农学最新文献

{"title":"The migration and evolutionary mechanisms of northern Asian populations from the perspective of ancient genomics.","authors":"Da-Xuan Zhang, Shen-Ru Dai, Yin-Qiu Cui","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northern part of Asia, including Siberia, the Mongolian Plateau, and northern China, is not only a crossroads for population exchange on the Eurasian continent but also an important bridge connecting the American continent. This region holds a unique and irreplaceable significance in exploring the origins of humanity, tracking human migration routes, and elucidating evolutionary mechanisms. Despite the limited number of samples unearthed, varying preservation conditions, and constraints of technical means, our understanding of the interactions among populations in northern Asia is still in its infancy. However, the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and its advancement in ancient DNA research have provided us with a new perspective for delving into the genetic history of ancient populations from a molecular level. In this review, we synthesize the changes in the genetic structure of ancient populations in different stages of northern Asia, aiming to reveal the patterns of interaction among ancient populations in this region, the evolutionary process of their genetic structure, and their genetic contributions to modern populations. It will also discuss the adaptive strategies of humans in response to extreme natural conditions. This will not only deepen our understanding of the origins and migration processes of humanity but also provide a solid foundation for studying the evolutionary mechanisms and adaptive strategies of humans under environmental selective pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and behavioral studies reveal that glutamate receptors are involved in depressive-like behavior in adult olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus","authors":"Liangfang Liu ,&nbsp;Tangsong Feng ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Shi ,&nbsp;Huafeng Zou ,&nbsp;Weiqun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>), a marine demersal flatfish species, exhibits obvious timid and depressive-like characteristics. Adult olive flounder bury themselves in the sand and present motionless behavior. However, the detail mechanism of regulating the motionless behavior is not fully understood. In this study, using adult group (AG) and juvenile group (JG) flounder as a model, we compared the locomotor activity of AG and JG flounder, and analyzed the transcriptomic expression profiles in the spinal cord by RNA-seq methods. The behavioral experiment showed that AG flounder displayed lower locomotor activity. Transcriptome analysis found a total of 1711 significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs), among which 818 genes were up-regulated and 893 genes were down-regulated in AG flounder compared with JG flounder. Specifically, locomotor behavior related genes (<em>parvalbumin</em>, <em>urotensin II</em> and <em>creatine kinase</em>) were down-regulated. Meanwhile glial fibrillary acidic protein, the biomarkers of astroglial pathology, and glutamatergic synaptic genes were significantly up-regulated in AG flounder. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs enriched in peptide biosynthetic process, translation procession were down-regulated in the AG flounder. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and glutamatergic synapse pathway were over-represented. After treatment with antagonist of glutamate receptor LY341495, flounder more often swam out of the sand and displayed significantly more off-bottom swimming behavior, suggesting the anti-depressive effect of LY341495. Taken together, in combination with behavioral tests and transcriptomic analyses, we conclude that the glutamate receptor in spinal cord plays an important role in timid and depressive-like behavior in flounder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90673099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient DNA elucidates the migration and evolutionary history of northern and southern populations in East Asia.","authors":"Wan-Jing Ping, Jia-Yang Xue, Qiao-Mei Fu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, the continuous development of ancient genomic technology and research has significantly advanced our understanding of human history. Since 2017, large-scale studies of ancient human genomes in East Asia, particularly in China, have emerged, resulting in a wealth of ancient genomic data from various time periods and locations, which has provided new insights into the genetic history of East Asian populations over tens of thousands of years. Especially since 2022, there emerged a series of new research progresses in the genetic histories of the northern and southern Chinese populations within the past 10,000 years. However, there is currently no systematic review focused on these recent ancient genomic studies in East Asia. Therefore, this article emphasizes the study of ancient human genomes in China and systematically reviews the genetic patterns and migration history of populations in East Asia since the Late Paleolithic. Existing research indicates that by at least 19,000 years ago, there was a north-south differentiation among ancient East Asian populations, leading to different genetic lineages divided by the Qinling-Huaihe line. Gene flow and interactions between northern and southern East Asians began in the Early Neolithic and were further strengthened from the Mid-Neolithic. By the historical period, northern East Asian ancestry played a profound role in the genetic components of southern populations, shaping the genetic structure of present-day Chinese populations. Throughout this process, ancient populations in northern and southern China also engaged in extensive interactions through coastal and inland routes with populations from surrounding regions, including Siberia, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, and Pacific islands, playing a crucial role in the formation of different linguistic groups. These studies have charted the evolutionary and interaction history of East Asian populations over tens of thousands of years; yet, many unresolved mysteries remain. Further exploration is needed through ancient genomic data from additional time periods and broader geographic areas to facilitate a more comprehensive and detailed investigation, thereby advancing related scientific questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"18-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on animal speciation studies.","authors":"Hong Wu, Yu-Xing Zhang, Li Yu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speciation research represents our thinking and exploration about how new species are generated and maintained, and it is one of the most important parts of evolutionary biology. Revealing new species formation modes, processes of reproductive isolation establishment and their intrinsic genetic mechanisms, are not only important issues and primary tasks in the field of speciation, but also the key clues for our understandings about the species diversity in nature. Here, by focusing on animal groups, we first introduced different definitions of species concept, and then summarized present research progress and important breakthroughs made in the speciation modes and molecular mechanism of reproductive isolation. We also pointed out some limitations in current studies. Finally, we discuss the potential opportunities and new breakthroughs that can be made in the future studies of animal speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological demonstration of gonad development in the banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis","authors":"Jirakanit Chimnual ,&nbsp;Jirawat Saetan ,&nbsp;Wilaiwan Chotigeat","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genetic diversity of the banana shrimp <em>Fenneropenaeus merguiensis</em> is at risk because of over-harvesting, which consequently reduces food security. This endangerment is exacerbated because this species is not commonly cultivated by farmers. Overall, these factors necessitate conservation of this shrimp species across its natural habitat. Information on the migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) to form a gonad is essential for shrimp preservation techniques such as broodstock preparation, sex differentiation, and germ cell transplantation. In this study, histological analysis and <em>in situ</em> hybridization of <em>vasa</em> expression (from embryo to testis development) were used to demonstrate the movement of PGCs. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and <em>in situ</em> hybridization with the VASA probe revealed that the PGCs migrated retrogradely along the midgut, colonizing the area between the hepatopancreas and heart, a region that becomes the genital ridge in the postlarval stage. External sexual organs appeared at approximately 4 months of age. Through real-time PCR, the expression of the <em>vasa</em> gene was detected early on postlarval day 7, whereas its abundant expression was detected in the ovaries and testes of adult shrimp. This study could help with the identification and monitoring of PGCs or spermatogonia in banana shrimp and facilitate the implementation of other germ cell-relevant techniques in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84587990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity.","authors":"Cong Liu, Yang-Qing Luo, Yu-Jing Yan, Yang-He-Shan Yang, Di Zeng, Yu-Hao Zhao, Xing-Feng Si","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the unique geographical features of large numbers, isolated by water and diverse formation histories, islands have become natural laboratories for ecological and evolutionary research. Islands have a high proportion of endemic species and disharmony in representing the species compared with that in the continent, which provides a good opportunity to explore the formation of island biodiversity. In this review, we focuse on island ecosystems and describes the progress of research in island biogeography in recent years from three aspects: formation, maintenance, and loss of island biodiversity. First, we take several representative island systems in the world as examples to introduce the formation mechanism of island biodiversity from species dispersal and immigration, population establishment and selection, species evolution and adaptive radiation. Based on the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography, we then review the species-area relationship and species-isolation relationship and focus on the research progress in community assembly, including Diamond's rule, nestedness pattern, the framework of community structure of island biota, and species interactions on islands. We also discuss the high extinction risks of island species threatened from natural and human disturbances, especially from the impact of habitat loss and change, climate change, alien species invasion and the synergistic effect of these factors on the loss of island biodiversity. Finally, based on the status of island biodiversity, we summarized the current conservation practices for island biodiversity and possible research frontiers in island biogeographic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"101-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of selenium nanoparticles extracted from Bacillus subtilis and its antibacterial effects in Onychostoma macrolepis: Insight into ferroptosis","authors":"Chao Zhu ,&nbsp;Guofan Peng ,&nbsp;Jincan Li ,&nbsp;Yalong Deng ,&nbsp;Tianqi Jin ,&nbsp;Qimin Liu ,&nbsp;Heran Cao ,&nbsp;Zifang Wu ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Li ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangtong Yuan ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangxia Yang ,&nbsp;Hong Ji ,&nbsp;Wuzi Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were often used as growth and antioxidant capacity promoter. In this study, we found selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) could improve the survival rate of <em>Onychostoma macrolepis</em> (<em>O. macrolepis</em>) fry as a feed additive after a challenged by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>). To further explore the mechanism of SeNPs against bacterial infection, we examined the changes before and after bacterial infection, and the results showed that large amounts of peroxide were produced under <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection in <em>O. macrolepis</em> fry, and then the excessive accumulation of peroxides led to a large amount of ferroptosis in the liver. Interestingly, we found supplementing 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs decreased MDA, iron content, and enhanced T-AOC levels in the liver of <em>O. macrolepis</em> fry after a challenged by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (P˂0.01). Especially, the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs could significantly increase the expression level of Glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) in the liver of <em>O. macrolepis</em> after infection with <em>A. hydrophila</em>. In summary, the results of this research suggested that the diet with 0.9 mg/kg biogenic SeNPs was an optimal additive dose to improve the survival rate of <em>O. macrolepis</em> fry by increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting ferroptosis, which sheds a new light on the mechanism of antibacterial infection in fish from the perspective of ferroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75975606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic, histological and biochemical analyses of Macrobrachium nipponense response to acute heat stress","authors":"Xiao Wu ,&nbsp;Yaoran Fan ,&nbsp;Jianbin Feng ,&nbsp;Keyi Ma ,&nbsp;Jiale Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is an essential environmental factor affecting the viability of organisms. Temperature changes could cause damages or even death. The oriental river prawn, <em>Macrobrachium nipponense</em>, is widely distributed in East Asian countries, and has been an important economical aquaculture species in China since 1990s. This prawn belongs to crustaceans, which is a kind of ectotherms and very sensitive to temperature changes due to their relatively low internal metabolic heat production and their high thermal conductivity. In order to reveal the thermal adaptation mechanisms, <em>M. nipponense</em> were acclimated at 25 °C for 24 h, and successively challenged at 30 °C and 35 °C for 24 h in the same tank, respectively. And histological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses were carried out on the gills and hepatopancreas under different temperatures. The results showed that different degrees of histological damages were discovered both in the gills and hepatopancreas of <em>M. nipponense</em> at 30 °C and 35 °C. The digestive, metabolic, and antioxidative capacity were enhanced in the gills and hepatopancreas of <em>M. nipponense</em> at 30 °C and 35 °C. A total of 2293 and 3304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the gills and hepatopancreas, respectively. These DEGs were significantly involved in the regulation of transcription, proteolysis, nucleus, cytoplasm, metal ion binding, and ATP binding by Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the DEGs in the hepatopancreas were significantly enriched in KEGG pathways including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, thyroid hormone synthesis, and ECM-receptor interaction. And the DEGs in the gills were enriched in KEGG pathways including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, ribosome, and calcium signaling pathway. These results could be helpful for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal response of <em>M. nipponense</em>, and increasing knowledge of the regulation mechanisms of freshwater crustaceans in the context of global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86096103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysene alters the expression pattern of HSP70 genes in mandarin fish","authors":"Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Tiantian Chen ,&nbsp;Jinliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in fish plays a crucial role in various physiological and environmental stresses. To reveal the mechanisms of the <em>HSP70</em> gene response to abiotic stress in mandarin fish (<em>Siniperca chuatsi</em>), we analyzed the HSP70 gene family in this species. There are 16 <em>HSP70</em> genes in mandarin fish, and their protein three-dimensional structures were constructed. The aliphatic index of the 16 mandarin fish HSP70sranges from 73.50 (HSPa4b) to 99.46 (HSPa13), and all are hydrophilic proteins, with seven of them being unstable proteins. After exposure to chrysene, six <em>HSP70</em> genes in the intestine, four in the liver, and four in the brain tissues exhibited significant expression changes. These findings reveal that chrysene exposure affects the physiological status of fish, and <em>HSP70</em> genes may play a role in the chrysene exposure tolerance of the intestine, brain and liver in mandarin fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88076478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on ancient DNA investigation of Late Quaternary mammals in China.","authors":"Gui-Lian Sheng, Ming-Min Zheng, Bo Xiao, Jun-Xia Yuan","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been more than 40 years since the beginning of exploring the genetic composition of ancient organisms from the perspective of ancient DNA. In the recent 20 years, with the development and application of high-throughput sequencing technology platforms and the improved efficiency of retrieving highly fragmented DNA molecules, ancient DNA research moved forward to a brand-new era of deep-time paleogenomics. It not only solved many controversial phylogenetic problems, enriched the migration and evolution details of various organisms including humans, but also launched exploration of the molecular responses to climate changes in terms of \"whole genomic-big data-multi-species\" level. Moreover, it expanded the sample age from no more than 100,000 years to the Early Pleistocene, ~2 million years ago. Recently, Chinese scientists have made many influential breakthroughs in evolution and migration integration of East Asian populations and thus filled an important gap in the evolutionary process of modern human. Compared to the situation in human paleogenomic studies, less attention has been paid to the study of ancient DNA from vertebrates remains. In this review, we introduce a series of advances in ancient DNA investigations of large mammals in Late Quaternary in China, summarize the research breakthroughs in revealing the systematic evolutionary relationship between ancient and extant groups, gene flow, and molecular responses of mammalian populations to climate change, and explore the opportunities and key challenges in the field of mammalian paleogenomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}