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{"title":"Automatic body temperature detection of group-housed piglets based on infrared and visible image fusion","authors":"Kaixuan Cuan ,&nbsp;Feiyue Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Yan ,&nbsp;Yanchao Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiia.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiia.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate measurement of body temperature is essential for early disease detection, as it is a key indicator of piglet health. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a widely used, convenient, non-intrusive, and efficient non-contact temperature measurement technology. However, the activities and clustering of group-housed piglets make it challenging to measure the individual body temperature using IRT. This study proposes a method for detecting body temperature in group-housed piglets using infrared-visible image fusion. The infrared and visible images were automatically captured by cameras mounted on a robot. An improved YOLOv8-PT model was proposed to detect both piglets and their key body regions (ears, abdomen and hip) in visible images. Subsequently, the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) image registration method and the U2Fusion image fusion network were employed to extract temperatures from the detected body parts. Finally, a core body temperature (CBT) estimation model was developed, with actual rectal temperature serving as the gold standard. The temperatures of three body parts detected by infrared thermography were used to estimate CBT, and the maximum estimated temperature based on these body parts (EBT-Max) was selected as the final result. In the experiment, the YOLOv8-PT model achieved a [email protected] of 93.6 %, precision of 93.3 %, recall of 88.9 %, and F1 score of 91.05 %. The average detection time per image was 4.3 ms, enabling real-time detection. Additionally, the mean absolute errors (MAE) and correlation coefficient between EBT-Max and actual rectal temperature is 0.40 °C and 0.6939, respectively. Therefore, this method provides a feasible and efficient approach for group-housed piglets body temperature detection and offers a reference for the development of automated pig health monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52814,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anion-mediated pathways in organophosphate degradation in the Oconee River watershed in Georgia","authors":"Grace Stamm ,&nbsp;Gayatri Basapuram ,&nbsp;Srimanti Duttagupta ,&nbsp;Avishek Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation of organophosphate pesticides in aquatic ecosystems is influenced by various environmental factors. This study investigates the influence of nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate on the degradation of malathion, a commonly used organophosphate pesticide, in the North Oconee River watershed in Georgia. Microcosm experiments were conducted to simulate environmental conditions and assess both microbial and non-microbial transformation pathways. Nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate were found to enhance malathion degradation through microbially mediated oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. The presence of mercuric chloride, which suppressed microbial activity, resulted in slower degradation rates across all conditions, underscoring the pivotal role of microbial communities in pesticide transformation. Non-targeted analyses identified key degradation products, including malaoxon, succinic acid, and diethyl succinate, primarily under nitrate and sulfate conditions, supporting the involvement of these anions in the degradation process. These findings highlight the complex interactions between nutrient dynamics and pesticide persistence, offering valuable insights for sustainable water management and pollution control in agro-impacted freshwater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular response of Physarum melleum GZ381 to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles: Characteristic and application","authors":"Zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Qin Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Xiu Yi Liang ,&nbsp;Zhi Cheng Liang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution caused by nano titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) has become an increasingly pressing issue. Investigating environmental organisms capable of tolerating nTiO₂ stress, along with their molecular responses, can help us combat such pollution. In this study, we used multi-omics approaches, genetic manipulation, and physiological and biochemical methods to analyze the responses of <em>Physarum melleum</em> GZ381—which tolerates anatase-type nTiO₂ (nTiO₂-A) approximately 30 nm in size—and its responsive biomolecules. We observed that the primary molecular response characteristic of GZ381 was related to metabolism. Furthermore, we found that GZ381 utilizes circular RNA08121 in a competitive endogenous RNA network to regulate the transcriptional abundance of many metabolism-related genes, facilitating metabolic reprogramming and conferring obvious anti-nTiO₂-A stress capabilities. Based on these findings, we designed mitigation schemes that markedly enhanced the tolerance of various non-tolerant cells to nTiO₂-A of different sizes (approximately 30, 60, and 90 nm) under light and dark conditions. Overall, this study reports some important biomolecules that can enhance cellular nTiO₂-A resistance and may be used to combat such pollution in the future, deepens the understanding of environmental organisms, especially those tolerant to nTiO₂ stress, and provides new inspiration for combating such pollution challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmon as an ecological pathway of contaminants into Alaskan food webs","authors":"Miranda Brohman ,&nbsp;Gretchen H. Roffler ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Giarikos ,&nbsp;David W. Kerstetter ,&nbsp;Amy C. Hirons","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salmon are important fish taxa for humans and animals in hemiboreal and subarctic ecosystems. The presence of trace elements and their bioaccumulation across a marine food web raises potential health risk concerns associated with human consumption. Sixteen trace element concentrations and their health risk assessments were determined in seven different tissues from two Southeast Alaska salmon species. Chum salmon consistently had higher trace element concentrations which may be attributed to a wider variety of diets, generally longer lifespans, and more ocean time compared to pink salmon. Chum kidney and liver samples exceeded the tolerable daily intake for arsenic, indicating a significant risk to wildlife. However, muscle tissues revealed a low risk for human consumption. The target hazard quotients for chronic toxicological risk of all tissue samples did not exceed the hazardous threshold, and the carcinogenic risk values for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead all indicate a negligible cancer risk from human consumption. These results highlight the critical need for continuous monitoring of trace elements in salmon and the potential implications for both human and animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 3","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the sustained release of Cu-Al spinel pretreated by different methods for hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming","authors":"Kunyun WU ,&nbsp;Shiyu SU ,&nbsp;Xia WANG ,&nbsp;Yingqi ZHAO ,&nbsp;Caishun ZHANG ,&nbsp;Jiao HAN ,&nbsp;Yuehong ZHANG ,&nbsp;Xiaoning HOU ,&nbsp;Lei ZHANG ,&nbsp;Zhixian GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60523-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60523-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, three methods, namely hydrothermal, Al modification and acid washing, were used to modify Cu-Al spinel catalyst, and then the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR and XPS techniques. In conjunction with the performances of methanol steam reforming, the effects of surface composition and structure on the catalytic behaviors of the sustained release process were investigated. The results showed that new crystalline phase formed and surface species changed after the hydrothermal treatment, while Al-modification and acid-treated catalysts didn't change the crystalline phase composition, but the surface Al/Cu ratio and the distribution of Cu species changed. Based on the characterization data of the released Cu, it could be inferred that all the three treatments led to variations of the microscopic surface structure, thus exhibiting different sustained release catalytic behaviors. Specifically, the hydrothermal treatment enhanced the catalytic activity, while Al-modification and acid-treated catalysts showed inferior activity but showing obvious sustained release behavior. The findings of this paper provide a basis for further studies on the surface modification of the Cu-Al spinel catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1050-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of hydrogen cyanide generated from polyacrylonitrile pyrolysis based on TG-LAS","authors":"Jinting HAN ,&nbsp;Xinging MENG ,&nbsp;Gengqian WANG ,&nbsp;Xiaocong SUN ,&nbsp;Yali TIAN ,&nbsp;Xiaohu HE ,&nbsp;Xuanbing QIU ,&nbsp;Chuanliang LI ,&nbsp;Yuanyang WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60528-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60528-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An on-line detection system for detecting hydrogen cyanide (HCN) of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) pyrolysis based on thermogravimetric-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TG-TDLAS) is constructed. Taking advantage of the characteristics that HCN has a relatively high absorption intensity at a wavelength of 1531.156 nm and that common gases in the background gas in this wavelength band cause less interference, concentration of HCN is obtained by demodulating the second harmonic of the absorption signal. By a high-precision flow controller and dilution proportioning with 99.99% standard nitrogen gas, five standard gases in the range of 20×10^–6–100×10^–6 mol/mol are obtained. The demodulated second harmonic signal is linearly fitted with a correlation coefficient of 0.9975. Effects of four different relative molecular mass of PANs and three heating rates on the pyrolysis were analyzed. The relationship between sample weight loss rate and amount of HCN released was studied to explore non-isothermal pyrolysis kinetics of PAN. A three-stage pyrolysis kinetic model is established by dividing pyrolysis temperature stages, and the activation energies and frequency factors of different relative molecular mass at different heating rates are calculated, respectively. The results show that the higher the molecular weight and the higher the viscosity, the smaller the HCN release. HCN release and PAN weight loss rate in the first and third stages are larger than that in the second stage. It provides a certain experimental basis for further study of HCN generation mechanism in PAN pyrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1112-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution loss behavior of cokes and its kinetics under hydrogen-enriched atmosphere","authors":"Jingchong YAN,&nbsp;Kaixiang MA,&nbsp;Rong GE,&nbsp;Zhiping LEI,&nbsp;Zhanku LI,&nbsp;Weidong ZHANG,&nbsp;Shibiao REN,&nbsp;Zhicai WANG,&nbsp;Hengfu SHUI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60532-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60532-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-enriched ironmaking presents a promising approach to mitigate coke consumption and carbon emission in blast furnace (BF) operations. This work investigated the relationship between the structural features of cokes and their reactivity towards solution loss (SL), especially under hydrogen-enriched atmospheres. Six cokes were characterized, and their SL behaviors were examined under varying atmospheres to elucidate the effects of hydrogen enrichment. The results indicate that an increase in fixed carbon content leads to a decrease in the coke reactivity index (CRI) and an increase in coke strength after reaction (CSR), in the CO₂ atmosphere, the CSR of coke increases from 35.76%−62.83%, while in the 90CO₂/10H₂ atmosphere, the CSR of coke increases from 65.67%−84.09%. There is a good linear relationship between CRI and microcrystalline structure parameters of coke. Cokes with larger crystalline size, lower amorphous content, and smaller optical texture index (OTI) values show enhanced resistance to degradation and maintain structural integrity in BF. Kinetic analysis performed with the shifted-modified-random pore model (S-MRPM) reveals that alterations in pore structure and intrinsic mineral composition significantly influence the reaction rate. The introduction of a small amount of water vapor raises SL rates, whereas a minor addition of hydrogen (&lt;10%) decelerates SL due to its incomplete conversion to water vapor and the reduced partial pressure of the gasifying agent. Thermodynamic calculations also indicate that the introduced hydrogen does not convert into the same fraction of water vapor. The shift from chemical reaction control to gas diffusion control as the rate-determining step with rising temperatures during SL process was confirmed, and the introduction of hydrogen does not notably alter SL behavior. This result demonstrated that introducing a small amount of hydrogen (&lt;10%) can mitigate SL rates, thereby enhancing coke strength and reducing coke consumption and carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1123-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on antimony selenide photocathode for photocatalytic water splitting","authors":"Wen LI ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai ZHU ,&nbsp;Zengneng MA ,&nbsp;Yi ZHENG ,&nbsp;Jing ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60529-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>p</em>-type semiconductor antimony selenide (Sb₂Se₃), with high absorption coefficient (&gt; 10⁵ cm^–1) in the visible region, band gap of about 1.1 eV, simple binary composition with fixed orthogonal phase and low toxicity, is an excellent light absorber. So, it has been applied in photocatalytic (PEC) solar water splitting to produce hydrogen in recent years due to the excellent photoelectrochemical properties. In this work, the structure and properties of Sb₂Se₃ are outlined, focus on the development of Sb₂Se₃-based photoelectrocathodes for PEC water splitting to improve the efficiency of solar hydrogen production (STH) through morphology control, heterostructure construction, heteroatom doping and promotor modification. Then, future directions of the research for Sb₂Se₃-based photocathodes are discuss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1025-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified ZnZrOx coupled with ZSM-5 as the catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to aromatics","authors":"Yapeng BEI ,&nbsp;Xing YU ,&nbsp;Xianni BU ,&nbsp;Yuhan SUN ,&nbsp;Peng GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60535-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(25)60535-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct hydrogenation of CO₂ to aromatics via the methanol-mediated route over an oxide-zeolite bifunctional catalyst has received considerable attention in recent years. However, the activation of CO₂ at mild condition remains a great challenge, as it needs to conquer a high activation energy barrier due to the chemical inertness of CO₂. Herein, ZnZrO_<em>x</em> oxides were modified by a series of transition metals (M = Fe, Cu, Co, Ni) and the modified M-ZnZrO_<em>x</em> oxides were further used together with the commercial ZSM-5 zeolite to comprise the bifunctional M-ZnZrO_<em>x</em>/ZSM-5 composite catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of CO₂ to aromatics. The results indicate that the iron-modified Fe-ZnZrO_<em>x</em>/ZSM-5 catalysts have abundant oxygen vacancies which are active for the transformation CO₂ to aromatics; under 275 °C, H₂/CO₂ = 3, and a space velocity of 600 mL/(g·h), the Fe(4)-ZnZrO_<em>x</em>/ZSM-5 catalyst with an Fe mass fraction of 4% achieves a selectivity of 80.4% to aromatics, where tetramethylbenzene accounts for more than 70.4%, with a single-pass CO₂ conversion of 5.6%. A further increase of the Fe content to 8% can even improve the selectivity to aromatics (85.0%). Such observation should be useful for the design of industrial catalysts efficient for the direct conversion of CO₂ to aromatics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1038-1049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of NO reduction by CO over single atomic nickel catalyst: DFT and microkinetic study","authors":"Yan ZHAO ,&nbsp;Xiang LI ,&nbsp;Huanran WANG ,&nbsp;Yaming ZHU ,&nbsp;Xianchun LI","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60527-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60527-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microscopic reaction mechanism of NO reduction by CO on the graphene-supported single-atom Ni catalyst (Ni/G) was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling. The results indicate that as the most probably pathway for the NO reduction by CO over the Ni/G catalyst, two NO molecules adsorb onto the Ni atoms via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism and then transform to N₂O and active oxygen (O*). Subsequently, N₂O is adsorbed on the Ni surface and reduced to N₂ and O*. Finally, CO reduces O* to form CO₂, releasing the active Ni sites. From the energy barrier perspective, the transformation of NO to N₂O and O* has a higher energy barrier, which controls the NO reduction reaction rate. From the microkinetic perspective, the reaction temperature has a significant effect on the rate of O* reduction with CO, which is lower than that of N₂O reduction. As a result, the Ni atoms are gradually occupied by O*, which may inhibit the adsorption and reduction of NO, leading to the deactivation of the Ni/G catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 7","pages":"Pages 1061-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}