Anaesthetic profile of thymol and menthol in zebrafish larvae model

Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Raquel S.F. Vieira , Diana Sousa , Luís M. Félix , Carlos A.S. Venâncio
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aquaculture procedures such as capturing, handling, and transporting fish can lead to stress in animals. For this reason, anaesthesia has been recommended to reduce fish stress during these procedures. Synthetic and natural anaesthetics such as tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and eugenol (monoterpene) are commonly used; however, biochemical changes and aversive effects have been reported. Other monoterpene compounds such as thymol and menthol, have shown potential anaesthetic effects in fish species. Thus, further investigation of its anaesthetic properties seems imperative, and the use of the zebrafish in the early stages of its development is an appropriate model due to its advantages. Therefore, the aimed to evaluate the anaesthetic profile of thymol and menthol in zebrafish at 72 hpf (hours post fertilisation). Following the determination of the effective anaesthetic concentration, three concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mg/L for thymol and 200, 400 and 500 mg/L for menthol) were further tested by focusing on mortality rate, heart rate, behaviour features of induction and oxidative effects in comparison to MS-222 and eugenol. Both monoterpenes caused anaesthetic effects in a concentration-dependent manner, with concentrations of 200 mg/L exhibiting a similar profile to MS-222 and eugenol, as evidenced by the increased recovery times.
Furthermore, anaesthesia with thymol and menthol caused post-anaesthesia motor pattern abnormalities, which supported some indicators of stress. Slight modifications in physiological parameters and antioxidant changes were observed, but their association with thymol and menthol anaesthesia is unclear. Although supporting its anaesthetic use, more extensive research will be required to fully understand the impact of these natural anaesthetics on fish behaviour and stress levels, ultimately leading to safer and more successful anaesthetic operations in the future.
百里酚和薄荷醇在斑马鱼幼虫模型中的麻醉特性
水产养殖程序,如捕获、处理和运输鱼类,会给动物带来压力。因此,在这些过程中,建议使用麻醉来减少鱼的压力。合成麻醉剂和天然麻醉剂如三卡因甲磺酸盐(MS-222)和丁香酚(单萜烯)是常用的;然而,生化变化和不良反应已被报道。其他单萜化合物,如百里酚和薄荷醇,在鱼类中显示出潜在的麻醉作用。因此,对其麻醉特性的进一步研究似乎势在必行,并且由于其优势,在其发展的早期阶段使用斑马鱼是一个合适的模型。因此,旨在评估百里香酚和薄荷醇在斑马鱼72 hpf(受精后小时)的麻醉概况。在确定有效麻醉浓度之后,进一步测试了三种浓度(百里香酚100、200和300 mg/L,薄荷醇200、400和500 mg/L),重点研究了与MS-222和丁香酚相比的死亡率、心率、诱导行为特征和氧化效应。两种单萜都以浓度依赖的方式引起麻醉作用,浓度为200 mg/L的MS-222和丁香酚表现出类似的特征,这一点可以从恢复时间的增加中得到证明。此外,百里香酚和薄荷醇麻醉引起麻醉后运动模式异常,这支持了一些应激指标。观察到生理参数和抗氧化变化的轻微改变,但它们与百里香酚和薄荷醇麻醉的关系尚不清楚。虽然支持其麻醉剂的使用,但需要更广泛的研究来充分了解这些天然麻醉剂对鱼类行为和应激水平的影响,最终导致未来更安全,更成功的麻醉手术。
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来源期刊
Aquaculture and Fisheries
Aquaculture and Fisheries Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
48 days
期刊介绍:
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