工业工程最新文献

{"title":"Impact of clay coating on sandstone reservoir quality: A multiphase-field investigation by numerical simulation","authors":"Akash KUMAR ,&nbsp;Michael SPÄTH ,&nbsp;Nishant PRAJAPATI ,&nbsp;Benjamin BUSCH ,&nbsp;Daniel SCHNEIDER ,&nbsp;Christoph HILGERS ,&nbsp;Britta NESTLER","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60598-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60598-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of clay coatings on the surfaces of quartz grains can play a pivotal role in determining the porosity and permeability of sandstone reservoirs, thus directly impacting their reservoir quality. This study employs a multiphase-field model of syntaxial quartz cementation to explore the effects of clay coatings on quartz cement volumes, porosity, permeability, and their interrelations in sandstone formations. To generate various patterns of clay coatings on quartz grains within three-dimensional (3D) digital sandstone grain packs, a pre-processing toolchain is developed. Through numerical simulation experiments involving syntaxial overgrowth cementation on both single crystals and multigrain packs, the main coating parameters controlling quartz cement volume are elucidated. Such parameters include the growth of exposed pyramidal faces, lateral encasement, coating coverage, and coating pattern, etc. The coating pattern has a remarkable impact on cementation, with the layered coatings corresponding to fast cement growth rates. The coating coverage is positively correlated with the porosity and permeability of sandstone. The cement growth rate of quartz crystals is the lowest in the vertical orientation, and in the middle to late stages of evolution, it is faster in the diagonal orientation than in the horizontal orientation. Through comparing the simulated results of dynamic evolution process with the actual features, it is found that the simulated coating patterns after 20 d and 40 d show clear similarities with natural samples, proving the validity of the proposed three-dimensional numerical modeling of coatings. The methodology and findings presented contribute to improved reservoir characterization and predictive modeling of sandstone formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 715-730"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intelligent integrated production optimization technique for waterflooding reservoirs","authors":"Yong LI ,&nbsp;Lixia ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yihang CHEN ,&nbsp;Dandan HU ,&nbsp;Ruicheng MA ,&nbsp;Shu WANG ,&nbsp;Qianyao LI ,&nbsp;Dawang LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60601-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60601-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production optimization in the closed-loop reservoir management is generally empirical, and challenged by the issues such as low precision, low efficiency, and difficulty in solving constrained optimization problems. This paper outlines the main principles, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used production optimization methods/models, and then proposes an intelligent integrated production optimization method for waterflooding reservoirs that considers efficiency and precision, real-time and long-term effects, and the interaction and synergy between a variety of optimization models. This method integrates multiple optimization methods/models, such as reservoir performance analysis, reduced-physics models, and reservoir numerical models, with these model results and insights organically coupled to facilitate model construction and matching. This proposed method is elucidated and verified by field examples. The findings indicate that the optimal production optimization model varies depending on the specific application scenario. Reduced-physics models are conducive to short-term real-time optimization, whereas the simulator-based surrogate optimization and streamline-based simulation optimization methods are more suitable for long-term optimization strategy formulation, both of which need to be implemented under reasonable constraints from the perspective of reservoir engineering in order to be of practical value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 759-778"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coal-formed gas theory promoting China from a gas-poor country to a major gas-producing country in the world","authors":"Chengzao JIA ,&nbsp;Tonglou GUO ,&nbsp;Wenhui LIU ,&nbsp;Shengfei QIN ,&nbsp;Shipeng HUANG ,&nbsp;Quanyou LIU ,&nbsp;Weilong PENG ,&nbsp;Feng HONG ,&nbsp;Yanling ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60588-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60588-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the late 1970s, the theory of coal-formed gas began to take root, sprout, develop, and improve in China. After decades of development, a complete theoretical system was finally formed. The theory of coal-formed gas points out that coal measures are good gas source rocks, with gas as the main hydrocarbon generated and oil as the auxiliary. It has opened up a new exploration idea using coal-bearing humic organic matter as the gas source, transforming the theoretical guidance for natural gas exploration in China from “monism” (i.e. oil-type gas) to “dualism” (i.e. coal-formed gas and oil-type gas) and uncovering a new field of natural gas exploration. Before the establishment of the coal-formed gas theory, China was a gas-poor country with low proved gas initially-in-place (merely 2264.33×10⁸ m³) and production (137.3×10⁸ m³/a), corresponding to a per capita annual consumption of only 14.37 m³. Guided by the theory of coal-formed gas, the natural gas industry of China has developed rapidly. By the end of 2023, China registered the cumulative proved gas initially-in-place of 20.90×10¹² m³, an annual gas production of 2 343×10⁸ m³, and a per capita domestic gas consumption reaching 167.36 m³. The cumulative proved reserves initially-in-place and production of natural gas were dominated by coal-formed gas. Owing to this advancement, China has transformed from a gas-poor country to the fourth largest gas producer in the world. The coal-formed gas theory and the tremendous achievements made in natural gas exploration in China under its guidance have promoted China from a gas-poor country to a major gas-producing country in the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 559-572"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fracturing parameters in multi-layer and multi-period cube development infill well pad: A case study on a three-layer cube development well pad of Sichuan Basin, SW China","authors":"Haixin YANG ,&nbsp;Haiyan ZHU ,&nbsp;Yaowen LIU ,&nbsp;Xuanhe TANG ,&nbsp;Dajiang WANG ,&nbsp;Jialin XIAO ,&nbsp;Danghui ZHU ,&nbsp;Chongsheng ZHAO","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60605-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60605-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The method for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing parameters of the cube development infill well pad was proposed, aiming at the well pattern characteristic of “multi-layer and multi-period” of the infill wells in Sichuan Basin. The fracture propagation and inter-well interference model were established based on the evolution of 4D in-situ stress, and the evolution characteristics of stress and the mechanism of interference between wells were analyzed. The research shows that the increase in horizontal stress difference and the existence of natural fractures/faults are the main reasons for inter-well interference. Inter-well interference is likely to occur near the fracture zones and between the infill wells and parent wells that have been in production for a long time. When communication channels are formed between the infill wells and parent wells, it can increase the productivity of parent wells in the short term. However, it will have a delayed negative impact on the long-term sustained production of both infill wells and parent wells. The change trend of in-situ stress caused by parent well production is basically consistent with the decline trend of pore pressure. The lateral disturbance range of in-situ stress is initially the same as the fracture length and reaches 1.5 to 1.6 times that length after 2.5 years. The key to avoiding inter-well interference is to optimize the fracturing parameters. By adopting the M-shaped well pattern, the optimal well spacing for the infill wells is 300 m, the cluster spacing is 10 m, and the liquid volume per stage is 1 800 m³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 817-829"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent optimization method of fracturing parameters for shale oil reservoirs in Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China","authors":"Yunjin WANG ,&nbsp;Fujian ZHOU ,&nbsp;Hang SU ,&nbsp;Leyi ZHENG ,&nbsp;Minghui LI ,&nbsp;Fuwei YU ,&nbsp;Yuan LI ,&nbsp;Tianbo LIANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60606-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60606-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For shale oil reservoirs in the Jimsar Sag of Junggar Basin, the fracturing treatments are challenged by poor prediction accuracy and difficulty in parameter optimization. This paper presents a fracturing parameter intelligent optimization technique for shale oil reservoirs and verifies it by field application. A self-governing database capable of automatic capture, storage, calls and analysis is established. With this database, 22 geological and engineering variables are selected for correlation analysis. A separated fracturing effect prediction model is proposed, with the fracturing learning curve decomposed into two parts: (1) overall trend, which is predicted by the algorithm combining the convolutional neural network with the characteristics of local connection and parameter sharing and the gated recurrent unit that can solve the gradient disappearance; and (2) local fluctuation, which is predicted by integrating the adaptive boosting algorithm to dynamically adjust the random forest weight. A policy gradient-genetic-particle swarm algorithm is designed, which can adaptively adjust the inertia weights and learning factors in the iterative process, significantly improving the optimization ability of the optimization strategy. The fracturing effect prediction and optimization strategy are combined to realize the intelligent optimization of fracturing parameters. The field application verifies that the proposed technique significantly improves the fracturing effects of oil wells, and it has good practicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 830-841"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of backwater effect in Jingjiang Reach due to confluence with Dongting Lake using a machine learning model","authors":"Hai-xin Shang ,&nbsp;Jun-qiang Xia ,&nbsp;Chun-hong Hu ,&nbsp;Mei-rong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shan-shan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The backwater effect caused by tributary inflow can significantly elevate the water level profile upstream of a confluence point. However, the influence of mainstream and confluence discharges on the backwater effect in a river reach remains unclear. In this study, various hydrological data collected from the Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River in China were statistically analyzed to determine the backwater degree and range with three representative mainstream discharges. The results indicated that the backwater degree increased with mainstream discharge, and a positive relationship was observed between the runoff ratio and backwater degree at specific representative mainstream discharges. Following the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the backwater effect in the Jingjiang Reach diminished. For instance, mean backwater degrees for low, moderate, and high mainstream discharges were recorded as 0.83 m, 1.61 m, and 2.41 m during the period from 1990 to 2002, whereas these values decreased to 0.30 m, 0.95 m, and 2.08 m from 2009 to 2020. The backwater range extended upstream as mainstream discharge increased from 7 000 m³/s to 30 000 m³/s. Moreover, a random forest-based machine learning model was used to quantify the backwater effect with varying mainstream and confluence discharges, accounting for the impacts of mainstream discharge, confluence discharge, and channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach. At the Jianli Hydrological Station, a decrease in mainstream discharge during flood seasons resulted in a 7%–15% increase in monthly mean backwater degree, while an increase in mainstream discharge during dry seasons led to a 1%–15% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Furthermore, increasing confluence discharge from Dongting Lake during June to July and September to November resulted in an 11%–42% increase in monthly mean backwater degree. Continuous channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach contributed to a 6%–19% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Under the influence of these factors, the monthly mean backwater degree in 2017 varied from a decrease of 53% to an increase of 37% compared to corresponding values in 1991.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reactivity of CO with different lattice oxygens on Cu doped CeO2(111): A DFT study","authors":"Yuan LI ,&nbsp;Yisong ZHENG ,&nbsp;Hao WANG ,&nbsp;Honghao WANG ,&nbsp;Caishun ZHANG ,&nbsp;Shaozheng HU ,&nbsp;Jiao HAN ,&nbsp;Lei ZHANG ,&nbsp;Zhixian GAO","doi":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60512-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1872-5813(24)60512-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption of CO on different lattice oxygen sites in Cu doped CeO₂(111) was studied by DFT method, and the geometrical structure and electronic properties of adsorption systems were analyzed. The results showed that CO interacted with lattice oxygen on the first layer formed CO₂. However, when adsorbed on the second layer lattice oxygen, carbonate species were formed with the participation of first layer lattice oxygens, i.e., CO co-adsorbed on first and second layer lattice oxygens. For the second layer adsorption, the absolute CO adsorption energy was big on the Oss nearby Cu. This kind of carbonates was thermodynamically stable, and it was attributed to the facilitation of Cu on CO adsorption, manifested by an electron migration behavior from the C 2<em>p</em> orbitals to the Cu 3<em>d</em> orbitals. However, the absolute CO adsorption energy on the Oss away from Cu was small. Compared to the formation of carbonates, the formation CO₂ had very small absolute adsorption energy, suggesting the formed carbonates on second layer was stable. Further, when CO adsorbed on the systems with a carbonate, the absolute CO adsorption energy was significantly smaller than that of the non-carbonated system, indicating that the formation of carbonates inhibited CO oxidation on Cu/CeO₂(111). Therefore, the formation of carbonates was unfavorable for CO oxidation reaction on Cu/CeO₂(111). The results of this study provide theoretical support for the negative effect of CO₂ on ceria-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15956,"journal":{"name":"燃料化学学报","volume":"53 6","pages":"Pages 906-917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circle structure and orderly hydrocarbon accumulation of whole petroleum system in a continental fault basin: A case study of Kong-2 Member in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China","authors":"Xianzheng ZHAO ,&nbsp;Xiugang PU ,&nbsp;Qun LUO ,&nbsp;Guochao XIA ,&nbsp;Shiqi GUI ,&nbsp;Xiongying DONG ,&nbsp;Zhannan SHI ,&nbsp;Wenzhong HAN ,&nbsp;Wei ZHANG ,&nbsp;Shichen WANG ,&nbsp;Fan WEN","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60590-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60590-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guided by the fundamental principles of the whole petroleum system, the control of tectonism, sedimentation, and diagenesis on hydrocarbon accumulation in a fault basin is studied using the data of petroleum geology and exploration of the second member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation (Kong-2 Member) in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. It is clarified that the circle structure and circle effects are the marked features of a continental fault petroliferous basin, and they govern the orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the whole petroleum systems of the fault basin. Tectonic circle zones control sedimentary circle zones, while sedimentary circle zones and diagenetic circle zones control the spatial distribution of favorable reservoirs, thereby determining the orderly distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in various circles. A model for the integrated, systematic accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons under a multi-circle structure of the whole petroleum system of continental fault basin has been developed. It reveals that each sag of the fault basin is an independent whole petroleum system and circle system, which encompasses multiple orderly circles of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons controlled by the same source kitchen. From the outer circle to the middle circle and then to the inner circle, there is an orderly transition from structural and stratigraphic reservoirs, to lithological and structural-lithological reservoirs, and finally to tight oil/gas and shale oil/gas enrichment zones. The significant feature of the whole petroleum system is the orderly control of hydrocarbons by multi-circle stratigraphic coupling, with the integrated, orderly distribution of conventional and unconventional reserves being the inevitable result of the multi-layered interaction within the whole petroleum system. This concept of multi-circle stratigraphic coupling for the orderly, integrated accumulation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons has guided significant breakthroughs in the overall, three-dimensional exploration and shale oil exploration in the Cangdong Sag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 587-599"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online evaluation method for MMC submodule capacitor aging based on CapAgingNet","authors":"Xinlan Deng ,&nbsp;Youhan Deng ,&nbsp;Liang Qin ,&nbsp;Weiwei Yao ,&nbsp;Min He ,&nbsp;Kaipei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloei.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submodule capacitor aging poses significant challenges to the safe operation of modular multilevel converter (MMC) systems. Traditional detection methods rely predominantly on offline tests, lacking real-time evaluation capabilities. Moreover, existing online approaches require additional sampling channels, thereby increasing system complexity and costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes an online evaluation method for submodule capacitor aging based on CapAgingNet. Initially, an MMC system simulation platform is developed to examine the effects of submodule capacitor aging on system operational characteristics and to create a dataset of submodule capacitor switching states. Subsequently, the CapAgingNet model is introduced, incorporating key technical modules to enhance performance: the Deep Stem module, which extracts larger receptive fields through multiple convolution layers and mitigates the impact of data sparsity in capacitor aging on feature extraction; the efficient channel attention (ECA) module, utilizing one-dimensional convolution for dynamic weighting to adjust the importance of each channel, thereby enhancing the ability of the model to process high-dimensional features in capacitor aging data; and the multiscale feature fusion (MSF) module, which integrates capacitor aging information across different scales by combining fine-grained and coarse-grained features, thus improving the capacity of the model to capture high-frequency variation characteristics. The experimental results reveal that the CapAgingNet model achieves a TOP-1 accuracy of 95.32 % and a macro-averaged F₁ score of 95.49 % on the test set, thereby providing effective technical support for online monitoring of submodule capacitor aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 420-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic purification of dye-containing wastewater using a novel embedded hybrid TiO2–slag catalyst heterojunction nanocomposite coupled with statistical models: A sustainable and techno-economic approach","authors":"Kingsley Safo ,&nbsp;Norbert Onen Rubangakene ,&nbsp;Hussien Noby ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. El-Shazly","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO₂-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}