forest （at the upper position）, the mixed forest of arbor and shrub （at the middle position）, and the waterfront vegetation （at the bottom position） in the ecological embankment of Duliujian River, Tianjin, China. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil DOM components and their seasonal changes were also analyzed by combining UV-visible spectroscopy and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that： ① The accumulation of SOC was significantly higher in the waterfront vegetation than in the arbor forest and the mixed forest of arbor and shrub in summer, whereas the opposite was true during the spring season. It was indicated that the root input of the soil was the key driving factor for determining the accumulation of SOC in summer, whereas the input quality of above-ground litters was more important for the sequestration of SOC in spring. ② Differences in DOM fractions explained the fixation and transformation pathways of SOC in different seasons, with humus-derived DOM in spring promoting the transformation of DOC to POC and MAOC and microbial-derived DOM in summer advancing the transfer of EOC to MAOC under the action of microorganisms. ③ Soil physicochemical properties had less direct influences on SOC, which preferentially affected SOC accumulation by regulating the composition as well as the chemical structure of soil DOM. ④ The structural equation modeling indicated that water content （MC） and total phosphorus （TP） were directly involved in SOC transport and transformation, whereas ammonium nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO₃^--N）, electrical conductivity （EC）, available phosphorus （AP）, pH, K⁺, and Na⁺ indirectly affected SOC accumulation mediated by DOM from humus and microbial sources. In summary, the present study elucidated that the trade-off mechanisms affecting SOC sequestration in the critical functional zone along the land-river ecotone, and the results can provide theoretical support for further exploring the constructive methods of ecological corridors and the pathways of carbon sequestration and sink enhancement in the \"watershed-estuary-offshore\" system of the coastal rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6527-6537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Water Transformation Relationship in Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin Based on Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes].","authors":"Sen-Sen Pei, Yan-Yun Luo, Hao Pan, Cai-Qi Cui, Bo Zhang, Jian-Xun Ji, Li-Min Duan, Ping Miao, Guo-Qiang Wang, Ting-Xi Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By collecting the atmospheric precipitation, surface water, and groundwater in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin in July 2021 （wet season）, October （normal season）, and April 2022 （dry season）, stable isotope technology was used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the \"three rivers\" of the basin, and the MixSIAR mixing model was used to reveal the water body transformation relationship. The results showed that the mean difference in the groundwater isotope was small in the abundance period, flat period, and dry period in the Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin. The groundwater regeneration was slow, the retention time was long, the seasonal variation was not obvious, and the <i>δ</i>D value of surface water was higher in the abundance period than in the normal period and dry period. According to the <i>δ</i>¹⁸O and <i>δ</i>D diagrams, the slope and intercept of surface water lines in the three periods were smaller than those of local precipitation lines, and surface water was affected by evaporative fractionation after receiving precipitation recharge. The <i>δ</i>D values of surface water on the north bank of the Yellow River showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from upstream to downstream, while the <i>δ</i>D values of surface water on the south bank of the Yellow River showed a trend of gradually decreasing from upstream to downstream. The recharge contribution of groundwater in surface water in the high-water period accounted for 2.9%, precipitation accounted for 97.1%, surface water accounted for 5.0%, atmospheric precipitation accounted for 95.0%, surface water accounted for 56.6%, and precipitation accounted for 43.4%, and the recharge contributions of precipitation and surface water to groundwater in the high water period were 47.6% and 52.4%, respectively. Those in the normal period were 30.7% and 69.3%, and those in the dry period were 37.8% and 62.2%, respectively. Atmospheric precipitation was the main replenishment source of surface water, showing that the replenishment ratio in the wet season was larger than that in the normal season and dry season, which was closely related to the total precipitation and its distribution in each period. Surface water was the main replenishment source of groundwater, showing that dry season &gt; normal season &gt; wet season.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6604-6615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sensitivity Analysis of Ozone Generation in Guangdong Province Based on OMI Satellite and Ground Observation Data].","authors":"Yan-Ni Liang, Xing-Hui Wang, Shu-Min Qi, Jian-Min Xu, Run Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on Ozone （O₃） Monitoring Instrument satellite remoting sensing data and reanalysis meteorological data, an analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal distribution and trends of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide （NO₂） and formaldehyde （HCHO） in Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2020. The study also examined the changing characteristics of O₃ generation sensitivity in relation to meteorological parameters. The results indicated that during 2015-2020, the tropospheric NO₂ column concentration in Guangdong Province exhibited a distribution pattern with the Pearl River Delta （PRD） Region as the high-value center gradually decreasing towards the surrounding areas, with the most substantial decline observed in the Pearl River Delta. The HCHO column concentration showed a pattern of higher values in the PRD and lower values in the other regions. While most areas exhibited a decreasing trend in HCHO column concentration, the spatial distribution was more dispersed compared to that of NO₂. In most regions, the ratio of HCHO to NO₂ （FNR） showed an increasing trend. The area under VOCs-NO<i>_x</i> synergistic control decreased, whereas the area under NO<i>_x</i> control increased. By 2020, the proportions of VOCs control area, VOCs-NO<i>_x</i> synergistic control area, and NO<i>_x</i> control area in Guangdong Province were 0.5%, 13.1%, and 86.4%, respectively. The FNR value showed an increasing trend； a positive correlation with 2 m temperature, relative humidity, downward surface shortwave radiation, and boundary layer height； and a negative correlation with 10 m wind speed and sea level pressure. The three most influential meteorological factors were downward surface shortwave radiation（DSSR）, relative humidity, and 2 m temperature, impacting the FNR value the most.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6248-6254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Exogenous Substances on the Remediation of Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by <i>Pennisetum americanum</i>×<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> and <i>Helianthus annuus</i>].","authors":"Chuan-Qian He, Bo Gao, Xing-Feng Zhang, Min-Ni Chen, Qian-Kui Yu, Mao-Sheng Hu, Hong-Xu Chen, Ye-Xi Liang, Hai-Feng Yi, Peng-Wei Zhang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of exogenous substances has important effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions and phytoremediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. <i>Pennisetum americanum</i>×<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i> and <i>Helianthus annuus</i> were used as remediation plants in this study. The effects of different exogenous substances on phytoremediation and greenhouse gas emissions of heavy metal-contaminated soil were studied. The results showed that the application of exogenous substances had little effect on the pH value of <i>P. americanum</i>×<i>P. purpureum</i> soil but significantly reduced the pH value of <i>H. annuus</i> soil compared with that of the background soil. The application of potassium fertilizer （KCl） increased the biomass of plants, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （CAT）, and improved the stress resistance of <i>H. annuus</i>. The application of gibberellin （GA₃） and indole butyric acid （IBA） decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and alleviated the stress of heavy metals in <i>H. annuus.</i> The KCl and EDDS treatments affected the accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants, respectively. The application of KCl significantly increased the accumulation of Cd in <i>P. americanum</i>×<i>P. purpureum</i> and <i>H. annuus</i> and the accumulation of Cd in <i>P. americanum</i>×<i>P. purpureum</i> roots, and the application of EDDS significantly increased the accumulation of Pb in <i>H. annuus</i> shoots and <i>H. annuus</i> roots. Compared with those in the CK treatment, the application of KCl and EDDS could reduce the cumulative CO₂ emissions in soil, which were 20.4% and 5.0% in <i>P. americanum</i>×<i>P. purpureum</i> planting soil and 15.8% and 45.9% in <i>H. annuus</i> planting soil, respectively. However, the application of GA₃ and IBA could increase the cumulative CO₂ emissions. Exogenous substance treatment increased the cumulative N₂O emissions of <i>P. americanum</i>×<i>P. purpureum</i> soil but decreased the cumulative N₂O emissions of <i>H. annuus</i> soil to different degrees. Compared with those in the CK treatment, the application of KCl and GA₃ significantly reduced the cumulative N₂O emissions of <i>H. annuus</i> by 40.5% and 43.5%, respectively. The application of EDDS and IBA reduced the cumulative N₂O emissions by 20.1% and 28.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of GA₃ and IBA alleviated the heavy metal stress of <i>H. annuus</i>, and the KCl and EDDS treatments enhanced phytoremediation efficiency and reduced soil greenhouse gas emissions to varying degrees.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6689-6703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the Influencing Mechanism of Space-time Heterogeneity of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in China].","authors":"Meng Su, Lin-Lin Xia","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction plays an important role in addressing global climate warming. Researching and revealing the spatial and temporal characteristics, as well as the influencing mechanisms of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, is of great significance for achieving the goals of green and low-carbon development in agriculture. This study examines the agricultural greenhouse gas emissions from 31 provinces （municipalities, autonomous regions） in China from 2000 to 2020. Through the use of geographic detectors, spatial econometric analysis, and other methods, it explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicated the following： ① From 2000 to 2020, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in China showed a development process of \"slow increase - sharp increase - sharp decrease.\" ② The spatial heterogeneity of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions was significant, forming three high emission areas in space： the central high emission area centered on Henan, the southern high emission area centered on Guangdong, and the southwestern high emission area centered on Sichuan. The center of gravity showed a trend of shifting northward and westward. ③ Rural population, regional gross domestic product, and agricultural output value were the dominant driving factors causing spatial heterogeneity of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. ④ Agricultural greenhouse gas emissions had spatial spillover effects. When formulating agricultural greenhouse gas reduction targets, it is necessary to adopt a coordinated control strategy among different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6775-6782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Multi-scale Spatial Balance and Matching Analysis of Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand in Hubei Province].","authors":"Hao-Xuan Yu, Jiang-Long Tang, Rong-Qing Chen","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In-depth study of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand and their multi-scale spatial matching patterns is crucial to achieving effective management of ecosystem services and formulating scientific ecological protection plans. Investigating the Hubei Province as a research region, this study employed diverse ecological models, such as InVEST, based on multiple data sources encompassing land use, meteorological conditions, and socio-economic factors. The objective was to quantitatively assess and spatially characterize the supply and demand dynamics of four ecosystem services-namely, carbon storage, water yield, soil conservation, and food provision-within the Hubei Province. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand, as well as the supply-demand ratio of ecosystem services at different scales, from 2000 to 2020. The bivariate Moran's <i>I</i> module in GeoDa was used to further explore the changes in the spatial matching patterns of four ecosystem services supply and demand between 2000 and 2020, as well as the differences in the spatial matching patterns of four ecosystem services supply and demand at different scales in 2020. The research results indicated that： ① Between 2000 and 2020, the total supply of the four ecosystem services in Hubei Province exhibited an overall increasing trend. Regarding total demand, all services, except for food supply, showed a growing trend. Except for soil conservation services, the other three services were in a state of oversupply. ② Except for soil conservation services, the other three services exhibited a polarized pattern with lower urban-rural supply-demand ratios and higher non-urban-rural supply-demand ratios. This pattern deepened progressively over the study period. ③ Significant regional variations were observed in the spatial matching of supply and demand for the four ecosystem services. ④ There were notable differences in the balance and matching of ecosystem service supply and demand at different scales. The research results can provide scientific basis for promoting the optimization of the supply and demand pattern of ecosystem services in Hubei Province and formulating more accurate and detailed ecological protection plans, promoting sustainable development in Hubei Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6477-6488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Screening for the Priority Crops in Over-standard Planting Region Based on the Difference in Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulated in Crops].","authors":"Yan-Xin Ren, Zhi-Xi Geng, Ning-Ning Song, Ting Zhang, Nan Zhang, Cui-Xia Wu, Wei Liu, Xi-Bai Zeng, Shi-Ming Su","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducting the screening and replanting of crops with low accumulation of heavy metals can effectively reduce the risk of heavy metal accumulation in agricultural products. However, current research focuses more on the screening of crops with low accumulation of a single heavy metal. Target crops also focus more on single-type crops and varieties. Research on the accumulation differences in arsenic and cadmium in different crop types and the priority recommendation list for the planting of low-accumulation crops is limited. This study used a combination of literature data meta-analysis and field survey methods to conduct the relevant work. The results showed that the range of arsenic and cadmium content in rice grains was 0.11-0.624 mg·kg^-1 and 0.01-1.935 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Under the same pollution level, rice had a relatively higher risk of accumulating arsenic and cadmium than that in maize and leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, and root and tuber vegetables. Some leafy vegetables had significantly higher arsenic and cadmium levels, and the difference in arsenic and cadmium accumulation ability between varieties of leafy vegetables was greater than that of other types of crops. The risk of arsenic and cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of maize, fruit vegetables, and root and tuber vegetables after replacing rice cultivation was more significant. Based on the above results, a priority recommendation list for the planting of low-accumulation crops based on pollution level was constructed. Field survey results showed that the list was reasonable to a certain extent. The relevant results of this study can provide effective reference for the optimization of crop type or variety selection and safe production in arsenic and cadmium-polluted soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6654-6664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Selenium Occurrence Characteristics and Bioavailability of Soil in the Hinterland of the Hetao Plain].","authors":"Yong-Chun Li, Jiu-Fen Liu, Xue-Zhen Li, Dong Zhang, Guo-Dong Chen, Yu-Chun-Zi Du, Wen-Hui Zhou","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to find out the influencing factors of soil selenium （Se） and bioavailability of Se, 1985 soil samples and 120 sets of crop and root soil samples were collected in the hinterland of the Hetao Plain, and the characteristics of soil Se, different forms of Se, and crop Se and heavy metal content were analyzed. The results showed that approximately 5.59% of soil samples exceeded the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land of GB15618-2018 standard, but the heavy metal content in crops was much lower than the standard value, suggesting that the overall risk of heavy metal pollution was low. Se had significant autocorrelation in soil and appeared enriched locally, which were mainly related to natural factors. The content of different forms of Se in root soil was ranked as： residue state &gt; humic acid state &gt; water soluble state ≈ strong organic state &gt; carbonate state &gt; ion exchange state &gt; iron and manganese oxidation state, this result showed that the characteristics of Se in root soil were high availability state, high potential availability state, and low unavailability state compared with those of most areas in China. At the same time, the results showed that water-soluble, ion exchange, and carbonate Se of root soil were significantly correlated with Se of crops,indicating that they were effective forms that could be absorbed and utilized by plants. According to the Se content and bioconcentration factor, different crops were ranked as： white melon seeds &gt; sunflowers &gt; corn. By means of cluster analysis and correlation analysis, the factors affecting the total Se and bioavailability of Se in soil were studied. It was concluded that soil texture, organic matter, and pH had opposite effects on Se and bioavailability of Se in soil. Factors such as clay soil, high organic matter, and low pH degree could promote the accumulation of Se in soil but also limited the activity of available Se. Based on crop and root soil sample data, the soil Se enrichment threshold was discussed. The results demonstrated that using \"<i>ω</i>（total Se）≥0.222 mg·kg^-1\" as the threshold, the proportion of soil Se enrichment was closer to the Se enrichment level of crops than others.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6734-6744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect and Mechanism of Water-soluble Chitosan Promoting Phytoremediation of Cd and/or Pb-contaminated Soils by <i>Sedum aizoon</i> L.]","authors":"Jun-Mei Guo, Yue-Xing Wei, Liu-Yue Wang, Xiao-Na Liu, Tian-Wei Qian, Guo-di Zheng, Jun-Xing Yang, Tong-Bin Chen, Bing-Xin Guo","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth response, concentration, and transportation characteristics of Cd and Pb in <i>Sedum aizoon</i> L. in four typical Cd/Pb-contaminated soils from northern and southern China with the addition of different levels of water-soluble chitosan （WSC）. The effect of WSC on physicochemical properties, Cd and Pb forms, and functional groups in contaminated soils was determined to clarify the internal mechanism of WSC promoting Cd and Pb accumulation by <i>S. aizoon</i>. The results showed that WSC improved the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil by increasing alkaline nitrogen and organic matter contents and significantly reducing pH values. In addition, WSC significantly increased the acid-extractable Cd and Pb in contaminated soils by 16.3%-34.5% and 88.9%-272.4%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis showed that amino （-NH₂） and hydroxyl （-OH） groups in soils were significantly increased by adding WSC. Therefore, the coordination of Cd/Pb with -NH₂ and -OH may play important roles in forming complexes and mobilizing Cd/Pb in soils. Moreover, the improvement in the rhizosphere environment of contaminated soils by WSC contributed to promoting Cd and Pb accumulation by <i>S. aizoon</i>. WSC significantly increased the total Cd and Pb accumulation by 14.5%-72.1% and 55.0%-128.5%, respectively, without obvious growth inhibition. Therefore, it is feasible to apply WSC to promote Cd/Pb accumulation using <i>S. aizoon</i>, while the matching of WSC addition amount, soil pollution condition, and plant materials should be further considered in practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6665-6676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Enhanced-efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers on Soil Quality, Microbial Metabolism, and Soil Ecosystem Multifunctionality of Spring Maize Under White Plastic Film Mulching].","authors":"Rui-Zhe Yang, Ze Yang, Ling-Ying Xu, Jing-Yue Zhang, Ju Wang, Xu-Cheng Zhang, Hong-Li Wang, Ting-Liang Li, Zhao-Hui Wang, Zi-Yan Li","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application is the main driving force threatening soil health and reducing multiple soil functions. The enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers （EENFs）, such as urease inhibitors （NBPT）, nitrification inhibitors （DCD）, and coated controlled-release urea （RCN）, have been proven to be effective measures for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application. However, the effects of EENFs on soil quality （SQI）, microbial metabolic characteristics, and soil ecosystem multifunctionality （EMF） and their internal relationships are still unclear. Therefore, based on the field positioning experiment started in 2019 by Pengyang Experimental Station of Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, we studied the effects of different fertilization strategies （no nitrogen fertilizer （N0）, mineral nitrogen fertilizer （N200）, DCD, NBPT, and RCN） on SQI, soil enzyme stoichiometry, and EMF under white plastic film mulching. The results revealed that： ① Compared with that under N0, N200 and EENFs increased soil total nitrogen （TN）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, and microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） contents. Compared to the SQI of N0 and N200, that of NBPT and DCD significantly increased by 59.97%-104.78% and 43.28%-83.42%, respectively, while RCN showed no significant change. ②EENFs can alleviate microbial carbon and nitrogen limitations better than N200 and increase soil EMF by 21.97% -51.53%. ③ The MBC, MBN, available nitrogen （AN）, available phosphorus （AP）, and water content （SWC） of soil factors were the common main factors affecting microbial C limitation, N limitation, and soil EMF. Moreover, the improvement in soil quality and alleviating microbial C and N limitation were conducive to improving soil EMF. Overall, the NBPT and DCD application under white plastic film mulching can achieve a win-win situation of soil health and EMF in the short term, which can provide references for optimizing local fertilization management measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"45 11","pages":"6745-6755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}