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{"title":"Microplastics aggravate zinc deficiency-induced inhibition of physiological-biochemical characteristics in apple rootstock Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings","authors":"Haoyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Hanxia Yu ,&nbsp;Adam Frew ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Yusen Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Beidou Xi ,&nbsp;Wenbing Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both microplastic (MP) pollution and zinc (Zn) deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants. However, the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored. In this study, a pot-culture experiment and ¹³C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in <em>Malus hupehensis</em> (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings. The results revealed significant reductions in biomass, gas exchange parameters, carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and photosynthetic parameters including <em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m, ΦPSII, ETR and <em>q</em>_p in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group. Notably, the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass (RR = −0.42) compared to the single Zn deficiency (RR = −0.37) and MP (RR = −0.26) treatments. Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (37.5 %) had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings, followed by ¹³C accumulation in various organs (26.7 %). MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis (Pn and Gs) under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m and ΦPSII), further reducing ¹³C accumulation in roots. In conclusion, the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency, weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves, and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots, thereby further inhibiting root growth. This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants, deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks, and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Copper-loaded microplastics unleash endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven liver apoptosis in fish Channa punctatus”","authors":"Jumman Bakhasha ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Saxena ,&nbsp;Neeti Arya ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Alok Srivastava ,&nbsp;Kamlesh K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Abha Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to significant microplastic pollution, posing threats to environmental and human health. Concerns are growing about the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and their ability to adsorb contaminants like Copper (Cu²⁺). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-MPs and Copper, both individually and together, with a particular focus on triggering Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven apoptosis in the liver of <em>Channa punctatus.</em> Well-habituated fish were organized into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs), Group III (0.85 mg/L Copper), and Group IV (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs + 0.85 mg/L Copper). The treatment period was 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Various liver parameters were assessed according to standard protocols to understand the repercussions of intoxication. A significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) increment in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) pointed to a substantial rise in oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) elevated extents while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) dropped in a duration-dependent pattern. Additionally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities surged significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and notable hepato-structural disruptions were observed. The evidence of liver damage was further verified by a significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) rise in concentrations of hepatic biomarkers viz. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, ER-stress was validated through the increased intracellular calcium levels along with the heightened expression of <em>grp78, chop, atf4, perk, eIF2α,</em> and <em>gadd34</em> in exposed groups. This intricate cascade subsequently elicited the activation of <em>bax, caspase-3, caspase-9</em>, and <em>apaf-1</em>, while modulation of <em>bcl-2</em>, thereby driving hepatocyte-apoptosis via ER-stress response in <em>C. punctatus</em>, a widely consumed food-fish. Our findings underscore the toxic threats of Copper-laden PVC-MPs to aquatic life and potentially the broader ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon Footprint of Typical Hydrogen Energy Products].","authors":"Xiao-Yu Huang, Ming-Hui Xie, Xiao-Wei Li, Le-Yong Jiang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To compare the environmental impact and carbon footprint of gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and green hydrogen, inventories were obtained through literature research. Some inventories that were not available in China were obtained through foreign inventories combined with localized power conversion. The localized end-point destructive life cycle impact assessment method was used to calculate the environmental impact potential of the raw material acquisition, transportation, and hydrogen production stages of five hydrogen products. The carbon footprint was calculated, and the sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis were carried out and compared with the ReCiPe method. The results showed that： ① The environmental impact from large to small was： gray hydrogen （coal） （1 203 mPt·kg^-1） &gt; blue hydrogen （coal） （876 mPt·kg^-1） &gt; gray hydrogen （gas） （492 mPt·kg^-1） &gt; green hydrogen （323 mPt·kg^-1） &gt; blue hydrogen （gas） （252 mPt·kg^-1）. The environmental impacts of gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen were mainly concentrated in climate change, fine particulate matter formation, and fossil fuels. The environmental impacts of green hydrogen were mainly concentrated in climate change, fine particulate matter formation, fossil fuels, and mineral resources. ② The carbon footprint from large to small was： gray hydrogen （coal） （23.79 kg·kg^-1, measured by CO₂eq, the same below） &gt; blue hydrogen （coal） （11.07 kg·kg^-1） &gt; gray hydrogen （gas） （10.97 kg·kg^-1） &gt; blue hydrogen （gas） （3.47 kg·kg^-1） &gt; green hydrogen （1.97 kg·kg^-1）. Direct carbon emissions in the production process of gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen accounted for the largest proportion, whereas that of green hydrogen accounted for a large proportion of power input. ③ Measures to reduce environmental impact and carbon emissions include reducing direct emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, reducing power consumption, and strengthening raw material substitution and reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"5641-5649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of Land Ecological Status and Diagnosis of Obstacle Factors in Jiangsu, China].","authors":"Qing-Ke Yang, Lei Wang, Li-Gang Lü, Ying Li, Ye-Ting Fan, Gao-Li Zhu, Ya-Zhu Wang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By constructing a land ecological evaluation index system at the village scale and using models such as spatial correlation analysis, hotspot analysis, and obstacle factor diagnosis, the basic characteristics, spatial differentiation, and obstacle factors of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province were studied. This study sought to clarify the foundation, structure, function, and benefit characteristics of land ecosystems and optimize land management and policy regulation. The results showed that： ① The spatial distribution of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was high in the north and low in the south, with multiple high-value areas radiating outward and decreasing, with low value centers radiating outward and increasing. The distribution area of the highest and lower values was relatively small, whereas the area of the middle value area was the largest. The higher values were mainly distributed in the suburbs and edge areas of each county. ② The spatial autocorrelation of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was significant, with hot spots mainly concentrated in northern Jiangsu and cold spots concentrated in southern Jiangsu, as well as some areas of Taizhou and Nantong. The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots showed a complementary pattern with the level of regional development. The comprehensive index value of land ecology in developed areas was lower, whereas the index value in underdeveloped areas was higher. ③ The natural background conditions of Class Ⅰ land ecological zone in Jiangsu Province were superior, with good ecological construction and benefits and a high level of ecological status. The obstacle factors mainly included the proportion of water bodies and the average annual degradation rate of forest land. The Class Ⅱ land ecological zone was mostly located in the Huainan region and mainly composed of plain landforms. The Class Ⅲ land ecological zone had the largest area, located in the riverside areas of southern Jiangsu. The obstacle factors mainly included the average annual degradation rate of arable land and the proportion of soil pollution area. By controlling land ecological risks, the early warning level of ecological crisis could be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"5880-5889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structural Characteristics of Phytoplankton Communities and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Different Habitats of Hedi Reservoir].","authors":"Rui-Xin Sun, Li Xu, Rong-Chang Liang, Qi-Jia Cai, Qian-Li Ma, Zheng-Yan Geng, Xing-Zhou Lin, Yu-Yin Yang, Ling-Ai Yao, Rui Zhao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202311178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202311178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the characteristics of phytoplankton communities and their relationship with environmental factors in different habitats of Hedi Reservoir, the inflow rivers, estuaries, and reservoir area of Hedi Reservoir were investigated in February （recession period）, April （flood period）, July （flood period）, and December （recession period） of 2022. During the investigation, 231 species of phytoplankton that belong to seven phyla were identified, and the cell density of phytoplankton ranged from 2.94 × 10⁶ - 8.04 × 10⁸ cells·L^-1. Phytoplankton cell density in flood periods were higher than that in recession periods, and that was higher in estuaries and the reservoir area than that in inflow rivers. Meanwhile, the cell density of phytoplankton in the estuarine and reservoir area was dominated by Cyanobacteria throughout the year, especially <i>Raphidiopsis raciborskii</i>, whereas the cell density of phytoplankton in inflow rivers was dominated by Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. In the inflow river area, the dominant species of cyanobacteria were <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>, <i>Limnothrix redekei</i>, <i>Pseudanabaena circinalis,</i> and <i>Merismopedia punctata</i>； the dominant species of Chlorophyta were <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Crucigenia tetrapedia</i>； and the dominant species of Bacillariophyta were <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Melosira granulate</i>. The highest biodiversity （Shannon-Wiener Index, Pielou index, and Margalef index） were observed in the inflow river area of Hedi Reservoir. The correlation analysis （Pearson） indicated that the environmental factors that were significantly correlated to phytoplankton communities included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration. The RDA analysis indicated that phytoplankton communities in the inflow river area were mainly affected by pH and total nitrogen concentration, which were majorly affected by water temperature and pH in the estuarine area and chiefly affected by turbidity and pH in the reservoir. The pH affected the changes in phytoplankton communities in all three different habitats, whereas the inflow river area was significantly affected by total nitrogen concentration, and the estuarine and reservoir were significantly affected by water temperature and turbidity, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"5822-5832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and Drivers of Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Ecological Stoichiometry at the Heavy Degradation Stage of the Alpine Meadow].","authors":"Yu-Ping Wu, Ming-Jun Ding, Hua Zhang, Yue-Ju Zhang, Huan Xu, Peng Huang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An in-depth understanding of the soil nutrient status and balance relationship can help the effective recovery and management of alpine degraded meadows. In order to study the balance relationship among soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients during the heavy degradation stage of meadows, field sampling and investigation, indoor analysis, and mathematical statistics were used to explore the characteristics and driving factors of changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content, storage, and ecological stoichiometry during the heavy degradation stage of alpine meadows in the Sanjiangyuan region. The results showed that in the heavy degradation stage, miscellaneous grass plants occupied absolute dominance, soil C∶N∶P was approximately 32.83∶3.87∶0.67, and there was certain nitrogen limitation. The coefficients of variation of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content were in the following order： organic carbon （1.09） &gt; total nitrogen （0.63） &gt; total phosphorus （0.29）. The organic carbon content and the carbon and nitrogen ratio showed a significant linear decreasing trend with the increase in the grassland degradation index （GDI）, while the total phosphorus content and organic carbon storage showed a significant non-linear change, in which the total phosphorus content showed a significant gentle U-shaped distribution, and the organic carbon storage decreased more gently at the beginning of the heavy degradation stage and then decreased sharply when the GDI was 57.9. The results of Mantel correlation analysis showed that the soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, carbon to phosphorus ratio, and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio showed significant correlation with organic carbon content and storage and total nitrogen storage. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that soil water content had direct effects as well as indirect through vegetation factors, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry ratios, and soil water content and vegetation factors （height, cover, and biomass） were key environmental factors affecting soil ecological stoichiometry. The research results can provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the restoration of heavily degraded grassland in alpine meadows.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"6050-6060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative Study of Water Quality Prediction Methods Based on Different Artificial Neural Network].","authors":"Ming-Jun Xiao, Yi-Chun Zhu, Wen-Yuan Gao, Yu Zeng, Hao Li, Shuo-Fu Chen, Ping Liu, Hong-Li Huang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prediction of future data using existing data is an effective tool for regional planning and watershed management. The back propagation neural network （BPNN） and convolutional neural network （CNN） were used to construct a prediction model based on the water quality index of Hengyang in Xiangjiang River Basin from April to May 2022 and the results of permanganate index prediction by different models were compared. The prediction results displayed by BPNN could predict the water quality； however, overfitting occurred during the prediction. BPNN modified by particle swarm optimization （PSO） could avoid overfitting, which improved the parameter selection method of the BPNN mode. The CNN model had a better prediction effect, which had a more complex structure and a more scientific fitting method to avoid the model falling into the local extreme value during the fitting process and improve the accuracy of the model prediction results. The evaluation parameters including root-mean-square error （RMSE）, coefficient of determination （<i>R</i>²）, and mean absolute error （MAE） were used to predict the accuracy of the network. Compared with that of the traditional BPNN model, PSO-BPNN reduced the RESM of the test set from 0.278 2 mg·L^-1 to 0.210 9 mg·L^-1, reduced the MAE of the test set from 0.222 3 mg·L^-1 to 0.153 7 mg·L^-1 and increased the <i>R</i>² of the test set from 0.864 0 to 0.921 8, which indicated that PSO-BPNN had more stable fitting ability. RMSE, MAE, and <i>R</i>² of the test set in the CNN model were 0.122 0 mg·L^-1, 0.092 7 mg·L^-1, and 0.970 5, respectively, which showed that CNN had a better fitting and prediction effect than that of BPNN.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"5761-5767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Zhengzhou During O₃ Campaign Period].","authors":"Si Chen, Jing-Wei Ni, Yi-Jin Qi, Tian-Tian Ji, Ling-Ling Wang, Xiao-Na Shan, Shan-Ling Gong","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An online gas chromatograph （GC5000） was used to monitor the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in the atmospheric environment of Zhengzhou City during the ozone campaign period from May to September of 2022. The relationship between O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and its precursors as well as meteorology was analyzed and the pollution characteristics of VOCs during the O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; exceeding and non-exceeding the standard days were compared and explored. Different VOC activity evaluation methods of OFP and &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;·OH&lt;/sub&gt; were utilized to compare and analyze the key active components and species and the ratio analysis （RA） and positive matrix factorization （PMF） analysis models were used to study the apportionment contribution of VOCs. The results showed that the O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; pollution in June and September in Zhengzhou was mainly due to the adverse meteorological conditions of high temperature and low humidity, strong radiation, and low wind speed, superimposed by the prominent concentrations of local VOCs and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, resulting in frequently high and excessive O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; occurrences. The VOCs concentration in Zhengzhou during the campaign period was an average of （68.3 ± 18.4） μg·m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, whereas it was 75.7 μg·m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; during O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; exceeding standard days and 13.4 μg·m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; during O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; non-exceeding days, respectively. Among the VOC species, the OVOCs was 31.6%, accounting for the highest mass fraction, followed by halogenated hydrocarbon, alkane, and aromatic hydrocarbon, and the major species were ethane, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-butane, dichloromethane, propane, isopentane, toluene, chloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and acetylene. VOC diurnal variation indicated that the emission of VOC pollution sources in the morning, evening peak, and at night should be paid more attention. The contribution of VOCs to OFP during the campaign period was （130.5 ± 46.4） μg·m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;, and the &lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;·OH&lt;/sub&gt; was （6.5 ± 2.9） s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, among which the top 15 species with high activity were primarily acetaldehyde, isoprene, ethylene, &lt;i&gt;m/p&lt;/i&gt;-xylene, toluene, hexal, isopentane, propanal, propylene, trans-2-butene, &lt;i&gt;etc&lt;/i&gt;. In particular, the contributions of acetaldehyde, isoprene, ethylene, and hexal species were prominent during the O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; exceeding days. Ratio analysis showed that the B/T ratio in Zhengzhou from May to September ranged from 0.05 to 5.3, with an average value of 1.1 ± 0.6, and the regional VOCs was mainly controlled by the aging air mass with possible long-distance transports. The analysis of the PMF model showed that the major pollution sources to VOC concentration in Zhengzhou were motor vehicle exhaust emission sources and industrial solvent and secondary conversion sources, contributing 25.6% and 25.8%, respectively. The contribution rates of solvent coating sources, oil and gas volatile sources, plant emission sources, industrial solvents, and secondary conversion sources durin","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"5671-5686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics of Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon Mineralization in Dryland Potato Fields Under Different Ridge-furrow Mulching Patterns].","authors":"Dan Li, Xiao-Ming Ma, Jia Lei, Jie Yu, Yong-Jin Zhou, Chun-Hua Wu, Rong Li, Xian-Qing Hou","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310083","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exploring the response mechanism of soil respiration rate to hydrothermal factors and organic carbon mineralization under different ridge-furrow mulching modes is of high importance for the development of the regional carbon cycle and assessment of its ecological benefits. An experimental study was carried out in 2020 in a dry-crop potato field in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia by setting three furrow-ridge ratios [60 cm∶30 cm （R1）, 60 cm∶45 cm （R2）, and 60 cm∶60 cm （R3）] combined with three mulching modes [ridge covered with ordinary plastic film, furrow covered with straw （DJ）, degradable water-permeable plastic film （DS）, and no mulching （DB） in furrows, respectively]. The soil hydrothermal factors, respiration rate, organic carbon content, and mineralization characteristics of potatoes during the reproductive period under different mulching modes were investigated with plain mulching without mulching （CK） as the control. The results showed that different furrow-ridge ratios combined with the mulching mode could significantly increase the soil water storage capacity in the 0-60 cm layer, and the R3DJ treatment had a better effect, with a significant increase of 24.99% compared with that in CK. The R2 treatment had the best effect of increasing temperature during the whole life cycle of the potato. The DS treatment had the effect of increasing temperature, and the DJ treatment had the effect of decreasing temperature under different mulching materials. Different furrow and ridge cover patterns could significantly increase the average soil respiration rate during the reproductive period, and the R3DS treatment was the most significant among the different furrow and ridge cover patterns, with a significant increase of 24.71% compared with that in the CK treatment. The soil organic carbon content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers at harvest time was higher in the R2 and R1 ridges, respectively, and higher in the DB and DS treatments for different mulching materials. The soil organic carbon mineralization rate declined rapidly in the early stage of cultivation and then slowly declined and leveled off in the middle and late stages, which was highest in the R3 treatment for the three types of ridge ratios and highest in the DS treatment for different mulching materials. The fitting equations of soil respiration rate with soil hydrothermal factors during the reproductive period revealed that the synergistic effect of soil hydrothermal dual factors on soil respiration was higher than that of a soil hydrothermal single factor and that the quadratic hydrothermal dual factors could well explain 86.4% to 99.9% of the soil respiration. Correlation analysis showed that the average soil respiration rate during the whole life span of the potato was highly significantly and positively correlated with the average soil temperature in the 0-25 cm layer and the average soil organic carbon mineralization rate in the 0-40 cm layer, and the soil tempe","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"6038-6049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diversity and Functional Characteristics of Fungal Communities and Influencing Factors in Typical Paddy Fields of China].","authors":"Ting-E Ye, Mei-Fen Lin, Chao-Fan Yu, Yu-Jun Xiao, Li-Wen Cheng, Yi Zheng, Wei-Qi Wang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202310031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the structure, diversity, and function of different paddy soil fungal communities and the factors affecting them in typical paddy cropping areas in China, five typical Chinese paddy soils were selected in this study, and the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities were comparatively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and functionally predicted using the FUNGuild microecological tool. The results showed that： ① The fungal community diversity of soil samples from Heilongjiang （HLJ） was significantly lower than that of the other four regions （<i>P</i><0.05）； the highest fungal community richness was found in paddy soils from Yunnan （YN）, which was significantly higher than that of the other regions （<i>P</i><0.05）； and the soil samples from Hainan （HN）, Jiangxi （JX）, and Shandong （SD） were relatively close to each other. The highest average relative abundance at the level of the five typical paddy phyla was Ascomycota, and the genus with the highest average relative abundance was <i>Tausonia</i>. ② Fungi had the largest proportion of saprophytic trophic types, and their corresponding environmental functions were stronger. ③ The species abundance of soil fungi was highly significantly correlated with soil TP, EC, and BD （<i>P</i><0.01）, and redundancy analyses also showed that soil TP was the main driver of the fungal community as well as the saprophytic functional taxa. The above results showed that the soil fungal community diversity and structure varied greatly among samples, and the relative abundance of fungal genera was affected by soil physical and chemical properties and altered the fungal community structure in paddy fields. The development of this study will provide theoretical references for the sustainable management based on fungal diversity and function of paddy fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science","volume":"45 10","pages":"6068-6076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}