工业工程最新文献

{"title":"[Spatio-temporal Interactions Between \"Spatial-economic-demographic\" Carbon Strength and Ecosystem Services in the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin].","authors":"Zhi-Yu Wang, Chang Lu, Xue-Qin Cai, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring the spatio-temporal interactions between \"spatial-economic-demographic\" carbon strength and ecosystem services can effectively reveal the correlation and evolutionary differences between human social development and natural ecology under land-use change and provide a reference for comprehensive and high-quality development in the region under the goal of \"double carbon.\" Taking the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin as an example, ecosystem services and carbon strengths of spatial, economic, and demographic dimensions were measured at the county scale from 2000 to 2020, the interaction elasticity index （IEI） was built to quantify the spatio-temporal interactions between each dimension's carbon strengths and ecosystem services, and the pattern of multi-dimensional interaction zoning and countermeasure suggestions were explored. The results showed that： ① The spatial and demographic carbon strengths were mainly changed positively, whereas the economic carbon strength was more negatively changed； the high values of the composite index of ecosystem services were concentrated in the east, and the index showed an overall increasing trend. ② The interaction between spatial and demographic carbon strength and ecosystem services was an ecological absolute decline relationship from 2005 to 2010, the ecological absolute increase relationship increased from 2010 to 2020, and the interaction between economic carbon strength and ecosystem services was dominated by an ecological invisible increase relationship. ③ The pattern of multi-dimensional interaction zoning was characterized by significant spatial and temporal variations, with the number of three-dimensional ideal interaction zones being the highest from 2010 to 2015, and two-dimensional undesirable interaction zones being the most widespread type of zoning. Multi-dimensional spatio-temporal interaction analysis could be used to explore the regional development situation from multiple dimensions, and the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin had more \"spatial-demographic\" undesirable interaction zones, the effect of green and low-carbon transformation was not obvious, and the enhancement of ecosystem services was poor and still needs to be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1573-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Toxicology of Nanoplastics to Aquatic and Terrestrial Organism: A Critical Review].","authors":"Wen-Tao Hong, Zhen-Yu Li, Fan Wu, Meng-Xi Cao, Hao-Bin Zhao","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics （MPs） and nanoplastics （NPs） pollution have gradually become a global environment issue. Due to the vast surface area of NPs, environmental pollutants tend to adhere to the surface of NPs and enter into the body of organisms. After being taken in, NPs would accumulate in the organs of the biosome or transfer into the body of their offspring, hampering the health of the offspring. This paper reviews the way NPs enter different organisms, how NPs accumulate in the body of the biosome under different exposure methods, and the role of protein corona in terms of NPs accumulation. Moreover, this paper reviews the toxicological effects and their mechanisms posed by different NPs to the biosome through different exposure approaches. It provides reference to future research on the toxicological effects, environmental risk, and even the possible human health threat of NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1868-1884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Nanomembrane Covering and <i>Bacillus</i> Inoculant Application on Bacterial Community Structure, Key Clusters, and Substance Transformation Process in Aerobic Manure Composting System of Livestock and Poultry].","authors":"Zheng-Guo Bu, Jie Long, Tao Yang, Xia-Wei Peng, Yong-Shuang Li, Long Wan, Xiu-Qin Wu, Zhi-Hui Bai","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Bacillus</i>, which has good cellulase secretion function, heat resistance, and good environmental adaptability, plays a key role in aerobic composting. In the aerobic composting process, nanomembrane coating can provide a suitable microclimate； however, the role of it in promoting the function of <i>Bacillus</i> inoculants in the aerobic composting system remains clear. In this study, the fermentation experiment of tank aerobic compost was set up, and four aerobic compost treatment groups were established： control group（CK）, single inoculation of <i>Bacillus</i>（CB）, nanomembrane covering（CM）, and nanomembrane covering combined with <i>Bacillus</i> inoculation（BM）. The effects of nanomembrane covering and <i>Bacillus</i> inoculation on aerobic compost were discussed. The effects of microbial community structure on microbial metabolic activity in aerobic compost were analyzed using redundancy analysis and the bacterial ecological network. The results showed that the BM treatment could promote the degradation of organic matter and increase the temperature of the reactor. After adding <i>Bacillus</i>, the enzyme activity of the CM treatment changed more than that of the CK treatment. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, which are related to organic matter metabolism, is more abundant when covered by the BM treatment. Simultaneously, the relative abundance of core bacterial cluster 3 showed a significant positive correlation with the material conversion ability of aerobic compost, and the relative abundance of bacterial cluster 3 in the BM treatment group was observed to be higher than that in the other treatment groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1915-1923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Surface Sediments of Regulating Pond in South-to-North Water Transfer Pumping Station].","authors":"Fei Li, Chun-Sheng Qiu, Chen-Chen Wang, Fei Xu, Dong Wang, Nan-Nan Liu, Xu Chen, Shao-Po Wang","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202312226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202312226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an important facility to ensure the safety of the water supply, the regulating pond of a raw water pumping station in the Tianjin Section of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project linked the raw water from the Hanjiang River with the urban water plants. Surface sediment samples from different regions of the regulator pond were collected in summer, autumn, and winter of 2022 and spring of 2023, respectively. Metagenomic sequencing technology was used to analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs）, and the correlation between sediment ARGs and physicochemical indices, microbial community structure, and mobile genetic elements （MGEs） was also analyzed. The results showed that 20 antibiotic resistance types and 921 ARGs subtypes were detected in the surface sediment samples of the regulator pond. The dominant ARGs in the samples at different sampling times and sampling points were multidrug resistance, MLS, tetracycline, and glycopeptides, and the main resistance mechanism was efflux pump. Correlation analysis showed that TN, NO₃^--N, TP, and OM of sediments were significantly correlated （<i>P</i>&lt;0.05） with various ARGs of the top 20 ARGs. Among the top 20 microbial genera, 19 species were significantly correlated （<i>P</i>&lt;0.05） with ARGs. The MGEs types of conjugate transfer protein, recombinase, and transposase were significantly positively correlated （<i>P</i>&lt;0.05） with the top 20 ARGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1435-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Carbon-based Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities in Maize Fields in Arid Regions].","authors":"Wei-Fan Liu, Xiao-Gang Wang, Ji-Li Liu, Na Wu, Meng-Hu Wan, Feng-Lan Ma, Hao Liu","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202404264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202404264","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study investigates the impact of biochar-based fertilizer on soil environmental factors and microbial communities to address how biochar-based fertilizer can improve soil conditions in arid regions and promote sustainable agricultural development. To achieve these goals, maize \"Xianyu 335\" was selected as the test variety and a random block design was adopted to set up five treatments： CK （conventional fertilizer at 450 kg·hm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;）, T1 （biochar-based fertilizer at 1 125 kg·hm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;）, T2 （biochar-based fertilizer at 1 013 kg·hm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;）, T3 （biochar-based fertilizer at 900 kg·hm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;）, and T4 （biochar-based fertilizer at 788 kg·hm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;）. Soil samples were collected from mature corn fields and analyzed for changes in soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and microbial diversity under the different biochar-based fertilizer treatments. The results showed that： ① Compared with that using chemical fertilizer alone, the application of biochar-based fertilizer significantly reduced the soil bulk density, increased the soil porosity and field water capacity, and increased the soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.68%-32.63%, 25.00%-26.79%, and 35.00%-47.50%, respectively. The activities of urease, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by 49.04%-91.35%, 48.88%-58.71%, and 20.69%-31.03%, respectively. ② The T3 and T4 treatments reduced the Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, Faith_pd, and Pielou_e indices of microorganisms. The dominant bacteria of each treatment were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, with relative abundances ranging from 71.50%-86.66%. The T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, genetic information processing, and metabolic function, all of which were between 18.12% and 21.34%. ③ Correlation analysis showed that in addition to soil bulk density, soil physical properties, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes were significantly positively correlated with each other, and significant differences were present in the relationship between different dominant bacteria and soil environmental factors. The six functional pathways of microorganisms were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients. PLS-SEM analysis showed that biochar-based fertilizer directly or indirectly affected the microbial community by regulating soil physical properties, soil nutrients, and soil enzymes, and soil nutrients were the main driving parameters of soil microbial community succession. Finally, PCA analysis showed that the comprehensive fertility of soil was T2&gt;T1&gt;T3&gt;CK&gt;T4. Ov","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1905-1914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Exogenous NO Combined with EDDS on Growth and Cd Accumulation of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> under Soil Cd Stress Conditions].","authors":"Yu-Zhi Lu, Yin-Ping Chen, Hai-Fan Xie, Bo Cao, Qian Li, Yong Sun, Qiao-Ling Yuan","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202401260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202401260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under 40 mg·kg^-1 Cd stress, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mmol·L^-1 sodium nitroprusside （SNP） and 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mmol·L^-1 [S,S]-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid （EDDS） on the growth, metabolism, and Cd accumulation of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> seedlings. The results showed that compared with those of the control group （without SNP and EDDS）, different concentrations of SNP or EDDS single treatment could significantly increase the plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of aboveground and underground parts of <i>B. pilosa</i> and effectively increase the photosynthetic pigment content and Cd content in the aboveground and underground parts. The combined treatment of different concentrations of SNP and EDDS could effectively promote the growth of <i>B. pilosa</i>, and some growth indices and Cd accumulation indices were higher than those of the single treatment of SNP and EDDS at the same concentration. Among them, the 0.20 mmol·L^-1 SNP + 1.00 mmol·L^-1 EDDS composite treatment had the following effects： ① The treatment significantly promoted the biomass of <i>B. pilosa</i> and increased the plant height and fresh and dry weight of aboveground and underground parts by 39.47%, 142.32% and 267.63%, and 377.63% and 304.55%, respectively. ② It significantly improved the remediation effect of <i>B. pilosa</i> on Cd-contaminated soil, and the Cd content, enrichment coefficient, remediation efficiency, and transport coefficient of aboveground and underground parts of <i>B. pilosa</i> were increased by 91.22% and 81.51%, 101.71%, and 91.37%, 641.67%, and 5.14%, respectively, and the Cd content and enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts were significantly higher than those of underground parts. ③ The treatment also significantly increased the Cd content in subcellular fractions of <i>B. pilosa</i>, the Cd content in the cell wall and soluble part was higher than that in the organelle and mitochondrial parts, and the Cd content in subcellular fractions of the aboveground part was also higher than that of the underground part. The comprehensive analysis showed that the application of appropriate concentrations of SNP and EDDS could effectively promote the growth and Cd accumulation of <i>B. pilosa</i> under soil Cd stress, which is helpful for <i>B. pilosa</i> to enhance Cd resistance and detoxification through the cell wall barrier and vacuolar compartmentation. According to the experimental results, the combination of 0.20 mmol·L^-1 SNP + 1.00 mmol·L^-1 EDDS can be used to enhance the remediation efficiency of <i>B. pilosa</i> on Cd-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1783-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Soil Acidification on the Distribution and Availability of Arsenic in Aggregates].","authors":"Sheng-Bai Xiao, Yan Xu, Shu-Ting Tang, Hao Cui, Shi-Qiang Wei","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spatiotemporal substitution method was used to collect yellow soil and purple soil with different acidification degrees； analyze the effects of acidification on the composition and properties of soil aggregates； explore the distribution characteristics, occurrence forms, and availability of arsenic （As） in soil aggregates with different acidification degrees； and reveal the key factors restricting the availability of soil As. The results showed that the distribution of total As in each aggregate was positively affected by its mass fraction, and the larger the mass fraction, the more the total As distribution. Soil acidification destroyed the aggregate structure, reduced the mass fraction of large aggregate S1 （&gt;2 mm） by 5 to 15 percentage points, led to the increase in amorphous iron content by 2 to 7 times, and decreased the total As distribution of S1. The available As was positively regulated by non-obligate/obligate adsorptive arsenic （F1, F2） （F1+F2 correlation coefficient 0.76） and negatively affected by residual arsenic （F5） （correlation coefficient -0.89）. Soil acidification significantly reduced the ratio of F1 to F2 after exogenous As entered the soil, resulting in a decrease in <i>ω</i> （available As） from 6.71-15.37 mg·kg^-1 to 2.36-9.26 mg·kg^-1, and the highest exogenous available As content was found in S1 and microaggregate S4 （&lt;0.25 mm）. Simultaneously, exogenous available As was also negatively affected by organic matter （correlation coefficient -0.72） and positively regulated by available phosphorus and CEC （coefficients 0.40 and 0.52, respectively）. There were differences in soil property factors that restricted the availability of As in aggregates of different particle sizes. Soil acidification in S2 （1-2 mm）, S3 （0.25-1 mm）, and S4 aggregates significantly increased the amorphous iron and thus reduced the availability of As, and the exogenous available As in S3 was not significantly affected by CEC. However, the effective As from all agglomerated sources was affected by organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium. The results provide a basis for the accurate control of soil As availability and pollution remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1762-1773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Combined Pollution of Cd and Microplastics on Winter Wheat Based on the PLS Model: Phytotoxicity and Soil Properties].","authors":"Yue Chen, Hai-Kuan Cheng, Fu-Peng Chen, Chen-Chen Feng, Di Lin","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202403098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202403098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the effects of heavy metals, microplastics, and their combined action on the growth, physiological ecology, and soil physicochemical properties of winter wheat （<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.）, we sought to identify the major controlling factors and thus to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the physiological ecology response mechanism and ecological restoration of contaminated soil. Soil culture treatment experiments were conducted to study the effects of the heavy metal cadmium （Cd） （0 mg·kg^-1 and 5 mg·kg^-1） and polypropylene microplastics （PP-MPs） with different particle sizes （10 μm and 500 μm） and mass concentration （0, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0%） on winter wheat growth, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf anatomy, canopy temperature, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity. Moreover, a partial least squares （PLS） model was used to quantify the relationship between physical and chemical indicators and winter wheat growth status and to identify the major controlling factors. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and total biomass of winter wheat decreased by 10.3%-59.9%, 5.8%-94.2%, and 20.0%-84.0%, respectively, under the pollution condition of small particle size PP-MPs alone and combined with Cd. In addition, photosynthetic characteristics, such as photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll content of wheat leaves were significantly inhibited under the conditions of both pollutants. With the increase of pollution stress, the canopy temperature of the wheat population increased, and the leaf thickness decreased. Compared with that in CK, the superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） of leaves increased by 13.4%-99.0%, 45.5%-122.7%, and 2.8%-89.2%, respectively, and the interaction between them was extremely significant （<i>P</i>&lt;0.01）. In addition, Cd and PP-MPs also slightly increased the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium and significantly improved the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase. In summary, the combined Cd-PP-MPs pollution had synergistic inhibition effects on the above indicators, and the inhibiting effects of 10 μm PP-MPs were significantly stronger than those of 500 μm. PLS results showed that soil acid phosphatase was the key control factor affecting the growth and development indices of winter wheat under the combined pollution stress of Cd and 10 μm PP-MPs, and soil available phosphorus was the key influencing factor of 500 μm large-particle size PP-MPs. The results provide reference for evaluating the ecological effects of heavy metal Cd and MPs combined pollution in the soil-plant system.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1815-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of Nitrate Sources in Different Rivers Flowing into the Sea Based on Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes].","authors":"Zhuo-Hang Xin, Peng-Juan Chang, Zhi-Hong Liu, Chang-Chun Song","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202401105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202401105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nitrogen flux from terrestrial input is the primary source of nitrogen load in estuarine areas, leading to ecological issues, such as coastal eutrophication and hypoxia. Systematically identifying the nitrogen sources from different rivers draining into the sea is a prerequisite for controlling the nitrogen pollution in estuarine areas. Based on the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of 179 sampling sites across 12 rivers in Liaoning and Hebei Provinces, the nitrate sources of different rivers were systematically identified. Moreover, the stable isotope analysis in the R （SIAR） model was employed to quantitatively calculate the contribution rates of various pollution sources to river nitrate. The results indicated that nitrification was the primary process of nitrate transformation. For all 12 rivers, the contribution rate of animal manure and sewage ranged from 13.9% to 90.1% and that of soil nitrogen ranged from 4.3% to 54.0%. Additionally, for the Liaojiawa River, Xuanhui River, and Nanpai River in Cangzhou City, agricultural fertilizers were observed to have relatively high contribution rates, ranging from 25.2% to 64.4%. Overall, the nitrogen loads in these 12 rivers were highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities and the primary sources of nitrate varied among different rivers. Therefore implementing targeted and differentiated control measures in watershed nitrogen control and management is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1371-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and Health Risks of Metal Elements in House Dust in Baotou].","authors":"Jing-Wen Wang, Hai-Jun Zhou, Yang-Chao Lü, Bing Sun, Xiao-Tao Fu, Xi Chun, Zhi-Qiang Wan","doi":"10.13227/j.hjkx.202402097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202402097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the potential impact of metal elements in house dust in heavy industrial cities on human health, house dust samples were collected from 46 residential quarters of four urban districts of Baotou city. The contents of 13 metal elements were determined, and the pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of metal elements were analyzed. The results showed that the enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indices of anthropogenic metals （Pb, As, Cu, Fe, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn） were extremely high, indicating a high pollution degree. The concentrations, enrichment factors, and geo-accumulation indices of iron smelting-related elements （Fe, Mn, Cr, and V） were in the order of Kundulun district &gt; Qingshan district &gt; Jiuyuan district &gt; Donghe district, which was negatively correlated with the distance from the large iron smelting enterprise. Principal component analysis identified five sources： the iron and steel smelting source, natural source, nonferrous metal smelting source, traffic source, and coal combustion, among which iron and steel smelting and natural sources were the major sources of metal elements in house dust in Baotou. The results of health risk assessment suggested that ingestion and dermal contact were the major exposure pathways of metal elements in house dust in Baotou. The influence of the inhalation pathway could be ignored. All individual metal elements had no carcinogenic risk to adults or children. However, the combined action of all elements posed a certain non-carcinogenic risk to children. Ni, As, and Cr had carcinogenic health risks to both adults and children.</p>","PeriodicalId":35937,"journal":{"name":"环境科学","volume":"46 3","pages":"1362-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}